公开(公告)号：US20140262255A1

公开(公告)日：2014-09-18

申请号：US14167892

申请日：2014-01-29

申请人： Gary F. Teletzke ,  Jasper L. Dickson ,  Preeti Kamakoti ,  Stuart R. Keller ,  William B. Maze ,  Peter G. Smith, JR. ,  Yitian Xiao

发明人： Gary F. Teletzke ,  Jasper L. Dickson ,  Preeti Kamakoti ,  Stuart R. Keller ,  William B. Maze ,  Peter G. Smith, JR. ,  Yitian Xiao

IPC分类号： E21B43/16

CPC分类号： C09K8/508 ,  C09K8/5045 ,  C09K8/516 ,  C09K8/594 ,  C09K2208/10 ,  E21B43/164 ,  E21B43/166 ,  Y02P90/70

摘要： A method for recovering oil from a subterranean, hydrocarbon-bearing formation includes at least one injection well and injecting a carrier fluid including a diverting agent into a high permeability pathway within the formation. An activating fluid is injected into the high permeability pathway within the formation, resulting in the precipitation or swelling of the diverting agent. The permeability of the high permeability pathway is decreased within the formation containing the diverting agent to a permeability less than the permeability of the adjacent areas of the formation. The carrier fluid may have a predetermined residence time within the formation prior to injecting an activating fluid; the step of injecting a carrier fluid comprising a diverting agent and injecting an activating fluid may be repeated. A mineralization fluid may be injected that is oversaturated or becomes oversaturated upon interacting with the acid gas that causes mineral precipitation to seal off high-permeability pathways.

摘要翻译： 从地下含烃地层中回收油的方法包括至少一个注入井，并将包含转移剂的载体流体注入地层内的高渗透性路径。 激活流体被注入到地层内的高渗透性通路中，导致转移剂的沉淀或溶胀。 在含有转向剂的地层中，高渗透性通道的渗透性降低到渗透率小于地层相邻区域的渗透率。 载体流体可以在注入活化流体之前在地层内具有预定的停留时间; 可以重复注入包含转移剂并注射活化流体的载体流体的步骤。 可以注入矿化流体，其过饱和或与酸性气体相互作用而变得过饱和，导致矿物沉淀以密封高渗透性通路。

公开(公告)号：US09644134B2

公开(公告)日：2017-05-09

申请号：US14167892

申请日：2014-01-29

申请人： Gary F. Teletzke ,  Jasper L. Dickson ,  Preeti Kamakoti ,  Stuart R. Keller ,  William B. Maze ,  Peter G. Smith, Jr. ,  Yitian Xiao

发明人： Gary F. Teletzke ,  Jasper L. Dickson ,  Preeti Kamakoti ,  Stuart R. Keller ,  William B. Maze ,  Peter G. Smith, Jr. ,  Yitian Xiao

IPC分类号： E21B43/16 ,  C09K8/508 ,  C09K8/594 ,  C09K8/504 ,  C09K8/516

CPC分类号： C09K8/508 ,  C09K8/5045 ,  C09K8/516 ,  C09K8/594 ,  C09K2208/10 ,  E21B43/164 ,  E21B43/166 ,  Y02P90/70

摘要： A method for recovering oil from a subterranean, hydrocarbon-bearing formation includes at least one injection well and injecting a carrier fluid including a diverting agent into a high permeability pathway within the formation. An activating fluid is injected into the high permeability pathway within the formation, resulting in the precipitation or swelling of the diverting agent. The permeability of the high permeability pathway is decreased within the formation containing the diverting agent to a permeability less than the permeability of the adjacent areas of the formation. A mineralization fluid may be injected that is oversaturated or becomes oversaturated upon interacting with the acid gas that causes mineral precipitation to seal off high-permeability pathways.

