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    Usage of poly-3-hydroxybutyrates in preparation of β-lactam compounds
    81.
    发明授权
    Usage of poly-3-hydroxybutyrates in preparation of β-lactam compounds 有权
    聚-3-羟基丁酸酯在制备β-内酰胺化合物中的用途

    公开(公告)号：US07985857B2

    公开(公告)日：2011-07-26

    申请号：US12280781

    申请日：2006-10-16

    申请人： Weichuan Lu ,  Qian Zhang ,  Xin Cheng

    发明人： Weichuan Lu ,  Qian Zhang ,  Xin Cheng

    IPC分类号： C07D205/08 ,  C07F7/18

    CPC分类号： C07D205/08 ,  C07F7/188

    摘要： A method for preparing compounds having the formula(I) by using P(3HB), wherein R is R1, R2, R3 are lower linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl, comprising the steps of: a: obtaining (3R)-3-RO—CH(CH3)CH2COOCH3 by pyrolysis of P(3HB) and protection; b: obtaining (3R)-3-RO—CH(CH3)CH2CHO by reduction of (3R)-3-RO—CH(CH3)CH2COOCH3 ; c: enolizing (3R)-3-RO—CH(CH3)CH2CHO and then reacting with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate, at last getting the final product by reduction; wherein (3R)-3-RO—CH(CH3)CH2CHO is enolized by reacting (3R)-3-RO—CH(CH3)CH2CHO with isopropenyl acetate and p-toluenesulfonic acid by heating under reflux.

    摘要翻译： 通过使用P（3HB）制备具有式（I）的化合物的方法，其中R为R 1，R 2，R 3为低级直链或支链C 1 -C 4烷基，包括以下步骤：a：获得（3R）-3- RO-CH（CH3）CH2COOCH3通过热解P（3HB）和保护; b：通过还原（3R）-3 -OR-CH（CH3）CH2COOCH3获得（3R）-3 -OR-CH（CH 3）CH 2 CHO; c：烯化（3R）-3 -OR-CH（CH 3）CH 2 CHO，然后与氯磺酰基异氰酸酯反应，最后通过还原得到最终产物; 其中通过在回流下加热使（3R）-3 -OR-CH（CH 3）CH 2 CHO与乙酸异丙烯酯和对甲苯磺酸反应来使（3R）-3 -OR-CH（CH 3）CH 2 CHO烯醇化。

    METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETACHING USER EQUIPMENT
    83.
    发明申请
    METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETACHING USER EQUIPMENT 有权
    用于分离用户设备的方法和设备

    公开(公告)号：US20110085517A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-04-14

    申请号：US12971612

    申请日：2010-12-17

    申请人： Yijun Yu ,  Qian Zhang

    发明人： Yijun Yu ,  Qian Zhang

    IPC分类号： H04W36/00

    CPC分类号： H04W60/06 ,  H04W36/0022 ,  H04W36/14 ,  H04W76/30 ,  H04W76/32 ,  H04W76/34

    摘要： A method and device for detaching a user equipment (UE) are disclosed in the present invention. The UE is registered with a mobility management entity (MME) in a packet switched (PS) network and a mobile switching center (MSC) in a circuit switched (CS) network. When the UE needs to detach from the PS network, the MSC receives a Detach Request with a Detach Type indicating the detaching from the PS network only; after receiving the Detach Request, the MSC deletes the context of the PS core network entity and clears the connection between the MSC and the MME. An MME for performing UE detachment is also disclosed in the present invention. The present invention helps reduce the time delay during the subsequent handover and quickly provide users with communications services, so as to improve user's experience and meet the carriers' requirements.

    摘要翻译： 在本发明中公开了一种用于分离用户设备（UE）的方法和设备。 UE被分配交换（PS）网络中的移动性管理实体（MME）和电路交换（CS）网络中的移动交换中心（MSC））注册。 当UE需要从PS网络分离时，MSC接收到具有分离类型的分离请求，指示仅从PS网络分离; MSC收到分离请求后，删除PS核心网实体的上下文，并清除MSC与MME之间的连接。 在本发明中还公开了用于执行UE分离的MME。 本发明有助于减少后续切换期间的时延，并迅速为用户提供通信服务，从而提高用户体验并满足运营商的需求。

    DETERMINING AN EFFICIENT KEEP-ALIVE INTERVAL FOR A NETWORK CONNECTION
    84.
    发明申请
    DETERMINING AN EFFICIENT KEEP-ALIVE INTERVAL FOR A NETWORK CONNECTION 有权
    确定网络连接的有效保持间隔

    公开(公告)号：US20100312899A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-12-09

