摘要:
An AC Line Filter/Rectifier Module (ACLF/RM) has a metal housing and an outward appearance of a conventional AC line filter, but the ACLF/RM includes circuitry that performs both EMI filtering and line filtering as well as very efficient AC-to-DC rectification. Rectification circuitry within the ACLF/RM rectifies an AC voltage signal received onto AC input module terminals and outputs a rectified version of the AC voltage signal onto DC output module terminals. The rectification circuitry includes at least one low forward voltage rectifier, where the low forward voltage rectifier includes a bipolar transistor and a diode. Inductive components perform both EMI filtering and line filtering as well as current splitting required to drive the bipolar transistors of the low forward voltage rectifiers. Due to the use of the low forward voltage rectifiers, the AC-to-DC conversion is more efficient than would be case were a conventional diode bridge rectifier employed.
摘要:
A sense resistor is placed in series with an output capacitor of a buck converter. The buck converter operates in a discontinuous mode such that there is a dead time in each switching cycle. A control circuit senses a voltage across the sense resistor and thereby generates a first signal ICS. The control circuit detects an offset voltage in ICS, where the offset voltage is the voltage of ICS during the dead time in a first switching cycle. The control circuit level shifts the entire ICS by the offset voltage, thereby generating a second signal ICLS. ICLS has the same waveform as the waveform of the inductor current. In a second cycle, ICLS is used to determine when to turn off the main switch and when the start of the dead time occurs. ICLS and the offset voltage are used together to determine when to turn the main switch on.
摘要:
A rectifier includes a larger Field Effect Transistor (FET1) and a smaller FET (FET2). A sense resistor is in series with FET2's body diode between a cathode terminal and an anode terminal. If the cathode terminal voltage is greater than the voltage on the anode terminal, then body diodes of FETs are reverse biased, the FETs are controlled to be off, and there is no current flow through the rectifier. If, however, the voltage on the anode terminal becomes positive with respect to the cathode terminal, then the body diode of FET2 starts to conduct and there is a voltage drop across the sense resistor. A comparator detects this condition and turns both FETs on. The rectifier is then conductive, so current can flow from the anode terminal, through the larger FET1, and to the cathode terminal, with a small forward voltage drop and without passing across the sense resistor.
摘要:
An AC line filter module includes AC-to-DC rectification circuitry. The rectification circuitry includes four low forward voltage rectifiers coupled together as two high-side rectifiers and two low-side rectifiers, where each low forward voltage rectifier includes an NPN bipolar transistor and a parallel-connected diode. A current splitting pair of inductors splits a return current so that a portion of the current is supplied to the collector of an NPN bipolar transistor that is on, and so that the remainder of the current is supplied to the base of the transistor that is on. Both low-side rectifiers are driven by these current splitting inductors. A pair of base current return diodes provides base current return paths. Due to the use of NPN bipolar transistors and no PNP bipolar transistors, manufacturing cost is reduced and efficiency is improved as compared to an implementation that uses low forward voltage rectifiers having PNP transistors.
摘要:
A press pack module includes a collector module terminal, an emitter module terminal, a gate module terminal, and an auxiliary module terminal. Each IGBT cassette within the module includes a set of shims, two contact pins, and an IGBT die. The first contact pin provides part of a first electrical connection between the gate module terminal and the IGBT gate pad. The second contact pin provides part of a second electrical connection between the auxiliary module terminal and a shim that in turn contacts the IGBT emitter pad. The electrical connection between the auxiliary emitter terminal and each emitter pad of the many IGBTs is a balanced impedance network. The balanced network is not part of the high current path through the module. By supplying a gate drive signal between the gate and auxiliary emitter terminals, simultaneous IGBT turn off in high speed and high current switching conditions is facilitated.
摘要:
A system for driving a multi-stage LED with low distortion and with current proportional to rectified input voltage is disclosed. In an exemplary embodiment, an apparatus includes LED groups connected in series to form an LED string having a first node, a last node, and intermediate nodes. The apparatus also includes current cells having inputs coupled to the nodes and outputs coupled to an output resistor. Each current cell selectively regulates current to flow between its respective input and the output resistor. The apparatus also includes a feedback circuit that generates a plurality of feedback voltages from a voltage level at the output resistor. When a selected current cell is enabled by a selected feedback voltage to regulate a selected current level from its respective input to the output resistor, upstream current cells are disabled by their respective feedback voltages.
摘要:
A chopper stabilized amplifier with synchronous switched capacitor noise filtering is disclosed. In an exemplary embodiment, an apparatus includes a chopper amplifier having an input that receives an input signal and an output that outputs an amplified signal. The chopper amplifier includes an input chopping circuit and an output chopping circuit, where the input and output chopping circuits operate in response to a chop clock. The apparatus also includes a switched capacitor filter having an input that receives the amplified signal and an output that outputs a filtered signal. The switched capacitor filter operates in response to a filter clock. The apparatus also includes a filter timing adjuster that receives a reference voltage and adjusts a phase of the filter clock with respect to the chop clock to reduce chopper noise on that reference voltage.
摘要:
A cellular telephone case has front and back panels. A cellular telephone is coupled to the case by pushing the telephone into the case such that the main dock connector of the telephone engages a plug on the back panel. When the telephone is in this position, a back surface of the telephone is held in place on an inside surface of the back panel. The front panel is hinged so that it folds over and covers the telephone. In this folded position, the upward and outward facing outside surface of the front panel includes an E-ink display, a plurality of photovoltaic cells for charging a rechargeable battery of the case, and several buttons. Image information from the telephone is transferred to the case through the dock connector, and then viewed on the display using energy stored in the battery, even after the telephone has been decoupled from the case.
摘要:
A system for communicating with a host using control signals over a 1-wire interface is disclosed. The system includes a driver coupled to the host by the 1-wire interface. Control signals are transmitted from the host to the driver for decoding by the driver controller. The control signals are pulse width modulation format signals which are interpreted by the driver as binary encoded command mode signals or analog encoded command mode signals, depending upon when the signals are received in relation to a preamble pulse and a post-amble pulse.
摘要:
A Low Forward Voltage Rectifier (LFVR) circuit includes a bipolar transistor, a parallel diode, and a capacitive current splitting network. The LFVR circuit, when it is performing a rectifying function, conducts the forward current from a first node to a second node provided that the voltage from the first node to the second node is adequately positive. The capacitive current splitting network causes a portion of the forward current to be a base current of the bipolar transistor, thereby biasing the transistor so that the forward current experiences a low forward voltage drop across the transistor. The LFVR circuit sees use in as a rectifier in many different types of switching power converters, including in flyback, Cuk, SEPIC, boost, buck-boost, PFC, half-bridge resonant, and full-bridge resonant converters. Due to the low forward voltage drop across the LFVR, converter efficiency is improved.