公开(公告)号：US10047304B2

公开(公告)日：2018-08-14

申请号：US14966071

申请日：2015-12-11

申请人： Paul Podsiadlo ,  Quanchang Li ,  David Charles Calabro ,  Jean Willem Lodewijk Beeckman ,  Lei Zhang ,  Kiara M. Benitez ,  Matthew Scott Ide ,  Stephen John McCarthy ,  Mobae Afeworki ,  Simon Christopher Weston ,  Preeti Kamakoti ,  Matu J. Shah ,  Wenyih Frank Lai ,  Meghan Nines ,  David A. Griffin ,  Ivy D. Johnson

发明人： Paul Podsiadlo ,  Quanchang Li ,  David Charles Calabro ,  Jean Willem Lodewijk Beeckman ,  Lei Zhang ,  Kiara M. Benitez ,  Matthew Scott Ide ,  Stephen John McCarthy ,  Mobae Afeworki ,  Simon Christopher Weston ,  Preeti Kamakoti ,  Matu J. Shah ,  Wenyih Frank Lai ,  Meghan Nines ,  David A. Griffin ,  Ivy D. Johnson

IPC分类号： C10G45/52 ,  B01D15/00 ,  B01J20/06 ,  B01J20/08 ,  B01J20/10 ,  B01J20/18 ,  B01J20/26 ,  B01D53/04 ,  B01J20/28 ,  B01J20/286 ,  B01J20/30 ,  B01J20/32 ,  B01J29/03 ,  C01B37/00 ,  C08F36/04 ,  C08F36/20 ,  C08G77/60 ,  C08F2/00 ,  C08F2/42 ,  C10G25/00 ,  C10G45/44 ,  B01J20/02 ,  B01J20/16 ,  B01D53/02 ,  B01D53/047 ,  B01J23/44 ,  B01J31/02 ,  B01J37/02 ,  B01J20/22 ,  B01J35/10 ,  C07F7/08 ,  C08G77/26 ,  C10M101/02 ,  B01D67/00 ,  B01D69/10 ,  B01D71/70 ,  C10G31/09 ,  C23C16/56 ,  C08F2/10 ,  C08F4/659 ,  C08F4/6592

摘要： Hydrogenation catalysts for aromatic hydrogenation including an organosilica material support, which is a polymer comprising independent units of a monomer of Formula [Z1OZ2OSiCH2]3 (I), wherein each Z1 and Z2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a C1-C4 alkyl group or a bond to a silicon atom of another monomer; and at least one catalyst metal are provided herein. Methods of making the hydrogenation catalysts and processes of using, e.g., aromatic hydrogenation, the hydrogenation catalyst are also provided herein.

公开(公告)号：US20110031103A1

公开(公告)日：2011-02-10

申请号：US12921532

申请日：2009-03-18

申请人： Harry W. Deckman ,  Preeti Kamakoti ,  Peter I. Ravikovitch ,  Bruce T. Kelley ,  Paul Scott Northrop ,  Peter C. Rasmussen ,  Paul Lawrence Tanaka ,  Martin N. Webster ,  Wieslaw Jerzy Roth ,  Edward W. Corcoran

发明人： Harry W. Deckman ,  Preeti Kamakoti ,  Peter I. Ravikovitch ,  Bruce T. Kelley ,  Paul Scott Northrop ,  Peter C. Rasmussen ,  Paul Lawrence Tanaka ,  Martin N. Webster ,  Wieslaw Jerzy Roth ,  Edward W. Corcoran

IPC分类号： B01D53/047 ,  B01D3/00

CPC分类号： B01D53/04 ,  B01D53/0407 ,  B01D53/0438 ,  B01D53/0462 ,  B01D53/047 ,  B01D53/0473 ,  B01D53/0476 ,  B01D2253/102 ,  B01D2253/104 ,  B01D2253/108 ,  B01D2253/1085 ,  B01D2253/1124 ,  B01D2253/20 ,  B01D2253/204 ,  B01D2253/342 ,  B01D2257/70 ,  B01D2259/40088 ,  F04D29/124

摘要： The present application is directed to a method and system for preparing gaseous utility streams from gaseous process streams, particularly, removing oil contamination from such streams prior to use in a dry gas seal. The methods and systems may include at least one kinetic swing adsorption process including pressure swing adsorption, temperature swing adsorption, calcination, and inert purge processes to treat gaseous streams for use in dry gas seals of rotating equipment such as compressors, turbines and pumps and other utilities. The adsorbent materials used include a high surface area solid structured microporous and mesoporous materials.

