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    Determination of pH including hemoglobin correction
    1.
    发明授权
    Determination of pH including hemoglobin correction 失效
    测定pH值，包括血红蛋白校正

    公开(公告)号：US06944487B2

    公开(公告)日：2005-09-13

    申请号：US10786662

    申请日：2004-02-25

    申请人： John D. Maynard ,  Shonn P. Hendee ,  Mark R. Rohrscheib ,  David Nunez ,  M. Kathleen Alam ,  James E. Franke ,  Gabor J. Kemeny

    发明人： John D. Maynard ,  Shonn P. Hendee ,  Mark R. Rohrscheib ,  David Nunez ,  M. Kathleen Alam ,  James E. Franke ,  Gabor J. Kemeny

    IPC分类号： A61B20060101 ,  A61B5/00 ,  G01N21/35

    CPC分类号： A61B5/14539 ,  A61B5/14557 ,  G01N21/359

    摘要： Methods and apparatuses of determining the pH of a sample. A method can comprise determining an infrared spectrum of the sample, and determining the hemoglobin concentration of the sample. The hemoglobin concentration and the infrared spectrum can then be used to determine the pH of the sample. In some embodiments, the hemoglobin concentration can be used to select an model relating infrared spectra to pH that is applicable at the determined hemoglobin concentration. In other embodiments, a model relating hemoglobin concentration and infrared spectra to pH can be used. An apparatus according to the present invention can comprise an illumination system, adapted to supply radiation to a sample; a collection system, adapted to collect radiation expressed from the sample responsive to the incident radiation; and an analysis system, adapted to relate information about the incident radiation, the expressed radiation, and the hemoglobin concentration of the sample to pH.

    摘要翻译： 测定样品pH值的方法和装置。 方法可以包括确定样品的红外光谱，以及确定样品的血红蛋白浓度。 然后可以使用血红蛋白浓度和红外光谱来确定样品的pH。 在一些实施方案中，可以使用血红蛋白浓度来选择将红外光谱与可确定的血红蛋白浓度适用的pH相关联的模型。 在其他实施方案中，可以使用将血红蛋白浓度和红外光谱与pH相关联的模型。 根据本发明的装置可以包括适于向样品提供辐射的照明系统; 收集系统，适于响应于入射辐射收集从样本表达的辐射; 以及分析系统，其适于将有关入射辐射，表达的辐射和样品的血红蛋白浓度的信息与pH相关联。

    Apparatuses for Noninvasive Determination of in vivo Alcohol Concentration using Raman Spectroscopy
    2.
    发明申请
    Apparatuses for Noninvasive Determination of in vivo Alcohol Concentration using Raman Spectroscopy 有权
    使用拉曼光谱法无创测定体内酒精浓度的仪器

    公开(公告)号：US20080208018A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-08-28

    申请号：US12107764

    申请日：2008-04-23

    申请人： Trent Ridder ,  Rob Johnson ,  Russell Abbink ,  John D. Maynard

    发明人： Trent Ridder ,  Rob Johnson ,  Russell Abbink ,  John D. Maynard

    IPC分类号： A61B5/1455

    CPC分类号： A61B5/0059 ,  A61B5/0075 ,  A61B5/14546 ,  A61B5/1455

    摘要： Methods and apparatuses for the determination of an attribute of the tissue of an individual use non-invasive Raman spectroscopy. For example, the alcohol concentration in the blood or tissue of an individual can be determined non-invasively. A portion of the tissue is illuminated with light, the light propagates into the tissue where it is Raman scattered within the tissue. The Raman scattered light is then detected and can be combined with a model relating Raman spectra to alcohol concentration in order to determine the alcohol concentration in the blood or tissue of the individual. Correction techniques can be used to reduce determination errors due to detection of light other than that from Raman scattering from the alcohol in the tissue. Other biologic information can be used in combination with the Raman spectral properties to aid in the determination of alcohol concentration, for example age of the individual, height of the individual, weight of the individual, medical history of the individual and his/her family, ethnicity, skin melanin content, or a combination thereof. The method and apparatus can be highly optimized to provide reproducible and, preferably, uniform radiance of the tissue, low tissue sampling error, depth targeting of the tissue layers or sample locations that contain the attribute of interest, efficient collection of Raman spectra from the tissue, high optical throughput, high photometric accuracy, large dynamic range, excellent thermal stability, effective calibration maintenance, effective calibration transfer, built-in quality control, and ease-of-use.

