Abstract:
A new ceramic treatment process and product and, more particularly, a process for forming and treating and shaping and treating of porous skeletal bodies to produce hardened dimensionally stable end products at relatively low temperatures and the resulting materials produced thereby which comprises the steps of treating a porous skeletal body by impregnating the interstices of the porous body with a compound of a metal capable of being converted to an oxide in situ at relatively low temperatures, heating the body so impregnated at temperatures well below normal vitrification to a temperature of at least 600* F. and for a period of time sufficient to convert the compound impregnated therein to an oxide and repeating the impregnation and heating steps until the desired degree of hardness is obtained. The invention further contemplates the forming of the porous body from relatively finely divided materials which may be relatively pure powders, mixtures of powders or impure powders, including additives in the form of discrete particles, fibers, fillers and the like, which powders are molded and bound together or bound together and molded with a binder which may comprise the impregnating compound or other suitable binder prior to treatment.
Abstract:
A new ceramic treatment process and product and, more particularly, a process for forming and treating and shaping and treating of porous skeletal bodies to produce hardened dimensionally stable end products at relatively low temperature and the resulting materials produced thereby which comprises the steps of treating a porous skeletal body by impregnating the interstices of the porous body with a comound of a metal capable of being converted to an oxide in situ at relatively low temperatures, heating the body so impregnated at temperature well below normal vitrification to a temperature of at least 600*F. and for a period of time sufficient to convert the compound impregnated therein to an oxide and repeating the impregnation and heating steps until the desired degree of hardness is obtained.
Abstract:
A new ceramic treatment process and product and, more particularly, a process for treating underfired porous partially vitrified relatively soft machinable refractory ceramic materials to produce hardened dimensionally stable end products at relatively low temperatures and the ceramic materials produced thereby which are suitable for application as bearings for undersea submergence, low temperature bearings for arctic vehicular and machinery applications, precision bearings for space use and liquid metal lubricated systems. The soft ceramics can be machined and shaped in the soft state and hardened by the process of this invention at temperatures well below normal vitrification temperatures with virtually no change in dimensions from the machined untreated ceramic to the treated and hardened end product. The present method comprises impregnating a ceramic oxide body with a solution of a chromium compound and heating the impregnated body to a temperature of at least 1,300*F which heating may precede or be preceded by impregnation and cure cycles of at least 600*F but less than the vitrification temperature of the ceramic oxide to harden the body.
Abstract:
Disclosed are a pair of light intensity detectors spaced apart in range. Included is an arrangement for reflecting light from a target to each detector and maintaining the intensity of the reflected light detected by one detector constant whereby the output signal of the other detector is a measure of range. Included is an arrangement for processing, linearizing and displaying the signal representing target range. The system disclosed employs the method of reflecting electromagnetic energy of varying intensity from a target to maintain the intensity of reflected energy at one position constant while monitoring intensity at a second position to measure range.
Abstract:
A NEW CERAMIC TREATMENT PROCESS AND PRODUCT AND, MORE PARTICULARY, A PROCESS FOR TREATING UNDERFIRED POROUS PARTIALLY VITRIFIED RELATIVELY SOFT MACHINABLE REFRACTORY CERAMIC MATERIALS TO PRODUCE HARDENED DIMENSIONALLY STABLE END PRODUCTS AT RELATIVELY LOW TEMPERATURES AND THE CERMAMIC MATERIALS PRODUCED THEREBY WHICH ARE SUITABLE FOR APPLICATION AS BEARINGS FOR UNDERSEA SUBMERGENCE, LOW TEMPERATURE BEARINGS FOR ARCTIC VEHICULAR AND MACHINERY APPLICATIONS, PRECISION BEARINGS FOR SPACE USE AND LIQUID METAL LUBRICATE SYSTEMS. THE SOFT CERAMICS CAN BE MACHINED AND SHAPED IN THE SOFT STATE AND HARDENED BY THE PROCESS OF THIS INVENTION AT TEMPERATURES WELL BELOW NORMAL VITRIFICATION TEMPERATURES WITH VIRTUALLY NO CHANGE IN DIMENSIONS FROM THE MACHINED UNTREATED CERAMIC TO THE TREATED AND HARDENED END PRODUCT. OTHER PRODUCTS PRODUCED BY THE PROCESS OF THIS INVENTION PRODUCE ARTICLES HAVING A VERY DENSE SURFACE CAPABLE OF TAKING A HIGH POLISH AND OTHER PRODUCTS HAVE RESULTED IN AN ABRASIVE OR POLISHING STONE HAVING SUPERIOR QUALITIES TO THOSE OF THE ARKANSAS STONES IN RESPECT TO BOTH SPEED OF METAL REMOVAL AND DEGREE OF POLISHING OR SHARPENING. IN ADDITION, OCARSER OR FINER GRADES ARE OBTAINABLE COMPARED TO A SINGLE GRADE OF ARKANSAS STONE. OTHER PRODUCTS PRODUCED BY THIS PROCESS HAVE NEGATIVE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS BECOMING VERY GOOD ELECTRICAL AND HEAT CONDUCTORS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES.
Abstract:
A new ceramic treatment process and product and, more particularly, a process for forming and treating and shaping and treating of porous skeletal bodies to produce hardened dimensionally stable end products at relatively low temperatures and the resulting materials produced thereby which comprises the steps of treating a porous skeletal body by impregnating the interstices of the porous body with a compound of a metal capable of being converted to an oxide in situ at relatively low temperatures, heating the body so impregnated at temperatures well below normal vitrification to a temperature of at least 600° F. and for a period of time sufficient to convert the compound impregnated therein to an oxide and repeating the impregnation and heating steps until the desired degree of hardness is obtained. The invention further contemplates the forming of the porous body from relatively finely divided materials which may be relatively pure powders, mixtures of powders or impure powders, including additives in the form of discrete particles, fibers, fillers and the like, which powders are molded and bound together or bound together and molded with a binder which may comprise the impregnating compound or other suitable binder prior to treatment.
Abstract:
A cable for high frequency use in an environment with high and varying thermal changes whereby the thermal expansion of the cable is controlled by having a highly electrically conductive metal bonded to a metal of low coefficient of thermal expansion relative to the high electrically conductive metal. This is accomplished by providing a thin layer of highly electrically conductive metal over an inner core of a metal of low coefficient of thermal expansion. The cable can also utilize a similar bonded metal configuration for an outer concentric conductive sheath having a mineral dielectric between conductors that also has a low coefficient of thermal expansion.
Abstract:
Apparatus for ionizing gases at very low pressures comprising inner and outer electrodes wherein the inner electrode is substantially circular in cross section and the outer electrode surrounding the inner electrode may be other than a figure of revolution or may be eccentrically positioned with respect to the inner electrode which inner electrode is less in length than two times the length of the surrounding outer electrode and is spaced therefrom a distance which is greater than the diameter of the inner electrode for a distance of not less than two-thirds the length of the surrounding outer electrode.