摘要翻译： 本申请涉及一种用于从气态工艺流中制备气体有用物流的方法和系统，特别是在干燥气体密封中使用之前，从这些流中除去油污染物。 所述方法和系统可以包括至少一个动态挥发吸附过程，包括变压吸附，变温吸附，煅烧和惰性吹扫工艺，以处理用于诸如压缩机，涡轮机和泵等旋转设备的干气密封中的气流 公用事业 使用的吸附剂材料包括高表面积的固体结构微孔和介孔材料。

公开(公告)号：US20150328578A1

公开(公告)日：2015-11-19

申请号：US14807742

申请日：2015-07-23

申请人： Harry W. Deckman ,  Preeti Kamakoti ,  Peter I. Ravikovitch ,  Bruce T. Kelley ,  P. Scott Northrop ,  Peter C. Rasmussen ,  Paul L. Tanaka ,  Martin N. Webster ,  Wieslaw J. Roth ,  Edward W. Corcoran, JR.

发明人： Harry W. Deckman ,  Preeti Kamakoti ,  Peter I. Ravikovitch ,  Bruce T. Kelley ,  P. Scott Northrop ,  Peter C. Rasmussen ,  Paul L. Tanaka ,  Martin N. Webster ,  Wieslaw J. Roth ,  Edward W. Corcoran, JR.

IPC分类号： B01D53/04 ,  B01D53/047

CPC分类号： B01D53/04 ,  B01D53/0407 ,  B01D53/0438 ,  B01D53/0462 ,  B01D53/047 ,  B01D53/0473 ,  B01D53/0476 ,  B01D2253/102 ,  B01D2253/104 ,  B01D2253/108 ,  B01D2253/1085 ,  B01D2253/1124 ,  B01D2253/20 ,  B01D2253/204 ,  B01D2253/342 ,  B01D2257/70 ,  B01D2259/40088 ,  F04D29/124

摘要： The present application is directed to a method and system for preparing gaseous utility streams from gaseous process streams, particularly, removing oil contamination from such streams prior to use in a dry gas seal. The methods and systems may include at least one kinetic swing adsorption process including pressure swing adsorption, temperature swing adsorption, calcination, and inert purge processes to treat gaseous streams for use in dry gas seals of rotating equipment such as compressors, turbines and pumps and other utilities. The adsorbent materials used include a high surface area solid structured microporous and mesoporous materials.

摘要翻译： 本申请涉及一种用于从气态工艺流中制备气体有用物流的方法和系统，特别是在干燥气体密封中使用之前，从这些流中除去油污染物。 所述方法和系统可以包括至少一个动态挥发吸附过程，包括变压吸附，变温吸附，煅烧和惰性吹扫工艺，以处理用于诸如压缩机，涡轮机和泵等旋转设备的干气密封中的气流 公用事业 使用的吸附剂材料包括高表面积的固体结构微孔和介孔材料。

公开(公告)号：US09126138B2

公开(公告)日：2015-09-08

申请号：US12921532

申请日：2009-03-18

申请人： Harry W. Deckman ,  Preeti Kamakoti ,  Peter I. Ravikovitch ,  Bruce T. Kelley ,  Paul Scott Northrop ,  Peter C. Rasmussen ,  Paul Lawrence Tanaka ,  Martin N. Webster ,  Wieslaw Jerzy Roth ,  Edward W. Corcoran

发明人： Harry W. Deckman ,  Preeti Kamakoti ,  Peter I. Ravikovitch ,  Bruce T. Kelley ,  Paul Scott Northrop ,  Peter C. Rasmussen ,  Paul Lawrence Tanaka ,  Martin N. Webster ,  Wieslaw Jerzy Roth ,  Edward W. Corcoran

IPC分类号： B01D53/02 ,  B01D53/04 ,  B01D53/047

CPC分类号： B01D53/04 ,  B01D53/0407 ,  B01D53/0438 ,  B01D53/0462 ,  B01D53/047 ,  B01D53/0473 ,  B01D53/0476 ,  B01D2253/102 ,  B01D2253/104 ,  B01D2253/108 ,  B01D2253/1085 ,  B01D2253/1124 ,  B01D2253/20 ,  B01D2253/204 ,  B01D2253/342 ,  B01D2257/70 ,  B01D2259/40088 ,  F04D29/124

摘要： The present application is directed to a method and system for preparing gaseous utility streams from gaseous process streams, particularly, removing oil contamination from such streams prior to use in a dry gas seal. The methods and systems may include at least one kinetic swing adsorption process including pressure swing adsorption, temperature swing adsorption, calcination, and inert purge processes to treat gaseous streams for use in dry gas seals of rotating equipment such as compressors, turbines and pumps and other utilities. The adsorbent materials used include a high surface area solid structured microporous and mesoporous materials.

