公开(公告)号：US09891584B2

公开(公告)日：2018-02-13

申请号：US14839738

申请日：2015-08-28

申请人： Bosheng Zhang ,  Matthew D. Seaberg ,  Daniel E. Adams ,  Henry C. Kapteyn ,  Margaret M. Murnane

发明人： Bosheng Zhang ,  Matthew D. Seaberg ,  Daniel E. Adams ,  Henry C. Kapteyn ,  Margaret M. Murnane

IPC分类号： H04N19/124 ,  G01N23/20 ,  G01N23/2055 ,  G03H1/04 ,  G02B21/00 ,  G02B27/42 ,  G03H1/16 ,  G03F7/20 ,  G03F1/84 ,  G01N23/205 ,  H04N19/109 ,  G03H1/00 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/956

CPC分类号： G03H1/0443 ,  G01N21/4788 ,  G01N23/20 ,  G01N23/2055 ,  G01N2021/95676 ,  G01N2223/33 ,  G01N2223/345 ,  G01N2223/611 ,  G01N2223/6116 ,  G02B21/0016 ,  G02B27/4205 ,  G03F1/84 ,  G03F7/70625 ,  G03H1/0465 ,  G03H1/0866 ,  G03H1/16 ,  G03H2001/005 ,  G03H2001/0445 ,  G03H2001/0447 ,  G03H2001/045 ,  G03H2001/0456 ,  G03H2001/0473 ,  G03H2001/0825 ,  G03H2240/62 ,  G21K7/00 ,  G21K2207/005

摘要： Apparatus and methods for coherent diffractive imaging with arbitrary angle of illumination incidence utilize a method of fast remapping of a detected diffraction intensity pattern from a detector pixel array (initial grid) to a uniform spatial frequency grid (final grid) chosen to allow for FFT on the remapped pattern. This is accomplished by remapping the initial grid to an intermediate grid chosen to result in a final grid that is linear in spatial frequency. The initial grid is remapped (generally by interpolation) to the intermediate grid that is calculated to correspond to the final grid. In general, the initial grid (x,y) is uniform in space, the intermediate grid ({tilde over (x)},{tilde over (y)}) is non-uniform in spatial frequency, and the final grid ({tilde over (f)}x,{tilde over (f)}y) is uniform in spatial frequency.

公开(公告)号：US20160187849A1

公开(公告)日：2016-06-30

申请号：US14839738

申请日：2015-08-28

申请人： Bosheng Zhang ,  Matthew D. Seaberg ,  Daniel E. Adams ,  Henry C. Kapteyn ,  Margaret M. Murnane

发明人： Bosheng Zhang ,  Matthew D. Seaberg ,  Daniel E. Adams ,  Henry C. Kapteyn ,  Margaret M. Murnane

IPC分类号： G03H1/04 ,  G03H1/16

CPC分类号： G03H1/0443 ,  G01N21/4788 ,  G01N23/20 ,  G01N23/2055 ,  G01N2021/95676 ,  G01N2223/33 ,  G01N2223/345 ,  G01N2223/611 ,  G01N2223/6116 ,  G02B21/0016 ,  G02B27/4205 ,  G03F1/84 ,  G03F7/70625 ,  G03H1/0465 ,  G03H1/0866 ,  G03H1/16 ,  G03H2001/005 ,  G03H2001/0445 ,  G03H2001/0447 ,  G03H2001/045 ,  G03H2001/0456 ,  G03H2001/0473 ,  G03H2001/0825 ,  G03H2240/62 ,  G21K7/00 ,  G21K2207/005

摘要： Apparatus and methods for coherent diffractive imaging with arbitrary angle of illumination incidence utilize a method of fast remapping of a detected diffraction intensity pattern from a detector pixel array (initial grid) to a uniform spatial frequency grid (final grid) chosen to allow for FFT on the remapped pattern. This is accomplished by remapping the initial grid to an intermediate grid chosen to result in a final grid that is linear in spatial frequency. The initial grid is remapped (generally by interpolation) to the intermediate grid that is calculated to correspond to the final grid. In general, the initial grid (x,y) is uniform in space, the intermediate grid ({tilde over (x)},{tilde over (y)}) is non-uniform in spatial frequency, and the final grid ({tilde over (f)}x,{tilde over (f)}y) is uniform in spatial frequency.

