摘要:
A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) structure includes a bottom distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) arranged over a substrate; a metal layer interposed between the bottom DBR and the substrate, wherein the metal layer and bottom DBR form a composite mirror structure. A patterned dielectric layer may be interposed between the metal layer and the bottom DBR to reduce a deleterious chemical reaction between the metal layer and the bottom DBR. The metal layer directly contacts a portion of the bottom DBR to enhance the electrical and thermal conductivity of the VCSEL structure.
摘要:
A vertical cavity surface emitting laser having an oxidizable layer oxidized with enhanced lateral oxidation. The oxidation may involve adding oxygen in the form of a fluid, with or without other fluid such as water vapor, in the oxidizing environment, and/or in the layer to be oxidized. This oxidation approach may be used for layers with relatively low aluminum content such as in InP based structures, or with high aluminum content such as in GaAs based structures.
摘要:
A long wavelength vertical cavity surface emitting laser having a substrate, a first mirror situated on the substrate, an active region situated on the first mirror, a second mirror situated on the active region. The first mirror may have several pairs of layers with an oxidized layer in one or more pairs of that mirror. The substrate may include InP and the mirror components may be compatible with the InP. The one or more layers in the first mirror may be oxidized via a trench-like approach or other arrangement.
摘要:
A VCSEL includes a substrate having a partially removed portion; a metal-assisted DBR having a metal layer and a first mirror stack, wherein the metal layer is located at the partially removed portion of the substrate; an active region having a plurality of quantum wells over the metal-assisted DBR; and a second mirror stack over the active region, wherein a number of alternating layers of the first mirror stack is substantially smaller than a number typically required for a VCSEL without the integrated metal reflector. Such a metal-assisted DBR is especially useful for a long-wavelength VCSEL on a InP substrate or a red-color VCSEL on a GaAs substrate.
摘要:
A vertical cavity surface emitting laser with a mode-selective mirror. A filter is formed on the top DBR stack of a VCSEL. The filter includes semiconductor layers that are etch stops for immediately superior layers. The filter is selectively etched to create a first region that is phase matched to the top DBR stack and a second region that is phase mismatched to the top DBR stack. The second region inhibits undesired modes and provides additional absorption for the undesired modes. The first region is formed using a wet-etch process whose etch depth is controlled because the semiconductor layers are etch stops for immediately superior layers.
摘要:
A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) includes independently definable current and optical confinement structures that provide unique forms of drive current and transverse mode confinement, respectively. The optical guide may be formed from an upper distributed Bragg reflector (DBR), as an etched mesa structure and/or as an intracavity optical guide. The current guide may include an ion-implanted region within the upper DBR. A dielectric structure is formed over the upper DBR and surrounds the optical guide.
摘要:
The present invention relates generally to the generation and characterization of neutralizing anti-IFN-α monoclonal antibodies with broad reactivity against various IFN-α subtypes. The invention further relates to the use of such anti-IFN-α antibodies in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders associated with increased expression of IFN-α, in particular, autoimmune disorders such as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
摘要:
An infrared focal plane array (FPA) is disclosed which utilizes a strained-layer superlattice (SLS) formed of alternating layers of InAs and InxGa1−xSb with 0≦x≦0.5 epitaxially grown on a GaSb substrate. The FPA avoids the use of a mesa structure to isolate each photodetector element and instead uses impurity-doped regions formed in or about each photodetector for electrical isolation. This results in a substantially-planar structure in which the SLS is unbroken across the entire width of a 2-D array of the photodetector elements which are capped with an epitaxially-grown passivation layer to reduce or eliminate surface recombination. The FPA has applications for use in the wavelength range of 3-25 μm.
摘要翻译:公开了一种红外焦平面阵列(FPA),其利用由InAs和In x Ga 1-x Sb的交替层形成的应变层超晶格(SLS),其在GaSb衬底上外延生长0和nlE; x和nlE 0.5。 FPA避免使用台面结构来隔离每个光电检测器元件,而是使用形成在每个光电检测器内或周围的杂质掺杂区域进行电隔离。 这导致基本上平面的结构,其中SLS在被外延生长的钝化层封盖的光电检测器元件的2-D阵列的整个宽度上是不间断的,以减少或消除表面复合。 FPA具有在3-25μm波长范围内使用的应用。
摘要:
Compositions of matter encoding or useful for expressing anti-interferon alpha antibodies are provided. Methods of using such compositions of matter for producing anti-interferon alpha antibodies are also provided.
摘要:
An infrared focal plane array (FPA) is disclosed which utilizes a strained-layer superlattice (SLS) formed of alternating layers of InAs and InxGa1−xSb with 0≦x≦0.5 epitaxially grown on a GaSb substrate. The FPA avoids the use of a mesa structure to isolate each photodetector element and instead uses impurity-doped regions formed in or about each photodetector for electrical isolation. This results in a substantially-planar structure in which the SLS is unbroken across the entire width of a 2-D array of the photodetector elements which are capped with an epitaxially-grown passivation layer to reduce or eliminate surface recombination. The FPA has applications for use in the wavelength range of 3-25 μm.
摘要翻译:公开了一种红外焦平面阵列(FPA),其利用由在GaSb衬底上外延生长的具有0 <= x <= 0.5的InAs和In x Ga 1-x Sb的交替层形成的应变层超晶格(SLS)。 FPA避免使用台面结构来隔离每个光电检测器元件,而是使用形成在每个光电检测器内或周围的杂质掺杂区域进行电隔离。 这导致基本上平面的结构,其中SLS在被外延生长的钝化层封盖的光电检测器元件的2-D阵列的整个宽度上是不间断的,以减少或消除表面复合。 FPA具有3-25 mum波长范围内的应用。