摘要:
A method for operating a charged particle beam emitting device and, in particular, an electron beam emitting device including a cold field emitter is provided. The method includes the steps of placing the cold field emitter in a vacuum of a given pressure, the emitter exhibiting a high initial emission current I0 and a lower stable mean emission current IS under a given electric extraction field; applying the given electric extraction field to the emitter for emitting electrons from the emitter surface; performing a cleaning process by applying at least one heating pulse to the cold field emitter for heating the emitter surface, whereby the cleaning process is performed before the emission current of the cold field emitter has declined to the lower stable mean emission value IS; and repeating the cleaning process to keep the emission current of the emitter continuously above the substantially stable emission value IS.
摘要:
A method for operating a charged particle beam emitting device and, in particular, an electron beam emitting device including a cold field emitter is provided. The method includes the steps of placing the cold field emitter in a vacuum of a given pressure, the emitter exhibiting a high initial emission current I0 and a lower stable mean emission current IS under a given electric extraction field; applying the given electric extraction field to the emitter for emitting electrons from the emitter surface; performing a cleaning process by applying at least one heating pulse to the cold field emitter for heating the emitter surface, whereby the cleaning process is performed before the emission current of the cold field emitter has declined to the lower stable mean emission value IS; and repeating the cleaning process to keep the emission current of the emitter continuously above the substantially stable emission value IS.
摘要翻译:提供了一种用于操作带电粒子束发射器件的方法,特别是包括冷场发射器的电子束发射器件。 该方法包括以下步骤:将冷场发射器置于给定压力的真空中,发射体表现出高的初始发射电流I 0和较低的稳定平均发射电流I S, 在给定的电提取场下; 将给定的电提取场施加到发射器以从发射器表面发射电子; 通过对冷场发射器施加至少一个加热脉冲来加热发射体表面来执行清洁处理,由此在冷场发射器的发射电流已经下降到较低的稳定平均发光值I < S 并且重复该清洁处理以将发射器的发射电流连续地保持在基本上稳定的发射值I S S以上。
摘要:
A field emitter arrangement and a method of cleaning an emitting surface of a field emitter are provided. The field emitter arrangement may include a field emitter tip having an emitting surface, wherein said field emitter tip is adapted to generate a primary beam of charged particles, and at least one electron source adapted to illuminate the emitting surface of the field emitter tip. The method of cleaning the emitting surface may include providing the field emitter having the emitting surface and at least one electron source adapted to illuminate the emitting surface and illuminating the emitting surface of the field emitter with a cleansing electron beam generated by the at least one electron source.
摘要:
An electron beam apparatus and a method for providing an energy-filtered primary electron beam are described. Therein, a primary electron beam having an asymmetric first energy distribution is generated by means of an electron source. The primary electron beam is high-pass energy filtered using a retarding lens.
摘要:
A charged particle beam device is described. The charged particle beam device includes an emitter adapted for emitting a primary charged particle beam, a specimen location adapted for holding a specimen, from which secondary and/or backscattered charged particles are released on impingement of the primary charged particle beam, a detection unit adapted for detecting the secondary particles and/or secondary particles, and a beam guiding unit adapted for guiding the primary charged particle beam to the detection unit for impingement of a primary charged particle beam on the detection unit.
摘要:
A charged particle beam apparatus and a method for measuring an emission pattern of such an apparatus are provided. The apparatus comprises an emitter with an emission pattern including at least two emission peaks, a gun lens, and a diaphragm, wherein the gun lens comprises a deflector unit and the deflector unit is adapted to direct an emission peak of the at least two emission peaks to an opening of the diaphragm to thereby select the emission peak of the at least two emission peaks from the emission pattern.
摘要:
The invention provides stable controlled release monolithic coating compositions for use in coating pharmaceutical oral dosage forms comprising a polyglycol having a melting point greater than 55° C. and an aqueous dispersion of a neutral ester copolymer lacking functional groups.
摘要:
A charged particle beam emitting device includes at least two charged particle beam guns, each of the at least two charged particle beam guns having a separate charged particle emitter with an emitting surface for emitting a respective charged particle beam. The charged particle beam emitting device further includes an aperture element comprising at least one aperture opening and a deflector unit. The deflector unit is adapted for alternatively directing the charged particle beams of the at least two charged particle beam guns on the at least one aperture opening so that, at the same time, one of the at least two charged particle beams is directed on the aperture opening while the respective other charged particle beam of the at least two charged particle beams is deflected from the aperture opening by the deflector unit. At the same time, only one of the two charged particle beam guns is used so that the temporarily unused charged particle beam gun can be subjected to a cleaning procedure. This ensures that the emitting surfaces of both charged particle beam guns can be alternatively and frequently cleaned with minimum interruption of the operation of the charged particle beam device.
摘要:
The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions, formulations and medicaments comprising a bupropion salt, in particular, modified-release tablets comprising an effective amount of bupropion hydrobromide, and the use of the bupropion salt to prepare a medicament to treat a condition.
摘要:
The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions, formulations and medicaments comprising a bupropion salt, in particular, modified-release tablets comprising an effective amount of bupropion hydrobromide, and the use of the bupropion salt to prepare a medicament to treat a condition.