摘要翻译： 用于具有任意角度的照射入射的相干衍射成像的装置和方法利用将检测到的衍射强度图案从检测器像素阵列（初始栅格）快速重新映射到选择为允许FFT的均匀空间频率网格（最终网格）的方法 重映射模式。 这是通过将初始网格重新映射到选择的中间网格来实现的，以产生在空间频率中是线性的最终网格。 将初始网格重新映射（通常通过内插）到计算为对应于最终网格的中间网格。 通常，初始网格（x，y）在空间上是均匀的，中间网格（{tilde over（x）}，{tilde over（y）}）在空间频率上是不均匀的，并且最终网格（{ （f）} x，{tilde over（f）} y）的波浪号在空间频率上是均匀的。

公开(公告)号：US20110007772A1

公开(公告)日：2011-01-13

申请号：US12765859

申请日：2010-04-22

申请人： Tenio V. Popmintchev ,  Ming-Chang Chen ,  Alon Bahabad ,  Margaret M. Murnane ,  Henry C. Kapteyn

发明人： Tenio V. Popmintchev ,  Ming-Chang Chen ,  Alon Bahabad ,  Margaret M. Murnane ,  Henry C. Kapteyn

IPC分类号： H05G2/00 ,  H01S3/22

CPC分类号： H05G2/00 ,  G02F1/353 ,  G02F1/3544 ,  G02F2001/354

摘要： Phase-matched high-order harmonic generation of soft and hard X-rays is accomplished using infrared driving lasers in a high-pressure non-linear medium. The pressure of the non-linear medium is increased to multi-atmospheres and a mid-IR (or higher) laser device provides the driving pulse. Based on this scaling, also a general method for global optimization of the flux of phase-matched high-order harmonic generation at a desired wavelength is designed.

摘要翻译： 使用高压非线性介质中的红外驱动激光器实现软和硬X射线的相位匹配高次谐波产生。 非线性介质的压力增加到多个大气压，中红外（或更高）的激光器件提供驱动脉冲。 基于该比例，还设计了在期望波长处的相位匹配高次谐波生成的通量的全局优化的一般方法。

公开(公告)号：US20150063385A1

公开(公告)日：2015-03-05

申请号：US14477853

申请日：2014-09-04

申请人： Tenio V. Popmintchev ,  Dimitar V. Popmintchev ,  Margaret M. Murnane ,  Henry C. Kapteyn

发明人： Tenio V. Popmintchev ,  Dimitar V. Popmintchev ,  Margaret M. Murnane ,  Henry C. Kapteyn

IPC分类号： H01S3/109 ,  H01S3/104

CPC分类号： G02F1/353 ,  G02F1/3544 ,  G02F1/355 ,  G02F2001/354

摘要： A method for extending and enhancing bright coherent high-order harmonic generation into the VUV-EUV-X-ray regions of the spectrum involves a way of accomplishing phase matching or effective phase matching of extreme upconversion of laser light at high conversion efficiency, approaching 10−3 in some spectral regions, and at significantly higher photon energies in a waveguide geometry, in a self-guiding geometry, a gas cell, or a loosely focusing geometry, containing nonlinear medium. The extension and enhancement of the coherent VUV, EUV, X-ray emission to high photon energies relies on using VUV-UV-VIS lasers of shorter wavelength. This leads to enhancement of macroscopic phase matching parameters due to stronger contribution of linear and nonlinear dispersion of both atoms and ions, combined with a strong microscopic single-atom yield.

摘要翻译： 在光谱的VUV-EUV-X射线区域中扩展和增强亮相干高次谐波的方法涉及到以高转换效率实现激光的极端上变频的相位匹配或有效相位匹配的方法，接近10 -3，并且在波导几何形状中的显着更高的光子能量，包含非线性介质的自引导几何形状，气体单元或松散聚焦几何形状。 将相干VUV，EUV，X射线发射到高光子能量的扩展和增强依赖于使用较短波长的VUV-UV-VIS激光器。 这导致宏观相位匹配参数的增强，原因和原子离子的线性和非线性色散的贡献较强，结合强大的单原子产量。

公开(公告)号：US08462824B2

公开(公告)日：2013-06-11

申请号：US12765859

申请日：2010-04-22

申请人： Tenio V. Popmintchev ,  Ming-Chang Chen ,  Alon Bahabad ,  Margaret M. Murnane ,  Henry C. Kapteyn

