摘要:
A system is provided for supplying reductants to an emission treatment unit. The system comprises a fuel tank adapted to directly or indirectly supply a first premixed fuel stream and a second premixed fuel stream, wherein each fuel stream comprises a primary fuel component and an oxygenate reductant component. An engine is in fluid communication with the fuel tank, wherein the engine is configured to receive the first premixed fuel stream and create an exhaust stream. The system further includes an emission treatment unit to treat the exhaust stream. A separation unit is configured to receive the second premixed fuel stream, separate the second premixed fuel stream into a first fraction stream and a second fraction stream, and supply the first fraction stream to the emission treatment unit, wherein the first fraction stream comprises a higher concentration of the oxygenate reductant component than the second fraction stream.
摘要:
A system is provided for supplying reductants to an emission treatment unit. The system comprises a fuel tank adapted to directly or indirectly supply a first premixed fuel stream and a second premixed fuel stream, wherein each fuel stream comprises a primary fuel component and an oxygenate reductant component. An engine is in fluid communication with the fuel tank, wherein the engine is configured to receive the first premixed fuel stream and create an exhaust stream. The system further includes an emission treatment unit to treat the exhaust stream. A separation unit is configured to receive the second premixed fuel stream, separate the second premixed fuel stream into a first fraction stream and a second fraction stream, and supply the first fraction stream to the emission treatment unit, wherein the first fraction stream comprises a higher concentration of the oxygenate reductant component than the second fraction stream. The invention further provides a method for supplying reductants to an emission treatment unit including supplying a first premixed fuel stream to an engine, wherein the engine is configured to create an exhaust stream. A second premixed fuel stream is supplied to a separation unit, wherein the first and second premixed fuel streams each comprise an oxygenate reductant component and a primary fuel component. At least a portion of the second premixed fuel stream is separated into a first fraction stream and a second fraction stream via the separation unit, wherein the first fraction stream comprises a higher concentration of the oxygenate reductant component than the second fraction stream, and supplying the first fraction stream to an emission treatment unit to treat the exhaust stream.
摘要:
A method, a computer program product, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus determines an availability of a wireless wide area network (WWAN) subframe, and utilizes the WWAN subframe for peer-to-peer communication when the WWAN subframe is available. Accordingly, peer mobile terminals or devices may establish direct peer-to-peer links for communicating small amounts of information without affecting the quality of existing WWAN communications. In the wireless wide area network (WWAN) scenario, communication between mobile terminals is facilitated through uplink/downlink channels between the mobile terminals and a base station (i.e., WWAN link). Therefore, for various types of applications, an efficient means of communicating a small amount of information frequently is provided that does not require large amounts of signaling overhead.
摘要:
A radio frequency (RF) transmitter including at least one digital signal processing module is described. The at least one digital signal processing module is arranged to receive a complex digital input signal, successively apply pre-distortion to the received complex digital input signal with a progressively finer granularity, simultaneously progressively increase a sampling rate of the received complex digital input signal, and output a first, in-phase digital control word and a second, quadrature, digital control word for controlling at least one digital power amplifier component to generate an RF signal representative of the received complex digital input signal.
摘要:
A method, an apparatus, and a computer program product are provided in which at least one of a peer-to-peer transmit power or a peer-to-peer duty cycle is adjusted based on at least one of a path loss to a serving base station or a path loss to at least one neighboring base station. In addition, a peer-to-peer signal is sent with the peer-to-peer transmit power or the peer-to-peer duty cycle.
摘要:
The invention relates to an integrated measurement system to detect a quantity of magnetic particles in a sample. The measurement system includes a substrate. An electromagnetic (EM) structure disposed on the surface of the substrate is configured to receive a sample including the magnetic particles in proximity thereof. The integrated measurement system also includes an electrical current generator disposed on the surface of the substrate which is electro-magnetically coupled to the EM structure. The electrical current generator is configured to cause an electrical current to flow in the EM structure. The integrated measurement system also includes an effective inductance sensor disposed on the surface of the substrate which is configured to measure a selected one of an effective inductance and a change in effective inductance. The invention also relates to a method to determine the number of and/or the locations of the magnetic particles in a sample.
摘要:
Compositions, methods and a kit are described relating to a novel family of enzymes which preferentially bind to a hydroxymethylated cytosine or a glucosylated hydroxymethylated cytosine and cleave double-stranded DNA at a defined distance 3′ of the recognition site to produce a cleavage fragment with a 1-3 base overhang.
摘要:
Pharmaceutical compositions of topiramate for once-a-day oral administration are provided. The formulations comprise a sustained-release component and an optional immediate-release component, the compositions of which can be selectively adjusted, respectively, to release the active ingredient along a pre-determined release profile. Method of treating or preventing pathological disorders in mammalian subjects comprising the administration of the novel formulations disclosed herein is also provided.
摘要:
Disclosed are CMOS-based devices for switching radio frequency (RF) signals and methods for biasing such devices. In certain RF devices such as mobile phones, providing different amplification modes can yield performance advantages. For example, a capability to transmit at low and high power modes typically results in an extended battery life, since the high power mode can be activated only when needed. Switching between such amplification modes can be facilitated by one or more switches formed in an integrated circuit and configured to route RF signal to different amplification paths. In certain embodiments, such RF switches can be formed as CMOS devices, and can be based on triple-well structures. In certain embodiments, an isolated well of such a triple-well structure can be provided with different bias voltages for on and off states of the switch to yield desired performance features during switching of amplification modes.
摘要:
A scalable and ultrasensitive frequency-shift magnetic array scheme. The theoretical limit of the sensor noise floor is shown to be dominated by the phase noise of the sensing oscillators. To increase the sensitivity, a noise suppression technique, Correlated Double Counting (CDC), is described with no power overhead. As an implementation example, a 64-cell sensor array is designed in a standard 65 nm CMOS process. The CDC scheme achieves an additional 6 dB noise suppression. The magnetic sensing capability of the presented sensor is verified by detecting micron size magnetic particles with an SNR of 14.6 dB for a single bead and an effective dynamic range of at least 74.5 dB. Applications in biosensing are contemplated, among other possible uses. Measurement of electrical properties is also contemplated.