摘要:
A two-stage process for treating acidic gypsum pond water for reuse or for discharge is disclosed. The first stage blends raw acidic pond water with recycled lime-treated slurry from the second stage of the process. The resulting elevation in pH causes CaF.sub.2 and SiO.sub.2 to precipitate and the precipitated material is discarded onto the gypsum storage area. The supernatant water can be used in the wet grinding mill and/or further treated in a second stage with lime to produce treated water which meets government environment standards for discharge. The slurry of calcium phosphate formed in the second (liming) stage is recycled to the first stage.
摘要:
An obturator as part of a biopsy system enhances use with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) by indicating location of a side aperture in an encompassing cannula. The cannula (e.g., detached probe, sleeve sized to receive a core biopsy probe) includes a side aperture for taking a tissue sample. When the obturator is inserted in lieu of the biopsy device into the cannula, a notch formed in a shaft of the obturator corresponds to the side aperture. A dugout trough into the notch may further accept aqueous material to further accentuate the side aperture. In addition, a series of dimensionally varied apertures (e.g., wells, slats) that communicate through a lateral surface of the shaft and that are proximal to the side aperture receive an aqueous material to accentuate visibility in an MRI image, even in a skewed MRI slice through the cannula/obturator.
摘要:
Methods and devices are provided for providing surgical access into a body cavity. In one embodiment, a surgical access device is provided that includes a housing coupled to a retractor. The housing can be have one or more sealing ports for receiving surgical instruments. Each sealing port can include one or more sealing elements therein for sealing the port and/or forming a seal around a surgical instrument disposed therethrough. Each sealing port can be in a fixed position relative to the housing and can be rotatable with the housing relative to the retractor. A plurality of safety shields can extend from the housing into the retractor to protect the retractor from instruments inserted through the sealing ports and into the retractor.
摘要:
A staple cartridge for use with a stapling device that has an actuator that is selectively actuatable in an axial direction and an anvil portion that is selectively movable between open and closed positions is disclosed. Various embodiments of the present invention include a cartridge body that movably supports first and second staple drivers. The staple drivers each support a staple thereon and serve to drive the staples into forming contact with the anvil upon actuation by the actuator. The various embodiments of the present invention enable the final formed heights of the staples to be varied so as to apply various clamping forces and pressures to soft tissue captured within the staples. In at least one embodiment, the staples can include crowns formed thereon which can be utilized to adjust or control the clamping force and/or pressure applied by the staples.
摘要:
An apparatus and method for reducing post-operative ileus and/or gastric stasis is described. The method can include applying to the intestine a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising a drug that is effective in reducing post-operative ileus and/or gastric stasis, such as by introducing the composition through a surgical access device, such as a trocar or endoscope. The apparatus can include a surgical fastener and a buttress comprising the composition.
摘要:
A surgical staple including a crown comprised of a dissolvable, bioabsorbable, or biofragmentable material, a first deformable member, and a second member. In at least one embodiment, the crown connects the first member and the second member, however, after the crown has been dissolved, the first member is unconnected to the second member and, as a result, the first and second members can move relative to each other. Accordingly, the staple can be rigid during the early stages of healing and can be flexible during the latter stages of healing, for example. In various embodiments, the first and second members of the staple are also comprised of a dissolvable, bioabsorbable, or biofragmentable material. In these embodiments, the first and second members can be constructed so that the crown and first and second members dissolve at different rates and/or dissolve away at different times.
摘要:
In accordance with this invention, a DRAM with a staggered bitline sense amplifier configuration utilizes an I/O data path scheme which minimizes the time delay through the I/O data path. The DRAM includes a first and a second memory arrays wherein a first external sense amplifier receives on an input terminal a signal corresponding to the state of a memory cell selected from the first memory array via a first column decoding circuit. A second external sense amplifier receives on an input terminal a signal corresponding to the state of a memory cell selected form the second memory array via a second column decoding circuit. Each of the two external sense amplifiers has an output terminal which are shorted together. A tristate signal feeding another input terminal of each of the two external sense amplifiers is used to eliminate data contention on the shorted output terminals.
摘要:
A bias voltage generator generates the same bias voltage VBB for different external power supply voltages EVCC (for example, for EVCC=3.3V or 5.0V). During power-up, the charge pump that generates VBB is controlled by an enable signal ExtEn referenced to EVCC. Later an internal supply voltage IVCC becomes fully developed to a value independent from EVCC (for example, IVCC=3.0V), and the charge pump becomes controlled by an enable signal IntEn referenced to IVCC. This enable signal IntEn will cause VBB to reach its target value, for example, -1.5V. This target value is independent of EVCC. During power-up, when the charge pump is controlled by ExtEn, the bias voltage VBB is driven to an intermediate value (for example, -0.5V or -1V). This intermediate value depends on EVCC, but is below the target value in magnitude. The intermediate value reduces the likelihood of latch-up during power-up, but the intermediate value does not go beyond the target value thus does not create a significant pn-junction current leakage in semiconductor regions to which the bias voltage is applied.
摘要:
A clip, clip applier and method for ligating a tissue structure is provided. The applier has a two stage actuation. In the first stage, a tissue structure is positioned into the jaws of the clip applier The jaws close and lock to a preset force to compress and temporarily occlude the tissue structure. If satisfactorily positioned, the second stage is initiated in which a clip is advanced through the shaft of the clip applier in a closed position. At the distal end of the clip applier, the clip is opened slightly to capture the pre-compressed tissue structure, and is placed over the structure. The clip is then dissociated from the business end of the instrument. Preferably the clip comprises two leg members disposed in close proximity to one another joined from opposing directions by a connecting element. The connecting element restricts separation of the leg members with opposing spring members so as to provide substantially uniform parallel deflection of the leg members from each other.
摘要:
The voltages on the high voltage rails of sense amplifiers in dynamic random access memories are controlled during turn-on of the sense amplifiers to remain approximately at the voltage of the voltage source internal to the integrated circuit chip by connecting a voltage source external to the chip to the high voltage rails until the voltages on the rails equal the voltage from the chip's internal voltage source at which time the external voltage source is disconnected.