摘要:
Method for producing solar cells with a two-stage doping (9, 11) comprising the method steps of heavy doping (50) of at least a part of the solar cell substrate (1), of at least temporarily protecting doped areas (8), in which heavily doped areas (9) of the two-stage doping (9, 11) should be formed, from an etching medium and etching back (54; 62, 64; 72, 74) unprotected doped areas (17) of the solar cell substrate (1) by means of the etching medium, whereby, for the purpose of protecting the doped areas, sacrificial structures (7) are applied (52) on the areas (8) to be protected, which are at least partly etched (54; 62, 64; 72, 74) during etching back (54; 62, 64; 72, 74) of the unprotected doped areas.
摘要:
A method for manufacturing a solar cell via a two-stage doping includes the steps of forming an oxide layer, which can be penetrated by a first dopant, on at least one part of the surface of a solar cell substrate, forming an opening in the oxide layer in at least one high-doping region by removing the oxide layer in this high-doping region and diffusing the first dopant into the at least one high-doping region of the solar cell substrate through the opening. The first dopant is diffused into the solar cell substrate through the oxide layer. The diffusing-in through the openings and through the oxide layer takes place at the same time in a common diffusion step and the solar cell substrate is diffused in the common diffusion step in an at least partially hydrophilic state.
摘要:
In a method for producing a solar cell, a layer stack of dielectric layers is applied to a back of a solar cell substrate and the layer stack is heated and is held at temperatures of at least 700° C. during a time period of at least 5 minutes. The novel solar cell has a layer stack of dielectric layers on its back. At least one of the dielectric layers of the layer stack is densified so that its resistivity to firing-through of pastes with glass components is enhanced.
摘要:
A method for doping a semiconductor substrate includes heating the semiconductor substrate by irradiation with laser radiation and at the same time diffusing dopant from a dopant source into the semiconductor substrate in heated regions. The semiconductor substrate is heated by the irradiation with laser radiation. A surface portion of the semiconductor substrate that is less than 10% of the total surface of all irradiated regions is melted and recrystallized. There is also provided a solar cell.
摘要:
In a method for producing a solar cell, a layer stack of dielectric layers is applied to a back of a solar cell substrate and the layer stack is heated and is held at temperatures of at least 700° C. during a time period of at least 5 minutes. The novel solar cell has a layer stack of dielectric layers on its back. At least one of the dielectric layers of the layer stack is densified so that its resistivity to firing-through of pastes with glass components is enhanced.
摘要:
The invention relates to a solar cell arrangement consisting of series-connected solar subcells. Said solar subcells consist of a semiconductor wafer which forms a common base material for all of the solar subcells and wherein a number of recesses are provided for delimiting the individual, series-connected solar subcells. The invention is characterised in that at least some of the recesses extend from the top surface of the semiconductor wafer, through the wafer itself to the bottom surface and in that at most some bridge segments are left in continuation of the recesses as far as the wafer edge, to mechanically interconnect the solar subcells.
摘要:
A method is disclosed for determining a characteristic of a sensor arrangement having at least one measuring sensor and at least one reference sensor for recording the same physical variable, and having an analysis unit electrically connected thereto. The characteristic is determined from measured values of the at least one measuring sensor and of the at least one reference sensor. It is proposed to record a characteristic point during continuous measurement operation, starting with the first time the sensor arrangement is put into operation, when a definable measurement point is reached in a process for the first time, if the changes in measured value in the variation over time of the at least one measuring sensor and in the variation over time of the at least one reference sensor remain within a definable tolerance band within a definable time interval.
摘要:
A method is disclosed for operating a sensor arrangement having at least one measuring sensor and at least one reference sensor for recording the same physical variable, and having an analysis unit electrically connected thereto, with a characteristic of the sensor arrangement being recorded in an initialization phase from measured values of the at least one measuring sensor and of the at least one reference sensor, and an alarm being given during continuous operation if the deviation from the characteristic lies outside a tolerance band. It is proposed to suspend the alarm dynamically so long as the changes in the measured value in the variation over time of the at least one measuring sensor or in the variation over time of the at least one reference sensor differ by more than a definable limit within a definable time interval.
摘要:
A measuring instrument to capture a physical/chemical measured value, including a sensor unit, which is linked via a contactless interface to a transmitter unit, for passing on to a central analysis unit, wherein the sensor unit includes an at least partly internal sensor element which vibrates against a sensor housing because of operation, and which is linked, contactlessly and inside the sensor unit, for sensor signal transmission, via a first transmission/reception unit, to a complementary second transmission/reception unit, which is arranged at a fixed location relative to the sensor housing, and which is also linked, contactlessly and outside the sensor unit, to a third transmission/reception unit of the transmitter unit.
摘要:
A method is disclosed for producing a connection between a measuring tube and at least one flange, e.g., in the case of a Coriolis mass flowmeter. In order to ensure reliable connection of the components in this case, the measuring tube can be inserted at one end over a portion through a flange bore, such that it projects out of the bore on the other side, and that the projecting end be flared out over the sealing face of the flange.