    申请号：US12480560

    申请日：2009-06-08

    申请人： Shai Herzog ,  Rashid Qureshi ,  Jorge Raastroem ,  Xuemei Bao ,  Rajeev Bansal ,  Qian Zhang ,  Scott Michael Bragg

    发明人： Shai Herzog ,  Rashid Qureshi ,  Jorge Raastroem ,  Xuemei Bao ,  Rajeev Bansal ,  Qian Zhang ,  Scott Michael Bragg

    IPC分类号： G06F15/16 ,  G06F11/00

    CPC分类号： H04L65/1066 ,  H04L67/14 ,  H04L67/141 ,  H04L67/145 ,  H04L67/28 ,  H04L67/2842 ,  H04L69/16 ,  H04L69/163 ,  H04L69/28

    摘要： Systems and methods for use in communication between a client and a server, via a networking device, are provided. The method may include sending a request to establish a data connection from the client to the server via the networking device, setting a data connection keep-alive interval for the data connection to a predetermined safe value, and sending a request to establish a test connection between the client and the server. The method may further include determining an efficient keep-alive interval for communication between the client and server via the networking device, using the test connection, setting the data connection keep-alive interval to the efficient keep-alive interval determined using the test connection, and uploading the efficient keep-alive interval from the client to the server in an efficient keep-alive interval notification message, for communication to other clients connected to the server.

    摘要翻译： 提供了通过网络设备在客户端和服务器之间的通信中使用的系统和方法。 该方法可以包括通过网络设备发送建立从客户端到服务器的数据连接的请求，将数据连接的数据连接保持间隔设置为预定的安全值，以及发送建立测试连接的请求 在客户端和服务器之间。 该方法可以进一步包括：使用测试连接，经由网络设备确定用于客户端和服务器之间的通信的有效保持间隔，将数据连接保持间隔设置为使用测试连接确定的有效保持间隔， 并且在有效的保持活动间隔通知消息中将高效的保持活动间隔从客户端上传到服务器，以便与连接到服务器的其他客户端进行通信。

    Context-Free Protocol for Enforcing Data Forwarding in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
    85.
    发明申请
    Context-Free Protocol for Enforcing Data Forwarding in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks 有权
    在无线Ad Hoc网络中执行数据转发的无上下文协议

    公开(公告)号：US20100260337A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-10-14

    申请号：US12422722

    申请日：2009-04-13

    申请人： Chengqi Song ,  Qian Zhang

    发明人： Chengqi Song ,  Qian Zhang

    IPC分类号： H04L9/00 ,  H04L9/30

    CPC分类号： H04W12/04 ,  H04L9/0827 ,  H04L63/062 ,  H04L2209/80 ,  H04L2463/062 ,  H04W12/02

    摘要： Described herein is a context-free protocol (i.e., the COFFEE protocol) for stimulating cooperation among selfish nodes. Various embodiments have the ability to transmit a packet over the path successfully without the dependency on the information of other packets' transmissions. It is assumed that every node in the network is rational, and therefore during the packet forwarding stage, if the intermediate nodes can not clearly tell whether the packet is destined to them or not, they do not simply drop the packet. Thus, in the COFFEE protocol, by introducing several techniques, for a packet received by a node, the node thinks the packet could potentially be destined to itself and forwards the packet to find out the answer. Detailed analysis and performance evaluations have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the COFFEE protocol.

    摘要翻译： 这里描述了用于刺激自私节点之间的协作的无上下文协议（即，COFFEE协议）。 各种实施例具有在路径上成功传送分组的能力，而不依赖于其他分组传输的信息。 假设网络中的每个节点都是合理的，因此在分组转发阶段，如果中间节点不能清楚地知道分组是否指定给它们，则它们不会简单地丢弃分组。 因此，在COFFEE协议中，通过引入几种技术，对于由节点接收的分组，节点认为分组可能潜在地注定到自身并转发分组以找出答案。 已经进行了详细的分析和绩效评估，以证明COFFEE协议的有效性。

    Systems and methods for efficiently compressing and decompressing markup language
    87.
    发明授权
    Systems and methods for efficiently compressing and decompressing markup language 有权
    有效地压缩和解压缩标记语言的系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US07630997B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-12-08

    申请号：US11089193

    申请日：2005-03-23

    申请人： Qian Zhang ,  Yunxin Liu

    发明人： Qian Zhang ,  Yunxin Liu

    IPC分类号： G06F7/00

    CPC分类号： G06F17/2247 ,  H03M7/30 ,  Y10S707/99942

    摘要： Systems and methods for compressing markup language data, such as XML data, are provided that utilize a finite state machine (FSM), which is representative of an XML schema, and a rule file. Information defined in an XML schema is abstracted into a finite state machine (FSM). The rule file ensures that a compressor and de-compressor have consistent FSMs when the compressor and de-compressor for XML data are not in the same location, such as is generally the case for Web Services scenarios or other client/server scenarios. With the rule file, FSMs can thus be be easily stored, transmitted and updated.