发明人： Tenio V. Popmintchev ,  Ming-Chang Chen ,  Alon Bahabad ,  Margaret M. Murnane ,  Henry C. Kapteyn

IPC分类号： H01S3/10

CPC分类号： H05G2/00 ,  G02F1/353 ,  G02F1/3544 ,  G02F2001/354

摘要： Phase-matched high-order harmonic generation of soft and hard X-rays is accomplished using infrared driving lasers in a high-pressure non-linear medium. The pressure of the non-linear medium is increased to multi-atmospheres and a mid-IR (or higher) laser device provides the driving pulse. Based on this scaling, also a general method for global optimization of the flux of phase-matched high-order harmonic generation at a desired wavelength is designed.

摘要翻译： 使用高压非线性介质中的红外驱动激光器实现软和硬X射线的相位匹配高次谐波产生。 非线性介质的压力增加到多个大气压，中红外（或更高）的激光器件提供驱动脉冲。 基于该比例，还设计了在期望波长处的相位匹配高次谐波生成的通量的全局优化的一般方法。

公开(公告)号：US07830928B2

公开(公告)日：2010-11-09

申请号：US11888916

申请日：2007-08-02

申请人： Xiaoshi Zhang ,  Amy L. Lytle ,  Oren Cohen ,  Henry C. Kapteyn ,  Margaret M. Murnane

发明人： Xiaoshi Zhang ,  Amy L. Lytle ,  Oren Cohen ,  Henry C. Kapteyn ,  Margaret M. Murnane

IPC分类号： H01S3/10

CPC分类号： H01S4/00 ,  H05G2/003 ,  H05G2/008

摘要： All-optical quasi-phase matching (QPM) uses a train of counterpropagating pulses to enhance high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in a hollow waveguide. A pump pulse enters one end of the waveguide, and causes HHG in the waveguide. The counterpropagation pulses enter the other end of the waveguide and interact with the pump pulses to cause QPM within the waveguide, enhancing the HHG.

摘要翻译： 全光准相位匹配（QPM）使用一系列反向传播脉冲来增强中空波导中的高次谐波产生（HHG）。 泵浦脉冲进入波导的一端，并在波导中引起HHG。 反向传播脉冲进入波导的另一端并与泵浦脉冲相互作用以引起波导内的QPM，从而增强了HHG。

公开(公告)号：US6151155A

公开(公告)日：2000-11-21

申请号：US124563

申请日：1998-07-29

申请人： Charles G. Durfee, III ,  Andrew Rundquist ,  Henry C. Kapteyn ,  Margaret M. Murnane

发明人： Charles G. Durfee, III ,  Andrew Rundquist ,  Henry C. Kapteyn ,  Margaret M. Murnane

IPC分类号： G02F1/35 ,  G02F1/365

CPC分类号： G02F1/365 ,  G02F1/3544

摘要： Methods and apparatus are disclosed for the nonlinear generation of sum and difference frequencies of electromagnetic radiation propagating in a nonlinear material. A waveguide having a waveguide cavity contains the nonlinear material. Phase matching of the nonlinear generation is obtained by adjusting a waveguide propagation constant, the refractive index of the nonlinear material, or the waveguide mode in which the radiation propagates. Phase matching can be achieved even in isotropic nonlinear materials. A short-wavelength radiation source uses phase-matched nonlinear generation in a waveguide to produce high harmonics of a pulsed laser.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于在非线性材料中传播的电磁辐射的和频差的非线性生成的方法和装置。 具有波导腔的波导包含非线性材料。 通过调整波导传播常数，非线性材料的折射率或辐射传播的波导模式，获得非线性生成的相位匹配。 即使在各向同性非线性材料中也可以实现相位匹配。 短波长辐射源在波导中使用相位匹配的非线性生成来产生脉冲激光器的高次谐波。

