摘要:
The invention relates to a grinding machine in which the axis control command for the axis drive unit allocated to the axis is not calculated offline, and therefore beforehand outside of the grinding machine, as is common with the present state of technology, but rather online, in other words, in real time. A transformation model is provided to make this possible. Vectors with five components in the tool coordination system (WKS) can be converted into motion control commands (arrows 16,18,20,22,24) of the axis (X1,Z1,C1,B1,A1).
摘要:
A refrigeration device comprising at least two storage compartments that are thermally insulated from one another and from the environment. In said device, an evaporator that can be cooled independently of an evaporator of the other storage compartment or compartments, is allocated to each storage compartment. Said device is equipped with elements for switching at least one of the compartments from a freezing mode to a non-freezing mode.
摘要:
A swarm navigation system is disclosed. The swarm navigation system includes a plurality of mobile agents, each having a receiver and capable of receiving a collision avoidance signal or a target attraction signal from a remote source. A stereo antenna system and memory storing instructions cause the mobile agent to determine the intensity and direction of the received collision avoidance signal or the received target attraction signal and to navigate the mobile agent substantially towards the received target attraction signal and substantially away from the received collision avoidance signal. Each mobile agent may further include a collision avoidance beacon mounted to the mobile agent and adapted to broadcast a collision avoidance signal, and a target attraction beacon mounted to the mobile agent and adapted to selectively broadcast a target attraction signal.
摘要:
A method and apparatus is provided for obtaining improved power generation efficiency by operating the primary power source, such as an ICE, only at the most efficient operating modes for a given engine, and simultaneously supplementing the power provided by the ICE with additional power stored in an accumulator, such as an ultra capacitor, as the load demands would otherwise cause that ICE to operate outside of the more efficient operating modes. In the case of a hybrid electric vehicle, the present invention would use banks of ultra-capacitors instead of batteries not just to start the ICE but also to supplement the electric power available for wheel drive motors when the ICE is in operation. According to the present invention, a control device would maintain the ICE at specific operational modes, either off, idle, or specific fuel efficient operating conditions over the entire range of vehicle operation. When the vehicle needs more power than the ICE would otherwise provide at a given operational mode, the controller would enable the additional power to be drawn from the ultracapacitors until such time as the ICE could be efficiently switched to a different mode. Excess power from the ICE when at an efficient operating mode would be used to recharge the ultracapacitors.
摘要:
To operate an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, during a plurality of driving cycles of the motor vehicle at least one operating variable is recorded during each run which is representative of a harmful substance content of an exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine. The recorded runs are analyzed with respect to recurring run patterns. In a current driving cycle of the motor vehicle, a target value of an ammonia charge level of an exhaust gas catalyst of the internal combustion engine is determined using the recurring run pattern, depending on which, at least one actuating signal for an actuator is determined, the position of which affects an actual ammonia charge level of the exhaust gas catalyst. In order to convert the determined target value of the ammonia charge level of the exhaust gas catalyst, the actuator is controlled as a function of the actuating signal.
摘要:
A known refraction-sensitive optical fiber comprises a core zone with an index of refraction nK, a jacket zone surrounding the core zone, said jacket zone having an index of refraction nM, and an annular zone made of quartz glass doped with fluorine, said annular zone surrounding the jacket zone and having an index of refraction NF, where nF
摘要:
In a method for adapting the reducing agent feed in an exhaust gas aftertreatment system having an SCR catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine and at least one reducing agent feed device, the minimum opening time of the reducing agent feed device is determined during operation and while suspending nitrogen emission, carrying out the following steps: a) the opening time of the reducing agent feed device is gradually prolonged until b) a reducing agent-sensitive sensor in the exhaust gas aftertreatment system detects a reducing agent signal. An exhaust gas aftertreatment system is designed accordingly for carrying out the method and a device is designed for controlling an exhaust gas aftertreatment system.
摘要:
A method for controlling an SCR-exhaust gas after-treatment system (1) of an internal combustion engine (8), in particular of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, has one or more steps for determining the quality of the reducing means.
摘要:
A swarm navigation system is disclosed. The swarm navigation system includes a plurality of mobile agents, each having a receiver and capable of receiving a collision avoidance signal or a target attraction signal from a remote source. A stereo antenna system and memory storing instructions cause the mobile agent to determine the intensity and direction of the received collision avoidance signal or the received target attraction signal and to navigate the mobile agent substantially towards the received target attraction signal and substantially away from the received collision avoidance signal. Each mobile agent may further include a collision avoidance beacon mounted to the mobile agent and adapted to broadcast a collision avoidance signal, and a target attraction beacon mounted to the mobile agent and adapted to selectively broadcast a target attraction signal.
摘要:
Novel supported, titanized chromium catalysts for the homopolymerization of ethylene and the copolymerization of ethylene with α-olefins, a process for preparing them and to their use for the polymerization of olefins.