摘要翻译： 本申请涉及一种用于从气态工艺流中制备气体有用物流的方法和系统，特别是在干燥气体密封中使用之前，从这些流中除去油污染物。 所述方法和系统可以包括至少一个动态挥发吸附过程，包括变压吸附，变温吸附，煅烧和惰性吹扫工艺，以处理用于诸如压缩机，涡轮机和泵等旋转设备的干气密封中的气流 公用事业 使用的吸附剂材料包括高表面积的固体结构微孔和介孔材料。

公开(公告)号：US09095809B2

公开(公告)日：2015-08-04

申请号：US14074860

申请日：2013-11-08

申请人： Harry W. Deckman ,  Peter I. Ravikovitch ,  Preeti Kamakoti ,  Chris Yoon

发明人： Harry W. Deckman ,  Peter I. Ravikovitch ,  Preeti Kamakoti ,  Chris Yoon

IPC分类号： B01D53/04 ,  B01D53/047 ,  B01D69/14 ,  B01J20/30 ,  C01B39/48 ,  B01D53/02 ,  C01B37/02

CPC分类号： C01B39/04 ,  B01D53/02 ,  B01D53/04 ,  B01D53/0423 ,  B01D53/0462 ,  B01D53/047 ,  B01D53/0473 ,  B01D69/147 ,  B01D2253/108 ,  B01D2256/245 ,  B01D2257/102 ,  B01D2257/504 ,  B01J20/3078 ,  B01J35/023 ,  B01J35/026 ,  C01B37/02 ,  C01B39/48 ,  Y02C10/08 ,  Y02P20/152

摘要： Systems and methods are provided for improving separation of gas phase streams using an adsorbent, such as 8-member ring zeolite adsorbents or DDR type zeolite adsorbents. Suitable gas phase streams can include at least one hydrocarbon, such as methane or a hydrocarbon containing at least one saturated carbon-carbon bond, and at least one additional component, such as CO2 or N2. The selectivity of the adsorbent is improved by selectivating the adsorbent with one or more barrier compounds. The presence of the barrier compounds is believed to alter the relative ability of potential adsorbates to enter into and/or move within the pores of the adsorbent.

摘要翻译： 提供的系统和方法用于改善使用吸附剂如8元环沸石吸附剂或DDR型沸石吸附剂的气相流分离。 合适的气相物流可以包括至少一种烃，例如甲烷或含有至少一个饱和碳 - 碳键的烃，以及至少一种另外的组分如CO 2或N 2。 通过用一种或多种阻挡化合物选择吸附剂来提高吸附剂的选择性。 认为阻挡化合物的存在可以改变潜在的被吸附物进入和/或移动吸附剂的孔内的相对能力。

公开(公告)号：US20140157984A1

公开(公告)日：2014-06-12

申请号：US14074860

申请日：2013-11-08

申请人： Harry W. Deckman ,  Peter I. Ravikovitch ,  Preeti Kamakoti ,  Chris Yoon

发明人： Harry W. Deckman ,  Peter I. Ravikovitch ,  Preeti Kamakoti ,  Chris Yoon

IPC分类号： B01D53/047 ,  B01D69/14 ,  B01D53/04

CPC分类号： C01B39/04 ,  B01D53/02 ,  B01D53/04 ,  B01D53/0423 ,  B01D53/0462 ,  B01D53/047 ,  B01D53/0473 ,  B01D69/147 ,  B01D2253/108 ,  B01D2256/245 ,  B01D2257/102 ,  B01D2257/504 ,  B01J20/3078 ,  B01J35/023 ,  B01J35/026 ,  C01B37/02 ,  C01B39/48 ,  Y02C10/08 ,  Y02P20/152

摘要： Systems and methods are provided for improving separation of gas phase streams using an adsorbent, such as 8-member ring zeolite adsorbents or DDR type zeolite adsorbents. Suitable gas phase streams can include at least one hydrocarbon, such as methane or a hydrocarbon containing at least one saturated carbon-carbon bond, and at least one additional component, such as CO2 or N2. The selectivity of the adsorbent is improved by selectivating the adsorbent with one or more barrier compounds. The presence of the barrier compounds is believed to alter the relative ability of potential adsorbates to enter into and/or move within the pores of the adsorbent.

