摘要:
An exhaust manifold connected to exhaust ports of at least three straightly-arranged cylinders of an internal combustion engine is constructed by a primary exhaust pipe which extends from the foremost cylinder of the cylinders in the rearward direction of the engine along the direction of the straight arrangement of the cylinders and a plurality of secondary exhaust pipes which extend from the other cylinders except for the foremost cylinder to the primary exhaust pipe. The secondary exhaust pipes are collected to the primary exhaust pipe so that downstream end portions of the secondary exhaust pipes are wound into the center axis of the primary exhaust pipe at a plurality of points on the center axis, respectively.
摘要:
An exhaust manifold connected to exhaust ports of at least three straightly-arranged cylinders of an internal combustion engine is constructed by a primary exhaust pipe which extends from the foremost cylinder of the cylinders in the rearward direction of the engine along the direction of the straight arrangement of the cylinders and a plurality of secondary exhaust pipes which extend from the other cylinders except for the foremost cylinder to the primary exhaust pipe. The secondary exhaust pipes are collected to the primary exhaust pipe so that downstream end portions of the secondary exhaust pipes are wound into the center axis of the primary exhaust pipe at a plurality of points on the center axis, respectively.
摘要:
An exhaust manifold connected to exhaust ports of at least three straightly-arranged cylinders of an internal combustion engine is constructed by a primary exhaust pipe which extends from the foremost cylinder of the cylinders in the rearward direction of the engine along the direction of the straight arrangement of the cylinders and a plurality of secondary exhaust pipes which extend from the other cylinders except for the foremost cylinder to the primary exhaust pipe. The secondary exhaust pipes are collected to the primary exhaust pipe so that downstream end portions of the secondary exhaust pipes are wound into the center axis of the primary exhaust pipe at a plurality of points on the center axis, respectively.
摘要:
A fuel property determination system for an internal combustion engine is arranged to determine a fuel property indicative that fuel in use is heavy or light, on the basis of a degree of change of a revolution speed during a period from an expansion stroke of a first fuel injection cylinder at engine start to an expansion stroke of a final fuel injection cylinder in a first round as to all cylinders of the engine.
摘要:
A fuel property determination system for an internal combustion engine is arranged to determine a fuel property indicative that fuel in use is heavy or light, on the basis of a degree of change of a revolution speed during a period from an expansion stroke of a first fuel injection cylinder at engine start to an expansion stroke of a final fuel injection cylinder in a first round as to all cylinders of the engine.
摘要:
A catalytic converter is interposed in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine. In the converter, a plurality of carriers are disposed in series with gaps. Each carrier comprises a hydrocarbon trapping layer, a three-way catalyst layer and a number of passages facing the three-way catalyst layer. The gaps interrupts heat transfer between the carriers in order to retard temperature increase in the hydrocarbon trapping layer and promotes a turbulence in exhaust gas flow in the converter in order to homogenize the exhaust gas dispersion in a radial direction, thereby enhancing the hydrocarbon purification performance of the converter.
摘要:
A hydrocarbon trapping layer (25) is formed by coating a hydrocarbon trapping material onto a carrier (21A). A number of exhaust gas passages (34) are formed in the carrier (21A) and a plurality of slits (22) are formed on the carrier (21A) to cross the passages (24) in a transverse orientation. The slits (22) delay temperature increases in the downstream hydrocarbon trapping layer (25) and delay the release of trapped hydrocarbons therefrom. This is due to blocking the transmission of heat to the downstream hydrocarbon trapping layer (25) from the upstream hydrocarbon trapping layer (25). The slits (22) further produce a turbulent flow in the flow of exhaust gas and promote diffusion of exhaust gas over the entire surface of the carrier (21A).
摘要:
A light-waveform measuring device and method include a complex-refractive-index measuring device and a computer-program recording medium An electric field of an electromagnetic wave, in a light region having wavelengths smaller than those of electromagnetic waves in a near-infrared region, is measured, and time-varying waveforms are outputted. Gate-pulse-light generating means, measurement-light generating means and light-detecting means for detecting measurement light, are included, The measurement light is coherent light having a wavelength smaller than those of a near-infrared region. The gate pulse light is coherent light with a pulse width smaller than a period of the measurement light. A physical quantity, based on carriers generated from the measurement light and the gate pulse light is measured.
摘要:
An internal-combustion engine is disclosed in which a pair of inlet valves and a pair of outlet valves are provided within the combustion chamber formed in each of a row of cylinders. A first ignition plug is disposed in the cylinder head within a central area of the combustion chamber in plan view. Second and third ignition plugs are disposed in the cylinder head at opposite peripheral portions of the combustion chamber positioned approximately along the first axis direction in plan view, the second and third ignition plugs are arranged so that the discharge electrode portions of the second and third ignition plugs being inclined inwardly of the combustion chamber in opposite directions and are substantially symmetrical relative with the first ignition plug in plan view. A line intersecting the discharge electrode portions of the second and third ignition plugs forms an oblique angle with the direction of the row of cylinders in plan view.
摘要:
A rotation speed is feedback controlled to a target rotation speed during idle running of an engine. When an automatic transmission is in a travel range, a brake is being operated and a vehicle speed is less than a predetermined value, the target rotation speed is decreased. A required vehicle creep force is different according to whether the vehicle has substantially stopped such as when it is waiting on a crossing, or whether it is moving in the idle running state as when it is being garaged or is following a vehicle in front of it in a traffic jam. By decreasing the target rotation speed according to the vehicle speed, an optimum creep force is obtained in both cases.