摘要:
A spark plug for internal combustion engines includes a third electrode in addition to a center electrode and a ground electrode which define a normal or main spark gap. Defined between the center electrode and the third electrode is an auxiliary gap adjoining the normal gap and adapted to produce a capacitive discharge at a voltage lower than that of the normal gap, and a discharge is induced across the normal gap by the capacitive discharge across the auxiliary gap.
摘要:
A valve timing control is executed by an ECU that controls an engine and an electric-motor ECU that controls an electric motor. The ECU and the electric-motor EDU serve different functions. The ECU sets the target phase of an intake valve based on the engine operating state, and prepares a rotational speed command value for the electric motor that serves as an actuator such that a phase feedback control loop, in which the intake valve phase is caused to match the target phase, is formed. The electric-motor EDU forms a feedback control loop for the motor speed, in which the electric power supplied to the electric motor is controlled such that the electric motor rotates in accordance with the rotational speed command value.
摘要:
An ECU transmits a pulsed operation command signal, indicating operation commands for an electric motor used as a VVT actuator, to an electric-motor EDU. The electric-motor EDU recognizes the combination of the direction in which the actuator should be operated (actuator operation direction) and the control mode based on the duty ratio of the operation command signal, and the rotational speed command value based on the frequency of the operation command signal. The electric-motor EDU controls the electric motor according to the control commands. The duty ratio indicating the combination is set such that even if the duty ratio is falsely recognized, a false recognition concerning the actuator operation direction is prevented, such false recognition causing the valve phase to change in an undesirable direction, and even if the actuator operation direction is falsely recognized, the rate of change in the phase is restricted.
摘要:
A valve timing control is executed by an ECU that controls an engine and an electric-motor ECU that controls an electric motor. The ECU and the electric-motor EDU serve different functions. The ECU sets the target phase of an intake valve based on the engine operating state, and prepares a rotational speed command value for the electric motor that serves as an actuator such that a phase feedback control loop, in which the intake valve phase is caused to match the target phase, is formed. The electric-motor EDU forms a feedback control loop for the motor speed, in which the electric power supplied to the electric motor is controlled such that the electric motor rotates in accordance with the rotational speed command value.
摘要:
In the case where an intake valve has its phase in a first region between a most retarded angle and CA(1), the rotational speed of relative rotation between an output shaft of an electric motor and a sprocket is reduced at a reduction gear ratio R(1) to change the phase of the intake valve. In the case where the intake valve has its phase in a second region between CA(2) and a most advanced angle, the rotational speed of relative rotation is reduced at a reduction gear ratio R(2) to change the phase of the intake valve. As long as the rotational direction of relative rotation is the same, the phase of the intake valve is changed in the same direction for both of the first region between the most retarded angle and CA(1) and the second region between CA(2) and the most advanced angle.
摘要:
When an ignition switch is turned off, an ECU executes a program including the steps of: stopping an engine; setting a phase of an intake camshaft (or a phase in which an intake valve opens/closes) to be a maximally retarded phase; advancing the phase of the intake camshaft; detecting the phase of the intake camshaft as based on a number or rotations of an electric motor of an intake VVT mechanism changing the phase of the intake camshaft; and, if the phase detected as based on the number or rotations of the electric motor is advanced to a target phase, stopping changing the phase of the intake camshaft.
摘要:
A valve characteristic controller for an engine including variable valve actuation mechanisms, one for a first valve and another for a second valve, to vary the opening and closing timings of the valves. The controller executes main control to calculate a target timing of the first valve in accordance with an operation state of the engine and has the corresponding variable valve actuation mechanism adjust the timing of the first valve to the target timing. Further, the controller executes sub-control to calculate a target timing of the second valve based on a target valve overlap amount and the actual timing of the first valve and has the corresponding variable valve actuation mechanism adjust the valve timing of the second valve to the target timing. The main control is executed on the one of the two variable valve actuation mechanisms having a lower response speed.
摘要:
An ignition timing control apparatus for an engine includes a controller that sets an ignition timing considering a change of a temperature or a pressure in a combustion chamber at a time when an opening/closing characteristic of an intake valve is changed, the opening/closing characteristic including a valve opening timing and a valve closing timing at least one of which is changed by a variable valve mechanism for the engine.
摘要:
During the period of deceleration of a vehicle, an air conditioning control unit modifies a target cooling temperature (TEO) of an evaporator to a temperature lower than that before the deceleration by γ ° C. in order to store cold in the evaporator (step S130). When the vehicle comes to rest, the air conditioning control unit sets an upwardly-modified target temperature TEOK, which is a temperature modified toward more or less higher temperatures from the target cooling temperature TEO, and brings a compressor to rest and keeps the resting state of the compressor until a detected temperature TE of an evaporator discharge temperature sensor exceeds TEOK (step S180). Therefore, it is possible to effectively utilize the cold heat stored in the evaporator 6 during the period of deceleration of the vehicle with a good feeling of passengers being maintained while the vehicle is at rest.
摘要:
An controller detects a change in a load generation state of an accessory device that generates a load on the internal combustion engine during operation, and the controller in turn controls a variable valve mechanism to change at least one of an operation angle and a valve lift of an intake valve of the internal combustion engine, as well as changing an amount of an intake air drawn into the internal combustion engine, in response to the detected change in the load generation state of the accessory device.