摘要翻译： 提供的系统和方法用于改善使用吸附剂如8元环沸石吸附剂或DDR型沸石吸附剂的气相流分离。 合适的气相物流可以包括至少一种烃，例如甲烷或含有至少一个饱和碳 - 碳键的烃，以及至少一种另外的组分如CO 2或N 2。 通过用一种或多种阻挡化合物选择吸附剂来提高吸附剂的选择性。 认为阻挡化合物的存在可以改变潜在的被吸附物进入和/或移动吸附剂的孔内的相对能力。

公开(公告)号：US20160168172A1

公开(公告)日：2016-06-16

申请号：US14965984

申请日：2015-12-11

申请人： Quanchang Li ,  David Charles Calabro ,  Paul Podsiadlo ,  Jean Willem Lodewijk Beeckman ,  Preeti Kamakoti ,  Matu J. Shah ,  Doug F. Colmyer

发明人： Quanchang Li ,  David Charles Calabro ,  Paul Podsiadlo ,  Jean Willem Lodewijk Beeckman ,  Preeti Kamakoti ,  Matu J. Shah ,  Doug F. Colmyer

IPC分类号： C07F7/08 ,  B01J20/28 ,  B01J20/22 ,  B01J31/02 ,  B01J35/10

CPC分类号： B01J20/262 ,  B01D15/00 ,  B01D53/02 ,  B01D53/0462 ,  B01D53/047 ,  B01D67/0088 ,  B01D69/10 ,  B01D71/70 ,  B01D2253/20 ,  B01D2253/25 ,  B01D2256/245 ,  B01D2257/302 ,  B01D2257/304 ,  B01D2257/40 ,  B01D2257/504 ,  B01D2257/80 ,  B01J20/0229 ,  B01J20/0237 ,  B01J20/06 ,  B01J20/08 ,  B01J20/10 ,  B01J20/103 ,  B01J20/16 ,  B01J20/18 ,  B01J20/22 ,  B01J20/264 ,  B01J20/28011 ,  B01J20/28057 ,  B01J20/28061 ,  B01J20/28064 ,  B01J20/28066 ,  B01J20/28069 ,  B01J20/28071 ,  B01J20/28073 ,  B01J20/28076 ,  B01J20/28078 ,  B01J20/28083 ,  B01J20/286 ,  B01J20/3042 ,  B01J20/3204 ,  B01J20/3212 ,  B01J20/3236 ,  B01J20/3238 ,  B01J20/3272 ,  B01J23/42 ,  B01J23/44 ,  B01J31/0274 ,  B01J31/125 ,  B01J31/127 ,  B01J35/1019 ,  B01J35/1023 ,  B01J35/1028 ,  B01J35/1061 ,  B01J37/0213 ,  B01J37/0236 ,  B01J37/036 ,  B01J2220/86 ,  B01J2231/641 ,  B01J2231/646 ,  C01B37/00 ,  C07F7/0807 ,  C07F7/081 ,  C07F7/0818 ,  C08F2/10 ,  C08G77/26 ,  C08G77/60 ,  C10G25/003 ,  C10G31/09 ,  C10G35/06 ,  C10G45/00 ,  C10G45/34 ,  C10G45/44 ,  C10G45/46 ,  C10G45/52 ,  C10G45/60 ,  C10G45/64 ,  C10G47/02 ,  C10G50/00 ,  C10K1/32 ,  C10M101/02 ,  C23C16/56 ,  Y02C10/08 ,  Y02P20/152

摘要： Organosilica materials, which are a polymer of at least one independent monomer of Formula [Z1OZ2SiCH2]3 (I), wherein each Z1 represents a hydrogen atom, a C1-C4 alkyl group or a bond to a silicon atom of another monomer and each Z2 represents a hydroxyl group, a C1-C4 alkoxy group, a C1-C6 alkyl group or an oxygen atom bonded to a silicon atom of another monomer and at least one other monomer are provided herein. Processes of using the organosilica materials, e.g., gas separation, etc., are also provided herein.

