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公开(公告)号：US11073049B2
公开(公告)日：2021-07-27
申请号：US13984835
申请日：2012-02-10
摘要： A method of generating syngas as a primary product from renewable feedstock, fossil fuels, or hazardous waste with the use of a cupola. The cupola operates selectably on inductive heat alone, chemically assisted heat, or plasma assisted heat. Additionally, the operation of the cupola is augmented by the use of direct acting carbon or graphite rods that carry electrical current for additional heat generation into the metal bath that is influenced by the inductive element. The method includes the steps of providing a cupola for containing a metal bath; and operating an inductive element to react with the metal bath. Feedstock in the form of a combination of fossil fuel, a hazardous waste, and a hazardous material is supplied to the cupola. A plasma torch operates on the metal bath selectably directly and indirectly. Steam, air, oxygen enriched air, and oxygen are supplied in selectable combinations.
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公开(公告)号：US20120186783A1
公开(公告)日：2012-07-26
申请号：US13203230
申请日：2010-02-24
IPC分类号： F28D15/00
CPC分类号： F22B1/165 , C10J3/86 , C10J2300/1238 , C10J2300/1884 , F23J15/06 , F28D21/0001 , Y02E20/363 , Y02P20/124
摘要： Heat is reclaimed from a high temperature gasifier exhaust gas of between 250° C. and 20000C. A first duct receives the exhaust gas, and outputs it at a reduced temperature. A second duct receives a heat transfer fluid and outputs it at an elevated temperature. A heat transfer arrangement conducts heat extracted from the product gas to the heat transfer fluid (steam), thereby elevating the temperature of the heat transfer fluid. A heat pipe formed of sodium, potassium, rubidium, or lithium, has a first end for communicating with the high temperature exhaust gas and a second end for communicating with the heat transfer fluid. The heat pipe has an envelope formed of a selectable combination of stainless steel, Inconel, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, carbon, carbon composite, and Hastelloy X, and a safety valve that ensures safe operation. An adiabatic zone is interposed between the first and second ducts.
摘要翻译： 从250°C到200°C的高温气化炉排气回收热量。 第一管道接收废气，并在降低的温度下输出。 第二管道接收传热流体并在升高的温度下输出。 传热装置将从产物气体提取的热量传导到传热流体（蒸汽），从而提高传热流体的温度。 由钠，钾，铷或锂形成的热管具有与高温废气连通的第一端和用于与传热流体连通的第二端。 热管具有由不锈钢，铬镍铁合金，镍，钼，钨，铌，碳，碳复合材料和Hastelloy X的可选择组合形成的外壳，以及确保安全操作的安全阀。 在第一和第二管道之间插入绝热区域。
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公开(公告)号：US20110293501A1
公开(公告)日：2011-12-01
申请号：US12998695
申请日：2009-11-19
IPC分类号： C01C1/04
CPC分类号： C03B5/005 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/1238 , C10J2300/1612 , C10J2300/1668 , C10J2300/1815 , C10K3/04 , Y02P40/59
摘要： A method and system for converting waste using plasma into ammonia. The method uses minimal fossil fuel, and therefore produces a minimal carbon footprint when compared to conventional processes. The method includes the steps of supplying a biomass material to a plasma melter; supplying electrical energy to the plasma melter; supplying steam to the plasma melter; extracting a syngas from the plasma melter; extracting hydrogen from the syngas; and forming ammonia from the hydrogen produced in the step of extracting hydrogen.