    摘要翻译： 用于确定个体使用非侵入性拉曼光谱的组织属性的方法和装置。 例如，可以非侵入性地确定个体的血液或组织中的酒精浓度。 组织的一部分用光照射，光传播到组织中，其中拉曼散布在组织内。 然后检测拉曼散射光，并且可以将与拉曼光谱相关的模型与酒精浓度组合以确定个体的血液或组织中的酒精浓度。 校正技术可用于减少除了来自组织中的醇的拉曼散射以外的光的检测的测定误差。 其他生物信息可以与拉曼光谱性质结合使用，以帮助确定酒精浓度，例如个体的年龄，个体的身高，个体的体重，个体及其家人的病史， 种族，皮肤黑色素含量或其组合。 该方法和装置可以被高度优化以提供组织的可再现的，优选地均匀的辐射，低组织取样误差，组织层的深度瞄准或包含感兴趣属性的样本位置，从组织中有效收集拉曼光谱 ，光学吞吐量高，光度精度高，动态范围大，热稳定性好，有效的校准维护，有效的校准传输，内置的质量控制和易于使用。

    Method and apparatus for improvement of spectrometer stability, and multivariate calibration transfer
    4.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for improvement of spectrometer stability, and multivariate calibration transfer 失效
    改进光谱仪稳定性的方法和装置，以及多变量校准转移

    公开(公告)号：US07446878B2

    公开(公告)日：2008-11-04

    申请号：US11560361

    申请日：2006-11-16

    申请人： Trent Ridder ,  Ben ver Steeg ,  John D. Maynard ,  Zachary Benz

    发明人： Trent Ridder ,  Ben ver Steeg ,  John D. Maynard ,  Zachary Benz

    IPC分类号： G01B9/02 ,  G01J5/02 ,  G01J3/45

    CPC分类号： G01J3/45 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/027

    摘要： The present invention provides methods and apparatuses that can improve measurement accuracy in interferometers. The invention provides methods for determining digital compensation filters that measure a frequency response or responses to be compensated, and then determining a filter target response from the inverse of the frequency response or responses. A digital compensation filter can be determined from the filter target response using a discrete sum of cosines with a phase argument. The invention also allows other desired filter responses to be integrated into the filter target response before determining the digital compensation filter.

    摘要翻译： 本发明提供能够提高干涉仪的测量精度的方法和装置。 本发明提供了用于确定测量要补偿的频率响应或响应的数字补偿滤波器的方法，然后根据频率响应或响应的倒数来确定滤波器目标响应。 可以使用具有相位自变量的离散余弦和的滤波器目标响应来确定数字补偿滤波器。 在确定数字补偿滤波器之前，本发明还允许将其它期望的滤波器响应集成到滤波器目标响应中。

    Method and Apparatus for Improvement of Spectrometer Stability, and Multivariate Calibration Transfer
    5.
    发明申请
    Method and Apparatus for Improvement of Spectrometer Stability, and Multivariate Calibration Transfer 失效
    用于改善光谱仪稳定性和多变量校准转移的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US20080120052A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-05-22

    申请号：US11560361

    申请日：2006-11-16

    申请人： Trent Ridder ,  Ben ver Steeg ,  John D. Maynard ,  Zachary Benz

    发明人： Trent Ridder ,  Ben ver Steeg ,  John D. Maynard ,  Zachary Benz

    IPC分类号： G06F19/00

    CPC分类号： G01J3/45 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/027

    摘要： The present invention provides methods and apparatuses that can improve measurement accuracy in interferometers. The invention provides methods for determining digital compensation filters that measure a frequency response or responses to be compensated, and then determining a filter target response from the inverse of the frequency response or responses. A digital compensation filter can be determined from the filter target response using a discrete sum of cosines with a phase argument. The invention also allows other desired filter responses to be integrated into the filter target response before determining the digital compensation filter.

