摘要:
A basic cylinder-charged air quantity is determined by a first-order delay processing of an intake air quantity per rotation. Next, an estimated value of a change portion of the cylinder-charged air quantity caused by a change in intake valve timing is computed on the basis of engine speed, throttle opening angle, displacement angle of the intake valve timing. Then, the estimated value of the change portion of the cylinder-charged air quantity is processed second-time by the first-order delay. A difference between the estimated value of a change portion of the cylinder-charged air quantity and a value obtained by processing the estimated value second-time by the first-order delay is added as a delay correction to the basic cylinder-charged air quantity, thereby obtaining an actual cylinder-charged air quantity with a change in the intake valve timing.
摘要:
An intake air flow detecting device is provided to an intake air passage, through which intake air flows into an internal combustion engine. Intake air flow is divided into a main passage and a bypass passage. The detecting device includes a thermal air flowmeter, a bypass flow delay information calculating means, and a response delay compensating means. The thermal air flowmeter includes a detector arranged in the bypass passage for detecting an air flow amount in the intake air passage. The bypass flow delay information calculating means calculates a bypass flow delay information representing delay in variation in a flow amount in the bypass passage with respect to variation in a flow amount in the main passage. The response delay compensating means compensates delay in response of the air flowmeter in accordance with the bypass flow delay information.
摘要:
An apparatus for reducing the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by fixing and dumping carbon dioxide which is disposed in seawater or fresh water satisfying certain temperature and pressure conditions for the formation of carbon dioxide hydrate or its clathrate comprising:a) a transport pipeline equipped with a compressor;b) a carbon dioxide source connected to said transport pipeline upstream of said compressor;c) a plurality of ejector nozzles disposed at one end of the pipeline;d) a reaction housing which allows seawater or fresh water and carbon dioxide to react with each other and form the carbon dioxide hydrate or its clathrate;e) a dispersing propeller;wherein the reaction device is provided with the ejector nozzles and the dispersing propeller at the inlet portion of the device; the concentration of the carbon dioxide is supplied into the pipeline and is discharged by the compressor into the reaction housing from the ejector nozzles under pressure to form the carbon dioxide hydrate or its clathrate; the thus produced hydrate or its clathrate is dispersed by the propeller out of the reaction housing to the deep bottom of the sea.
摘要:
A method for evaluating an electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including the steps of: (A) vibrating an electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery at a prescribed frequency successively in two or more levels of magnetic fields that have different magnetic flux densities; (B) detecting induced magnetizations that are synchronous with the vibrations generated in the electrode material; and (C) determining saturation magnetization of the electrode material from the induced magnetizations.
摘要:
A copolymer for semiconductor lithography, comprising at least a recurring unit (A) having a carboxylic acid ester structure whose solubility in alkali increases by the action of an acid and a carboxyl group-containing recurring unit (B), which copolymer is obtained via a step (P) of (co)polymerizing at least a monomer giving a recurring unit (A) and a step (Q) of forming a recurring unit (B) in the co-presence of a recurring unit (A)-containing (co)polymer and/or a monomer giving a recurring unit (A), and an acid. The copolymer is used in production of semiconductor as a resist polymer which is small in roughness, little in development defect and superior in lithography properties such as DOF and the like.
摘要:
An emission control system has a catalyst and a sensor responding to a component of exhaust gas. In order to speed warming up the catalyst, the emission control system increases the amount of heat dissipated by exhaust gas. A diagnosis of the emission control system is carried out by determining whether the amount of heat dissipated by exhaust gas is sufficient or insufficient. The amount of heat dissipated by exhaust gas is represented by the length of time to an activated state of the sensor. In the diagnosis, the amount of heat generated by a heater provided in the sensor is taken into consideration.
摘要:
A fuel injection control system for an internal combustion engine which can eliminate lean misfiring and rich misfiring at asynchronous injection and exhausting of non-combustioned HC. When the asynchronous injection is performed at engine cranking or at acceleration, a judgement is made as to whether the injected fuel will be divided by closure of an intake valve. When division is not detected, fuel injection is performed in normal manner. When division is detected, rate of the fuel division is computed. As a result of computation, fuel injection is performed when judgement is made that a predetermined amount of the injected fuel will be introduced into the cylinder. Furthermore, the amount of fuel not introduced into the cylinder is computed to reduce a corresponding amount from a fuel injection amount for the next cycle. On the other hand, when judgement is made that the predetermined amount of fuel will not be introduced into the cylinder, fuel injection does not take place.
摘要:
An electronic part composed of an alloy comprising, as a basic metal or metals, Cr and Zr with the total amount thereof being between 0.3 and 2.0% by weight (provided that the amount of Cr is 1.5% by weight or less and that of Zr is 1.0% by weight or less) and Cu as a balance, the surface of said part having been coated with Sn.The electronic part according to the present invention is excellent in the wetting property of a solder, weather resistance of a solder and bonding property to Au and Al.
摘要:
[Purpose] A purpose of the present invention is to provide a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery with high safety in which breakage of a positive electrode plate and buckling of a negative electrode plate are reduced during charging and discharging.[Solutions] A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes an electrode group 10 in which a positive electrode plate 4 including a positive electrode current collector 1 and a positive electrode material mixture layer 2a, 2b formed on the positive electrode current collector 1, and a negative electrode plate 8 including a negative electrode current collector 5 and a negative electrode material mixture layer 6a, 6b formed on the negative electrode current collector 8, are wound or stacked with a separator 9 interposed therebetween. The positive electrode material mixture layer 2a, 2b has at least one thin portion 3a, 3b extending perpendicularly to a longitudinal direction of the positive electrode plate 4.
摘要:
A copolymer for semiconductor lithography, comprising at least a recurring unit (A) having a carboxylic acid ester structure whose solubility in alkali increases by the action of an acid and a carboxyl group-containing recurring unit (B), which copolymer is obtained via a step (P) of (co)polymerizing at least a monomer giving a recurring unit (A) and a step (Q) of forming a recurring unit (B) in the co-presence of a recurring unit (A)-containing (co)polymer and/or a monomer giving a recurring unit (A), and an acid.The copolymer is used in production of semiconductor as a resist polymer which is small in roughness, little in development defect and superior in lithography properties such as DOF and the like.