摘要翻译： 一种使用等离子体将废物转化为氨的方法和系统。 该方法使用最少的化石燃料，因此与常规方法相比产生最小的碳足迹。 该方法包括将生物质材料供应给等离子体熔化器的步骤; 向等离子体熔化器提供电能; 向等离子体熔化器供应蒸汽; 从等离子体熔化器中提取合成气; 从合成气中提取氢气; 并从在提取氢气的步骤中产生的氢气中形成氨。
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公开(公告)号：US20140196370A1
公开(公告)日：2014-07-17
申请号：US13715915
申请日：2012-12-14
IPC分类号： C10K3/06
CPC分类号： C10K3/06 , C10L3/06 , C10L2290/02 , C10L2290/24 , C10L2290/46 , Y02P20/129
摘要： A method of generating a blended syngas as a primary product from renewable feedstock, fossil fuels, or hazardous waste with the use of a gassifier arrangement. The generated syngas is blended with natural gas to form a blended fuel product that is delivered to a manufacturing facility or a natural gas power plant.
摘要翻译： 使用放气装置从可再生原料，化石燃料或危险废物产生混合合成气作为主要产物的方法。 所生成的合成气与天然气混合以形成被输送到制造设施或天然气发电厂的混合燃料产品。
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公开(公告)号：US20130318968A1
公开(公告)日：2013-12-05
申请号：US13809153
申请日：2011-07-08
IPC分类号： F22D1/00
CPC分类号： F22D1/003 , C10J3/18 , C10J2300/0906 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/0989 , C10J2300/0996 , C10J2300/1238 , C10J2300/1606 , C10J2300/165 , C10J2300/1807 , F23G5/0276 , F23G5/033 , F23G5/085 , F23G5/16 , F23G5/46 , F23G5/50 , F23G2201/303 , F23G2202/101 , F23G2206/203 , F23G2207/30 , F23G2900/00001 , Y02E20/12 , Y02P20/129
摘要： A method and system for converting a feedstock using thermal plasma or other gassifier, into a feedwater or make up water energy transfer system. Feedstock is any organic material or fossil fuel. The energy transferred in the feedwater or make N up water is used in any Rankine or other steam process, or any process that requires heat. Heat is extracted from a gas product issued by a gassifier and is delivered to a power plant via its feedwater system or make up water system. Preferably, the gassifier is a plasma gassifier and the gas product is syngas that is combusted in an afterburner. A heated air flow and/or EGR flow is provided the afterburner at a variable flow rate that is responsive an operating characteristic of the afterburner.
摘要翻译： 用于使用热等离子体或其他放气器将原料转化成给水或补给水能量传递系统的方法和系统。 原料是任何有机材料或化石燃料。 在给水中转移的能量或使N补水在任何兰金或其他蒸汽过程中使用或任何需要加热的过程。 热气从放气器发出的气体产品中提取，并通过其给水系统或补水系统运送到发电厂。 优选地，放气器是等离子体放气器，气体产物是在加力燃烧器中燃烧的合成气。 提供加热的空气流和/或EGR流，所述加气器以对响应于加力燃烧器的操作特性的可变流速进行提供。
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公开(公告)号：US20110291425A1
公开(公告)日：2011-12-01
申请号：US12998692
申请日：2009-11-19
CPC分类号： C01B3/56 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/1238 , C10J2300/1612 , C10J2300/1659 , C10J2300/1662 , C10J2300/1668 , C10J2300/1681 , C10J2300/1815 , C10K3/04 , Y02E50/32
摘要： Systems and methods of generating power or producing gaseous products generate CO2 as a waste product or as a greenhouse gas. Rather than being discharged into the atmosphere, the CO2 is employed in a bioreactor to enhance the growth of algae. The algae then becomes a commercial product, or it can be consumed as fuel in the generation of power or the production of a gaseous product.
摘要翻译： 产生电力或生产气态产品的系统和方法产生作为废物或温室气体的二氧化碳。 而不是排放到大气中，二氧化碳被用于生物反应器以增强藻类的生长。 然后，藻类成为商业产品，或者在产生动力或生产气态产物时可以作为燃料消耗。
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公开(公告)号：US20110288185A1
公开(公告)日：2011-11-24
申请号：US12998693
申请日：2009-11-19
IPC分类号： C07C27/06
CPC分类号： C01B3/56 , C01B3/12 , C07C1/04 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/1238 , C10J2300/1612 , C10J2300/1815 , C10K3/04 , C10L3/08 , C07C9/04
摘要： A method and system for converting waste using plasma into methane. The method uses minimal fossil fuel, and therefore produces a minimal carbon footprint when compared to conventional processes. The method includes the steps of supplying a biomass material to a plasma melter; supplying electrical energy to the plasma melter; supplying steam to the plasma melter; extracting a syngas from the plasma melter; extracting hydrogen from the syngas; and forming methane from the hydrogen produced in the step of extracting hydrogen.