公开(公告)号：US5644424A

公开(公告)日：1997-07-01

申请号：US619275

申请日：1996-03-18

申请人： Sterling Backus ,  Henry C. Kapteyn ,  Margaret M. Murnane

发明人： Sterling Backus ,  Henry C. Kapteyn ,  Margaret M. Murnane

IPC分类号： H01S3/23 ,  H01S3/00

CPC分类号： H01S3/2325 ,  H01S3/0057

摘要： Laser amplifiers and methods for amplifying a laser beam are disclosed. A representative embodiment of the amplifier comprises first and second curved mirrors, a gain medium, a third mirror, and a mask. The gain medium is situated between the first and second curved mirrors at the focal point of each curved mirror. The first curved mirror directs and focuses a laser beam to pass through the gain medium to the second curved mirror which reflects and recollimates the laser beam. The gain medium amplifies and shapes the laser beam as the laser beam passes therethough. The third mirror reflects the laser beam, reflected from the second curved mirror, so that the laser beam bypasses the gain medium and return to the first curved mirror, thereby completing a cycle of a ring traversed by the laser beam. The mask defines at least one beam-clipping aperture through which the laser beam passes during a cycle. The gain medium is pumped, preferably using a suitable pumping laser. The laser amplifier can be used to increase the energy of continuous-wave or, especially, pulsed laser beams including pulses of femtosecond duration and relatively high pulse rate.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于放大激光束的激光放大器和方法。 放大器的代表性实施例包括第一和第二曲面镜，增益介质，第三镜和掩模。 增益介质位于每个弯曲镜的焦点处的第一和第二曲面镜之间。 第一曲面镜引导和聚焦激光束以将增益介质传递到第二曲面镜，该反射镜反射并重新校准激光束。 当激光束通过时，增益介质放大并成形激光束。 第三反射镜反射从第二弯曲镜反射的激光束，使得激光束绕过增益介质并返回到第一弯曲镜，从而完成由激光束穿过的环的周期。 掩模限定了至少一个光束剪切孔径，激光束在一个周期期间通过该孔径。 增益介质被泵送，优选地使用合适的泵浦激光器。 激光放大器可用于增加连续波的能量，特别是脉冲激光束，包括飞秒持续时间脉冲和相对较高的脉冲速率。

公开(公告)号：US20080137696A1

公开(公告)日：2008-06-12

申请号：US11888916

申请日：2007-08-02

申请人： Xiaoshi Zhang ,  Amy L. Lytle ,  Oren Cohen ,  Henry C. Kapteyn ,  Margaret M. Murnane

发明人： Xiaoshi Zhang ,  Amy L. Lytle ,  Oren Cohen ,  Henry C. Kapteyn ,  Margaret M. Murnane

IPC分类号： H01S3/10

CPC分类号： H01S4/00 ,  H05G2/003 ,  H05G2/008

摘要： All-optical quasi-phase matching (QPM) uses a train of counterpropagating pulses to enhance high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in a hollow waveguide. A pump pulse enters one end of the waveguide, and causes HHG in the waveguide. The counterpropagation pulses enter the other end of the waveguide and interact with the pump pulses to cause QPM within the waveguide, enhancing the HHG.

摘要翻译： 全光准相位匹配（QPM）使用一系列反向传播脉冲来增强中空波导中的高次谐波产生（HHG）。 泵浦脉冲进入波导的一端，并在波导中引起HHG。 反向传播脉冲进入波导的另一端并与泵浦脉冲相互作用以引起波导内的QPM，从而增强HHG。

公开(公告)号：US06804287B2

公开(公告)日：2004-10-12

申请号：US10062584

申请日：2002-02-02

申请人： Sterling J. Backus ,  Henry C. Kapteyn ,  Margaret Mary Murnane

发明人： Sterling J. Backus ,  Henry C. Kapteyn ,  Margaret Mary Murnane

IPC分类号： H01S3091

CPC分类号： H01S3/235 ,  H01S3/0057 ,  H01S3/0064 ,  H01S3/025 ,  H01S3/0407 ,  H01S3/042 ,  H01S3/083 ,  H01S3/094038 ,  H01S3/2308 ,  H01S3/2325

摘要： A laser amplifier system amplifies pulses in a single “stage” from ˜10−9 joules to more than 10−3 joules, with average power of 1-10 watts, and beam quality M2

摘要翻译： 激光放大器系统将单个“阶段”中的脉冲从〜10 -9焦耳放大到大于10 -3焦耳，平均功率为1-10瓦，波束质量M 2 <2。 将激光介质冷却至低于室温，作为改善介质的光学和热特性的手段。 这是通过密封，抽真空或清洗的电池中的介质进行的，以避免水分或其他材料在表面上凝结。 来自单独激光器的“种子”脉冲以包括单通，多通和再生放大器配置的各种配置中的任何一种通过激光介质一次或多次。