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公开(公告)号：US5284207A
公开(公告)日：1994-02-08
申请号：US882778
申请日：1992-05-14
CPC分类号： E21B21/14 , C09K8/528 , E21B33/14 , Y10S507/928
摘要： Once the drilling of an oil or gas well is finished the bore must be cased and cemented. It is important that the cement lining be complete, and to ensure this it is necessary to sweep out the mud in the annulus ahead of the rising cement. Unfortunately, this often proves difficult, and various procedures and mechanisms have been devised in the past to improve the chances of achieving efficient mud-removal and forming a complete cement lining, though none have been truly successful. One of the techniques presently employed involves the utilization of a wash, but it has been noted that such a wash, even when turbulent, has very little component of its movement in the annulus in a direction other than up along the annulus, and that as a result it has very little effect on gelled mud deposits, especially those in the small casing/bore inter-distance of a severely eccentric casing. It has now been discovered that a considerably increased amount of lateral motion, and thus a very significantly enhanced degree of mud removal capability, is provided if the liquid be a multiphase liquid in which one of the phases is a gas--in other words, if the liquid be full of bubbles--and the invention provides a cleaning method particularly suitable for the cleaning of gelled mud deposits off the casing and bore walls of an oil/gas well prior to cementing the casing in place, in which there is caused to flow over and in contact with the dirty surface a "burbulent" liquid.
摘要翻译： 一旦油井或气井的钻探完成，钻孔必须被套管并粘结。 重要的是，水泥衬里是完整的，并且为了确保这样做，必须清除上升水泥前面的环空中的泥浆。 不幸的是，这往往证明是困难的，过去已经设计了各种程序和机制，以提高实现高效除泥和形成完整水泥衬里的机会，尽管没有一个确实取得成功。 目前使用的技术之一涉及洗涤的利用，但是已经注意到，即使是湍流，这种洗涤在环形空间中沿着环形物沿着除了向上的方向的运动的非常小的分量也是如此 结果对凝胶泥沉积物的影响非常小，特别是严重偏心套管的小套管/孔间距的影响。 现在已经发现，如果液体是其中一个相是气体的多相液体，则提供显着增加的横向运动量，并且因此非常显着地提高泥浆去除能力的程度，换句话说，如果 液体充满气泡，本发明提供了一种清洁方法，特别适用于在将套管固定在适当位置之前，将套管和油/气井的孔壁清除凝胶泥浆沉积物，其中流动 并且与脏表面接触一个“湍流”液体。
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公开(公告)号：US06994167B2
公开(公告)日：2006-02-07
申请号：US09949233
申请日：2001-09-08
CPC分类号： E21B33/14 , C04B24/003 , C04B24/02 , C04B38/00 , C04B38/103 , C04B40/0295 , C09K8/46 , C09K8/473 , E21B47/01 , E21B47/06 , C04B2103/0086 , C04B2103/20 , C04B28/02 , C04B40/0021
摘要： The invention describes a method of cement lining a wellbore to enable a fixed sensor internal of the lining to sense characteristics of the external formations surrounding the wellbore using, at the region of the sensor position, a permeability changing device before completion of setting of the cement to create, in use, a permanent fluid communication through the cement lining between the external formation and the sensor.
摘要翻译： 本发明描述了一种水泥衬砌井筒的方法，以使衬里内部的固定传感器能够在完成凝结水泥之前，在传感器位置的传感器位置的区域处感测围绕井眼的外部地层的特性 在使用中产生通过外部地层和传感器之间的水泥衬里的永久性流体连通。
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公开(公告)号：US06718508B2
公开(公告)日：2004-04-06
申请号：US09864253
申请日：2001-05-25
申请人： John Lodge , Andrew Hunt , Paul Guinand
发明人： John Lodge , Andrew Hunt , Paul Guinand
IPC分类号： H03M1300
CPC分类号： H03M13/2742 , H03M13/2721
摘要： A method for generating new forward error correction codes, called skew codes, for the reliable transmission of data in noisy channels is disclosed. The method involves adding additional sets of parity equations across the third dimension of a cubic array of bits. The parity equations are applied to the cubic array such that the rectangular patterns of one square array do not match up with a rectangular pattern in another square array. By selecting skew mapping parameters of the parity equations from a set of quadratic residues of prime numbers according to specific design rules, the resulting codes are well suited to low-complexity high-speed iterative decoding, and have error correction performance and error detection capability, particularly for applications requiring high code rates. An improved decoding method for decoding skew codes and any code that is defined by a set of sum-to-identity parity equations initially decoded using an algorithm that provides confidence values on all the symbols at every symbol time is also disclosed. Generally, the improved decoding method will make hard decisions based upon the soft decisions passed from the failed iterative decoding system to provide a valid code word, through manipulation of the parity check matrix and reduction of its columns and rows.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于产生用于在噪声信道中可靠地传输数据的新的前向纠错码（称为偏移码）的方法。 该方法包括在立方体位数列的第三维上添加额外的奇偶校验方程组。 将奇偶校验方程式应用于立方体阵列，使得一个正方形阵列的矩形图案与另一个正方形阵列中的矩形图案不匹配。 通过根据具体设计规则从素数的二次残差集中选择奇偶校验方程的偏斜映射参数，所得到的代码非常适合于低复杂度的高速迭代解码，并具有纠错性能和错误检测能力， 特别适用于需要高码率的应用。 还公开了一种用于对偏斜码进行解码的改进的解码方法，以及由使用在每个符号时刻在所有符号上提供置信度的算法最初解码的一对和 - 一致奇偶校验方程组所定义的任何代码。 通常，改进的解码方法将基于从故障迭代解码系统传递的软判决来做出硬判决，以通过操纵奇偶校验矩阵和减少其列和行来提供有效的代码字。