    摘要翻译： 本发明提供能够提高干涉仪的测量精度的方法和装置。 本发明提供了用于确定测量要补偿的频率响应或响应的数字补偿滤波器的方法，然后根据频率响应或响应的倒数来确定滤波器目标响应。 可以使用具有相位自变量的离散余弦和的滤波器目标响应来确定数字补偿滤波器。 在确定数字补偿滤波器之前，本发明还允许将其它期望的滤波器响应集成到滤波器目标响应中。

    Apparatus and method for reducing spectral complexity in optical sampling
    6.
    发明授权
    Apparatus and method for reducing spectral complexity in optical sampling 失效
    减少光学采样中光谱复杂度的装置和方法

    公开(公告)号：US06684099B2

    公开(公告)日：2004-01-27

    申请号：US10116271

    申请日：2002-04-04

    申请人： Trent Ridder ,  John D. Maynard ,  Russell E. Abbink ,  Robert D. Johnson

    发明人： Trent Ridder ,  John D. Maynard ,  Russell E. Abbink ,  Robert D. Johnson

    IPC分类号： A61B505

    CPC分类号： A61B5/0059 ,  A61B5/6824

    摘要： An optical sampling subsystem and method that reduces the effect of errors in an optical sampling subsystem when heterogeneously distributed samples are measured in the path of a spectrometer. The optical sampling subsystem is used to collect the non-uniformly distributed radiation exiting the heterogeneous sample and produce a uniform irradiance at its output. The output is then directed into the wavenumber (inverse of wavelength in centimeters) dispersive or modulating device of the spectrometer. The resulting spectra exhibit less spectral complexity arising from components of the sampling subsystem design and the heterogeneous sample, in particular, the effect of wavenumber shift is minimized. Improved quantitative predictions, qualitative analysis and calibration transfer are direct consequences of the reduced spectral complexity.

    摘要翻译： 当在光谱仪的路径中测量非均匀分布的样本时，光采样子系统和方法可减少光采样子系统中误差的影响。 光采样子系统用于收集离散异质样品的非均匀分布的辐射，并在其输出端产生均匀的辐照度。 然后将输出引导到光谱仪的波数（以厘米为单位的波长的倒数）色散或调制装置。 所得到的光谱表现出较小的光谱复杂度，由采样子系统设计和异质样本的组成部分引起，特别是波数偏移的影响被最小化。 改进的定量预测，定性分析和校准转移是降低光谱复杂度的直接后果。

    Determination of a Measure of a Glycation End-Product or Disease State Using Tissue Fluorescence
    7.
    发明申请
    Determination of a Measure of a Glycation End-Product or Disease State Using Tissue Fluorescence 审中-公开
    使用组织荧光测定糖化终产物或疾病状态的测量

    公开(公告)号：US20120065484A1

    公开(公告)日：2012-03-15

    申请号：US13292321

    申请日：2011-11-09

    申请人： Edward L. Hull ,  Marwood Neal Ediger ,  Christopher D. Brown ,  John D. Maynard ,  Robert D. Johnson

    发明人： Edward L. Hull ,  Marwood Neal Ediger ,  Christopher D. Brown ,  John D. Maynard ,  Robert D. Johnson

    IPC分类号： A61B5/00

    CPC分类号： A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  A61B5/0064 ,  A61B5/0066 ,  A61B5/0068 ,  A61B5/0071 ,  A61B5/0075 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/412 ,  A61B5/441

    摘要： A method of determining a measure of a tissue state (e.g., glycation end-product or disease state) in an individual. A portion of the tissue of the individual is illuminated with excitation light, then light emitted by the tissue due to fluorescence of a chemical with the tissue responsive to the excitation light is detected. The detected light can be combined with a model relating fluorescence with a measure of tissue state to determine a tissue state. The invention can comprise various light excitation and detection configurations. The invention also can comprise correction techniques that reduce determination errors due to detection of light other than that from fluorescence of a chemical in the tissue. Other biologic information can be used in combination with the fluorescence properties to aid in the determination of a measure of tissue state. The invention also comprises apparatuses suitable for carrying out the method.