摘要翻译： 将等离子体废物转化为甲烷的方法和系统。 该方法使用最少的化石燃料，因此与常规方法相比产生最小的碳足迹。 该方法包括将生物质材料供应给等离子体熔化器的步骤; 向等离子体熔化器提供电能; 向等离子体熔化器供应蒸汽; 从等离子体熔化器中提取合成气; 从合成气中提取氢气; 并从在提取氢气的步骤中产生的氢气中形成甲烷。
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公开(公告)号：US20140166934A1
公开(公告)日：2014-06-19
申请号：US13984835
申请日：2012-02-10
IPC分类号： C01B3/02
CPC分类号： F01K13/006 , C01B3/02 , C01B3/342 , C01B3/348 , C01B2203/0216 , C01B2203/0255 , C01B2203/0861 , C10J3/57 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/0956 , C10J2300/0959 , C10J2300/0976 , C10J2300/1238 , C10J2300/1276 , C10J2300/1675 , C21B13/0073 , F01K7/16 , F23G5/027 , F23G5/085 , F23G2202/20 , F23G2204/201 , F23G2204/204 , Y02E20/12 , Y02E20/344 , Y02P10/34 , Y02P20/13
摘要： A method of generating syngas as a primary product from renewable feedstock, fossil fuels, or hazardous waste with the use of a cupola. The cupola operates selectably on inductive heat alone, chemically assisted heat, or plasma assisted heat. Additionally, the operation of the cupola is augmented by the use of direct acting carbon or graphite rods that carry electrical current for additional heat generation into the metal bath that is influenced by the inductive element. The method includes the steps of providing a cupola for containing a metal bath; and operating an inductive element to react with the metal bath. Feedstock in the form of a combination of fossil fuel, a hazardous waste, and a hazardous material is supplied to the cupola. A plasma torch operates on the metal bath selectably directly and indirectly. Steam, air, oxygen enriched air, and oxygen are supplied in selectable combinations.
摘要翻译： 使用冲天炉从可再生原料，化石燃料或危险废物中产生合成气作为主要产品的方法。 冲天炉可以选择性地操作感应加热，化学辅助加热或等离子体辅助热。 此外，通过使用直接作用的碳或石墨棒来增加冲天炉的操作，所述直接作用碳或石墨棒承载电流以进一步发热到受电感元件影响的金属浴中。 该方法包括提供用于容纳金属浴的冲天炉的步骤; 并且操作感应元件以与金属浴反应。 以化石燃料，危险废物和有害物质组合的形式的原料供应到冲天炉。 等离子体焰炬直接和间接地选择性地在金属浴上操作。 以可选择的组合提供蒸汽，空气，富氧空气和氧气。
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公开(公告)号：US20120189500A1
公开(公告)日：2012-07-26
申请号：US13320404
申请日：2010-05-11
CPC分类号： B01D53/864 , B01D53/002 , B01D53/62 , B01D53/75 , B01D53/84 , B01D2255/20761 , B01D2255/2092 , B01D2256/16 , B01D2256/20 , B01D2256/22 , B01D2256/24 , B01D2257/70 , B01D2259/818 , C01B3/342 , C01B3/36 , C01B3/56 , C01B2203/043 , C01B2203/047 , C01B2203/86 , C07C29/1518 , Y02A50/2358 , Y02C10/04 , Y02P20/152 , Y02P30/30 , C07C31/04
摘要： A system for treating an exhaust stream issued by a power plant processes the exhaust stream in a methanol reactor. The exhaust stream contains CO and/or CO2, and can be a full stack or a partial stack exhaust stream. The methanol reactor is a pellet style of methanol reactor, and can be a foam or an alpha alumina oxide foam reactor. A plasma chamber generates H2 for reacting in the methanol reactor. A portion of the exhaust stream issued by the power plant is consumed in the plasma chamber. An algae reactor converts sequestered CO2 to O2. The algae is exposed to the exhaust stream to extract nutrients therefrom and thereby augment growth of the algae. The plasma chamber receives at a high temperature region thereof CO that is reduced to its elemental state. Cooling of the exhaust stream and precipitates the methanol to be re-burned as a fuel.