    摘要翻译： 提供了用于压缩标记语言数据（例如XML数据）的系统和方法，其利用代表XML模式的有限状态机（FSM）和规则文件。 在XML模式中定义的信息被抽象为有限状态机（FSM）。 当XML数据的压缩器和解压缩器不在同一位置时，规则文件可确保压缩器和解压缩器具有一致的FSM，例如Web服务场景或其他客户端/服务器场景的情况。 通过规则文件，FSM可以方便地存储，传输和更新。

    High efficiency, wet-base, downfired multi-pass water heater
    89.
    发明申请
    High efficiency, wet-base, downfired multi-pass water heater 有权
    高效率，湿碱，低温多功能热水器

    公开(公告)号：US20070181081A1

    公开(公告)日：2007-08-09

    申请号：US11350443

    申请日：2006-02-09

    申请人： Ozzie Missoum ,  Gregory Welk ,  Qian Zhang

    发明人： Ozzie Missoum ,  Gregory Welk ,  Qian Zhang

    IPC分类号： F24H1/00

    CPC分类号： F24H1/206 ,  F24H8/00 ,  Y02B30/102

    摘要： A fuel-fired water heater has a three-pass condensing type heat exchanger disposed within its tank and having a central vertical first pass flue pipe separated into upper and lower portions by an internal dividing structure. Respectively coupled to the upper and lower first pass flue pipe portions are circumferentially spaced series of vertical second and third pass flue pipes which circumscribe the central flue pipe within the tank. During firing of the water heater, combustion gases from a power burner are sequentially forced downwardly through the upper portion of the first pass flue pipe, upwardly through the second pass flue pipes to an upper plenum external to the tank, and then downwardly through the third pass flue pipes and the lower central pipe portion into a bottom plenum external to the tank for discharge from the water heater.

    摘要翻译： 燃料热水器具有设置在其罐内的三通冷凝型热交换器，并具有通过内部分隔结构分离成上部和下部的中央垂直第一通道烟道。 分别耦合到上，下第一通道烟道管部分是圆周间隔的一系列垂直的第二和第三通道烟道管，其围绕罐内的中央烟道管。 在热水器的燃烧期间，来自动力燃烧器的燃烧气体依次被迫向下通过第一通道烟道管的上部，向上通过第二通道烟道管，到罐外部的上部通风室，然后向下通过第三通道 通过烟道管和下中心管部分进入罐外部的底部增压室，以从热水器排出。

    Looped system fuel-fired fluid heating/storage device
    90.
    发明申请
    Looped system fuel-fired fluid heating/storage device 审中-公开
    循环系统燃油流体加热/储存装置

    公开(公告)号：US20070051359A1

    公开(公告)日：2007-03-08

    申请号：US11222350

    申请日：2005-09-08

    申请人： Ozzie Missoum ,  Gregory Welk ,  Qian Zhang ,  Phillip Stephens ,  Jeffrey Haney

    发明人： Ozzie Missoum ,  Gregory Welk ,  Qian Zhang ,  Phillip Stephens ,  Jeffrey Haney

    IPC分类号： F24H3/06

    CPC分类号： F24H1/285 ,  F24H8/00 ,  Y02B30/102

    摘要： A fuel-fired commercial water heater has a three-pass condensing type heat exchanger disposed within its tank and having a vertical flue connected at its lower end to a central collector plenum horizontally circumscribed by an outer plenum to which an exhaust pipe is coupled. A series of vertical tube structures are disposed above and intercommunicate the central and outer collector plenums. The outlet of a fuel burner is coupled to the upper end of the flue and is operative to sequentially flow combustion gases downwardly through the flue into the central collector plenum, upwardly and then downwardly through the tube structures into the outer collector plenum and then outwardly through the exhaust pipe.

    摘要翻译： 燃料式商用热水器具有三通冷凝型热交换器，其设置在其罐内并且具有垂直烟道，其下端连接到由排气管连接到的外部增压室水平外围的中央集气室。 一系列垂直管结构设置在中央和外部集气室的上方并使其相互连通。 燃料燃烧器的出口连接到烟道的上端，并且可操作以将燃烧气体向下顺序地流过烟道进入中央集气室，向上然后向下穿过管结构进入外部集气室，然后向外通过 排气管。