    摘要翻译： 确定个体中组织状态（例如，糖基化终产物或疾病状态）的量度的方法。 用激发光照射个体组织的一部分，然后检测由组织响应于激发光的化学物质的荧光而由组织发出的光。 检测到的光可以与将荧光与组织状态的测量相关联的模型组合以确定组织状态。 本发明可以包括各种光激发和检测配置。 本发明还可以包括校正技术，其减少由于检测除了组织中的化学物质的荧光以外的光的测定误差。 其他生物信息可与荧光性质结合使用，有助于测定组织状态。 本发明还包括适用于实施该方法的装置。

    Determination of a measure of a glycation end-product or disease state using tissue fluorescence
    8.
    发明授权
    Determination of a measure of a glycation end-product or disease state using tissue fluorescence 有权
    使用组织荧光测定糖基化终产物或疾病状态的量度

    公开(公告)号：US07139598B2

    公开(公告)日：2006-11-21

    申请号：US10972173

    申请日：2004-10-22

    申请人： Edward L. Hull ,  Marwood Neal Ediger ,  Christopher D. Brown ,  John D. Maynard ,  Robert D. Johnson

    发明人： Edward L. Hull ,  Marwood Neal Ediger ,  Christopher D. Brown ,  John D. Maynard ,  Robert D. Johnson

    IPC分类号： A61B5/00

    CPC分类号： A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  A61B5/0064 ,  A61B5/0066 ,  A61B5/0068 ,  A61B5/0071 ,  A61B5/0075 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/412 ,  A61B5/441

    摘要： A method of determining a measure of a tissue state (e.g., glycation end-product or disease state) in an individual. A portion of the tissue of the individual is illuminated with excitation light, then light emitted by the tissue due to fluorescence of a chemical with the tissue responsive to the excitation light is detected. The detected light can be combined with a model relating fluorescence with a measure of tissue state to determine a tissue state. The invention can comprise single wavelength excitation light, scanning of excitation light (illuminating the tissue at a plurality of wavelengths), detection at a single wavelength, scanning of detection wavelengths (detecting emitted light at a plurality of wavelengths), and combinations thereof. The invention also can comprise correction techniques that reduce determination errors due to detection of light other than that from fluorescence of a chemical in the tissue. For example, the reflectance of the tissue can lead to errors if appropriate correction is not employed. The invention can also comprise a variety of models relating fluorescence to a measure of tissue state, including a variety of methods for generating such models. Other biologic information can be used in combination with the fluorescence properties to aid in the determination of a measure of tissue state. The invention also comprises apparatuses suitable for carrying out the method, including appropriate light sources, detectors, and models (for example, implemented on computers) used to relate detected fluorescence and a measure of tissue state.

    摘要翻译： 确定个体中组织状态（例如，糖基化终产物或疾病状态）的量度的方法。 用激发光照射个体组织的一部分，然后检测由组织响应于激发光的化学物质的荧光而由组织发出的光。 检测到的光可以与将荧光与组织状态的测量相关联的模型组合以确定组织状态。 本发明可以包括单波长激发光，激发光的扫描（以多个波长照射组织），单个波长的检测，检测波长的扫描（检测多个波长的发射光）及其组合。 本发明还可以包括校正技术，其减少由于检测到除了组织中的化学物质的荧光以外的光的测定误差。 例如，如果不采用适当的校正，组织的反射率可能导致错误。 本发明还可以包括将荧光与组织状态的测量相关联的各种模型，包括用于产生这种模型的各种方法。 其他生物信息可与荧光性质结合使用，有助于测定组织状态。 本发明还包括适于执行该方法的装置，包括用于检测荧光和组织状态测量的适当的光源，检测器和模型（例如，在计算机上实现）。