摘要:
Sulfur is removed from a hydrocarbon fuel via contact with a desulfurization agent; the desulfurization agent is then regenerated (wherein sulfur is released) by exposing it to oxygen. The sulfur removal and regeneration processes each can be carried out at relatively moderate temperatures, e.g., from 300 to 600° C., and pressure, e.g., about 0.79 to about 3.5 MPa; and the desulfurization agent can include a transition metal oxide, such as molybdenum oxide. The process can also include the additional steps of cracking the hydrocarbon, separating high-boiling and low-boiling fractions from the reaction product and contacting the lower-boiling fraction with a secondary desulfurization agent.
摘要:
An apparatus for processing hydrocarbon fuel (e.g., gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel and heating oil) to generate hydrogen (H2), which can be used in fuel cells, includes a desulfurization reactor for removing sulfur from the fuel; a catalytic reactor for forming a reformate from the fuel; and, optionally, a separator for separating a light fraction of the fuel from a heavy fraction of the fuel. The fuel is first exposed to the desulfurization reactor and then, if present, to the separator. Finally, the fuel is exposed to the catalyst in the catalytic reactor; and the hydrogen gas generated there from is collected for use in the fuel cell.
摘要:
A fibrous catalytic filter can be used for treating a fluid stream containing particulate matter. The fluid stream is contacted with fibers comprising a catalytic composition. The particulate matter deposits on the fibers and undesirable species within the fluid stream are converted into more desirable species via the catalytic action of the fibers.
摘要:
A robust, high-temperature catalyst comprising a catalytic component supported on a porous ceramic carrier is provided for propellant decomposition. The catalyst comprises a porous, high-surface-area ceramic carrier material and up to 40% of metal and/or metal oxide, based upon the total weight of the catalyst. The supported species include metals and/or oxides of transition and lanthanide metals that possess high activity for the decomposition of liquid propellants. The carrier can be produced via a wet chemical process and then impregnated with salt solutions containing desired active-phase precursors. The catalyst can cause a liquid propellant to react upon contact with the catalyst and to produce hot gases that can be used to provide thrust, drive turbines, inflate devices, etc.
摘要:
The invention relates to compositions of matter that can be used in NOx reduction. The compositions include non-zeolitic materials such as Group IIIB metal oxides which have high surface areas to promote high catalytic activity. In particular, the compositions have high surface areas comprise agglomerates of nanocrystalline metal oxide particles. The invention also provides methods for making these compositions and for using these compositions to reduce NOx compounds without a need for toxic reducing agents such as ammonia.