摘要翻译： 作为式[Z1OZ2SiCH2] 3（I）的至少一种独立单体的聚合物的有机二氧化硅材料，其中各Z1表示氢原子，C1-C4烷基或与另一单体的硅原子的键，各Z2 表示在本文中提供羟基，C1-C4烷氧基，C1-C6烷基或与另一单体和至少一种其它单体的硅原子键合的氧原子。 本文还提供了使用有机二氧化硅材料的方法，例如气体分离等。

公开(公告)号：US09005561B2

公开(公告)日：2015-04-14

申请号：US13406100

申请日：2012-02-27

申请人： Daniel P. Leta ,  Preeti Kamakoti ,  Jack W. Johnson ,  Peter I. Ravikovitch ,  Harry Deckman

发明人： Daniel P. Leta ,  Preeti Kamakoti ,  Jack W. Johnson ,  Peter I. Ravikovitch ,  Harry Deckman

IPC分类号： B01D53/14 ,  B01D53/047 ,  B01D53/04 ,  C10L3/10 ,  B01J20/18 ,  B01J20/20 ,  B01J20/22 ,  B01J20/34 ,  B01J20/28 ,  B01D53/52 ,  C01B17/04 ,  C01B17/16

CPC分类号： B01D53/047 ,  B01D53/0438 ,  B01D53/0462 ,  B01D53/0473 ,  B01D53/526 ,  B01D2252/20431 ,  B01D2252/20436 ,  B01D2252/20489 ,  B01D2253/102 ,  B01D2253/106 ,  B01D2253/108 ,  B01D2253/1085 ,  B01D2253/116 ,  B01D2253/204 ,  B01D2253/25 ,  B01D2253/304 ,  B01D2253/306 ,  B01D2253/311 ,  B01D2253/34 ,  B01D2256/24 ,  B01D2256/245 ,  B01D2257/102 ,  B01D2257/304 ,  B01D2257/504 ,  B01D2257/7022 ,  B01D2259/40022 ,  B01D2259/40052 ,  B01D2259/402 ,  B01D2259/41 ,  B01J20/18 ,  B01J20/186 ,  B01J20/20 ,  B01J20/226 ,  B01J20/28016 ,  B01J20/28019 ,  B01J20/28042 ,  B01J20/28057 ,  B01J20/28078 ,  B01J20/28095 ,  B01J20/3408 ,  B01J20/3416 ,  B01J20/3483 ,  B01J20/3491 ,  B01J2220/42 ,  B01J2220/46 ,  B01J2220/56 ,  C01B17/0408 ,  C01B17/167 ,  C10L3/103 ,  C10L3/104 ,  C10L3/105 ,  Y02C10/08 ,  Y02P20/152 ,  Y10T428/2991

摘要： A cyclic process for selectively separating hydrogen sulfide from a gas mixture including CO2 is operated by contacting the gas mixture under sorption conditions with a non-aqueous sorbent comprising a basic non-protogenic nitrogenous compound to react the H2S with the basic compound so that the H2S can be sorbed by the compound. The compound containing the sorbed H2S can then be subjected to desorption conditions by which the H2S is desorbed and the sorbent readied for another sorption step in the cycle. The basic nitrogenous compound can be carried on a porous solid sorbent, e.g., a solid oxide such as alumina, silica, silica-alumina, zeolites, or a mesoporous and/or macroporous solid oxide. The process may be operated using a pressure swing, temperature swing, partial pressure swing, purge displacement, or a combination thereof between the sorption and desorption portions of the cycle, preferably in a rapid cycle operation.

摘要翻译： 通过在吸附条件下将气体混合物与包含碱性非原生态含氮化合物的非水性吸附剂接触使氢气与碱性化合物反应，从而使H2S与碱性化合物反应，从而选择性地从包括CO 2的气体混合物中分离硫化氢的循环方法进行操作， 可以被化合物吸收。 然后可以将含有吸附的H 2 S的化合物进行解吸附条件，通过该条件解吸H2S，吸附剂准备在循环中进行另一个吸附步骤。 碱性含氮化合物可以承载在多孔固体吸附剂，例如固体氧化物如氧化铝，二氧化硅，二氧化硅 - 氧化铝，沸石或中孔和/或大孔固体氧化物上。 该方法可以在循环的吸附和解吸部分之间，优选在快速循环操作中使用压力摆动，温度摆动，分压，吹扫位移或其组合来操作。