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公开(公告)号：US06530059B1
公开(公告)日：2003-03-04
申请号：US09324812
申请日：1999-06-01
申请人： Stewart N. Crozier , Andrew Hunt , John Lodge , Paul Guinand
发明人： Stewart N. Crozier , Andrew Hunt , John Lodge , Paul Guinand
IPC分类号： H03M1303
CPC分类号： H03M13/3905 , H03M13/275 , H03M13/2771 , H03M13/2957
摘要： A method of creating tail-biting recursive systematic convolutional and turbo codes, and the associated encoders, are described herein. According to the method, symbols from the set of data to be transmitted are used to preset the starting state of the encoder, and are replaced in a systematic set by an equivalent number of tail-biting symbols that force the ending state of the encoder to be the same as the starting state. The presetting of the starting state allows for simpler calculations in choosing the tail-biting symbols, and allows a message to be transmitted with a reduced number of symbols The reduction in the number of symbols used for overhead in this invention provides an increase in the data transmission rate.
摘要翻译： 本文描述了一种创建尾巴递归系统卷积和turbo码的方法以及相关联的编码器。 根据该方法，使用要发送的数据集合中的符号来预设编码器的开始状态，并且通过等效数量的尾随符号在系统集合中替换，这些符号迫使编码器的结束状态 与起始状态相同。 启动状态的预设允许在选择尾部符号时进行更简单的计算，并且允许以减少的符号数发送消息。本发明中用于开销的符号数量的减少提供了数据的增加 传输速率。
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公开(公告)号：US06460161B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-01
申请号：US09324428
申请日：1999-06-01
申请人： Stewart N. Crozier , Andrew Hunt
发明人： Stewart N. Crozier , Andrew Hunt
IPC分类号： H03M1341
CPC分类号： H03M13/3905 , H03M13/275 , H03M13/2771 , H03M13/2957
摘要： A simplified method of history handling for the Viterbi decoding of convolutional codes is described herein. The state number, or one or more of the most-significant bits of the state number, is loaded into the corresponding state history. Each state number represents the sequence of data bits that, in convolutional encoding, would give rise to the corresponding state. The most recent data bit provides the least significant bit of the state number. This invention reduces the processing requirements associated with the handling of the history, and is especially useful for decoder implementations using general-purpose processors.
摘要翻译： 本文描述了用于卷积码维特比解码的历史处理的简化方法。 状态号或状态号的一个或多个最高有效位被加载到相应的状态历史中。 每个状态数表示在卷积编码中将产生相应状态的数据比特序列。 最新的数据位提供状态数的最低有效位。 本发明减少了与历史的处理相关联的处理要求，并且对于使用通用处理器的解码器实现特别有用。
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公开(公告)号：US5047632A
公开(公告)日：1991-09-10
申请号：US524246
申请日：1990-05-16
申请人： Andrew Hunt
发明人： Andrew Hunt
CPC分类号： G01F1/704 , E21B27/02 , E21B47/1015 , G01F1/7042 , G01F1/708 , G01F1/74
摘要： A method for determining at least one dynamic flow characteristic of a multiphase flow circulating in a pipe, the flow being composed of a lighter dispersed-phase and a heavier continuous-phase. A tracer is discharged (or activated) into the flow at a chosen first location in the pipe by mixing (or activating) a portion of the tracer with the continuous-phase therein. The tracer concentration at a chosen second location in the pipe is measured with a detector as a function of time t, so as to obtain a signal S(t). Then a relationship is fitted to the signal S(t) so as to derive the values of the velocity U of the continuous phase and/or of a dispersion coefficient k. The slip velocity v.sub.s of the dispersed phase relative to the velocity of the continuous phase is also advantageously determined. From the values of velocities U and v.sub.s and from the volume fraction y.sub.1 of the continuous phase in the pipe (obtained by an ancillary measurement), the volumetric flow rates of the continuous and dispersed phases are determined.