摘要翻译： 用于处理由发电厂发出的废气流的系统处理甲醇反应器中的废气流。 废气流包含CO和/或CO 2，并且可以是全堆垛或部分堆垛排气流。 甲醇反应器是甲醇反应器的颗粒形式，可以是泡沫或α氧化铝泡沫反应器。 等离子体室产生H2以在甲醇反应器中反应。 由发电厂发出的排气流的一部分在等离子体室中消耗。 藻类反应器将隔离的二氧化碳转化为氧气。 藻类暴露于废气流中以从中提取营养物质，从而增加藻类的生长。 等离子体室在其高温区域接收CO，其被还原成其基本状态。 冷却排气流并将甲醇沉淀成燃料再燃烧。
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公开(公告)号：US20130312424A1
公开(公告)日：2013-11-28
申请号：US13825120
申请日：2011-09-19
IPC分类号： F02C3/20
CPC分类号： F02C3/20 , B01D53/10 , B01D2257/2045 , B01D2257/302 , B01D2257/404 , B01D2257/602 , B01D2258/0283 , C10J3/18 , C10J3/84 , C10J2200/12 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/0996 , C10J2300/1238 , C10J2300/1606 , C10J2300/1653 , C10J2300/1869 , C10J2300/1876 , F02C6/18 , F02C9/20 , F05D2220/32 , F05D2220/72 , F22B1/18 , F22B37/008 , F23G5/006 , F23G5/46 , F23G2201/303 , F23G2201/40 , F23G2201/701 , F23G2201/80 , F23G2202/106 , F23G2204/201 , F23G2206/202 , F23G2206/203 , F23J15/006 , F23J15/025 , F23J2215/10 , F23J2215/20 , F23J2217/104 , F23J2219/60 , Y02E20/12 , Y02E20/16 , Y02E20/18 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P20/13 , Y02P20/133
摘要： A method and system for cost effectively converting a feedstock using thermal plasma, or other styles of gassifiers, into to a feedwater energy transfer system. The feedstock can be any organic material, or fossil fuel. The energy transferred in the feedwater is converted into steam which is then injected into the low turbine of a combined cycle power plant. Heat is extracted from gas product issued by a gassifier and delivered to a power plant via its feedwater system. The gassifier is a plasma gassifier and the gas product is syngas. In a further embodiment, prior to performing the step of extracting heat energy, there is provided the further step of combusting the syngas in an afterburner. An air flow, and/or EGR flow is provided to the afterburner at a rate that is varied in response to an operating characteristic of the afterburner. The air flow to the afterburner is heated.
摘要翻译： 一种用于使用热等离子体或其它类型的放气器将原料成本有效地转化为给水能量转移系统的方法和系统。 原料可以是任何有机材料或化石燃料。 在给水中转移的能量被转化为蒸汽，然后将其注入到联合循环发电厂的低涡轮机中。 热气从放气器发出的气体产品中提取，并通过其给水系统输送到发电厂。 放气器是等离子体放气器，气体产物是合成气。 在另一个实施方案中，在进行提取热能的步骤之前，提供了在加力燃烧器中燃烧合成气的另外的步骤。 空气流和/或EGR流以响应加力燃烧器的操作特性而变化的速率提供给加力燃烧器。 加热到加力燃烧器的空气流。
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