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公开(公告)号：US6145111A
公开(公告)日：2000-11-07
申请号：US134152
申请日：1998-08-14
申请人： Stewart Crozier , Andrew Hunt , John Lodge
发明人： Stewart Crozier , Andrew Hunt , John Lodge
CPC分类号： H03M13/3916 , G11B20/18 , G11B20/1866 , H03M13/2717 , H03M13/2721 , H03M13/29 , H03M13/2903 , H03M13/2906 , H03M13/2909 , H03M13/2918 , H03M13/2933 , H03M13/2945 , H03M13/3905 , H03M13/658
摘要： A method of encoding data is described herein. According to the method, source data elements are coded using one or more product codes having a common component code. The resulting one or more primary product codewords consist of a plurality of first codewords of the common component code. One or more first sets of codewords of the common component code are assembled such that each of the first sets comprises two or more distinct first codewords forming part of a same primary product codeword. Each of the codewords of each of the first sets is codeword-mapped to a second codeword of the common component code using a one-to-one codeword-mapping. One or more second sets of second codewords are provided, where each second set corresponds to a first set of codewords. The codeword-mapping includes re-ordering, according to a known interleaving pattern, the symbols within a codeword. The codeword-mappings are such that if all of the codewords of a first set are from a same primary product codeword, then some codeword-mappings applied to the codewords of the first set are different, and if two or more repetitions of a same codeword are included in a single first set, then the codeword-mappings applied to those repetitions are different. Each set of second codewords is coded using a systematic code so as to generate a secondary product codeword for a product code having as component codes the common component code and the systematic code. Then, the primary product codewords and the non-systematic portion of the secondary product codewords are provided as encoded output data.
摘要翻译： 本文描述了一种编码数据的方法。 根据该方法，使用具有公共分量代码的一个或多个产品代码对源数据元素进行编码。 所产生的一个或多个主要产品代码字由公共分量代码的多个第一代码字组成。 组合公共分量代码的一个或多个第一组代码字，使得每个第一组包括形成相同主要产品代码字的一部分的两个或更多个不同的第一代码字。 每个第一组的每个码字使用一对一码字映射码字映射到公共分量码的第二码字。 提供了一个或多个第二组第二码字，其中每个第二集合对应于第一组码字。 码字映射包括根据已知的交织模式重新排序码字内的符号。 码字映射使得如果第一集合的所有码字都来自相同的主要产品码字，则应用于第一集合的码字的一些码字映射是不同的，并且如果两个或更多个相同码字的重复 被包括在单个第一集合中，则应用于这些重复的码字映射是不同的。 使用系统代码对每组第二码字进行编码，以便为具有共同分量代码和系统代码的分量代码的产品代码生成二次产品代码字。 然后，作为编码输出数据提供副产品码字的主要产品码字和非系统部分。
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公开(公告)号：US4856344A
公开(公告)日：1989-08-15
申请号：US17469
申请日：1987-02-20
申请人： Andrew Hunt
发明人： Andrew Hunt
摘要： A gradiomanometer 1 measures the difference in pressure between points 3 and 4 to indicate density and hence proportions of two phases (e.g. liquid and gas), each of known density flowing as indicated by arrow 6. A venturi meter 2 measures the difference in pressure between points 4 and 5 to indicate flow rate, initially assumed to be that of the heavier phase only. An iterative calculation makes it possible to obtain a density measurement corrected to allow for flow friction and individual flow rates of the two components, having regard to slippage therebetween. A step discontinuity 8 may be provided downstream to create turbulence and render the flow homogenous.
摘要翻译： 梯度仪1测量点3和4之间的压力差，以指示两个相（例如液体和气体）的密度和比例，每个已知密度如箭头6所示流动。文氏管计2测量压力差 点4和5表示流量，最初假定为仅较重的相。 考虑到它们之间的滑动，迭代计算使得可以获得校正为允许两个部件的流动摩擦和单独流量的密度测量。 可以向下游提供台阶不连续8以产生湍流并使流动均匀。
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公开(公告)号：US09040120B2
公开(公告)日：2015-05-26
申请号：US13204483
申请日：2011-08-05
CPC分类号： C23C16/40 , C23C14/02 , C23C16/02 , C23C16/0272 , C23C16/401 , C23C16/402 , C23C16/453 , C23C16/50
摘要： An inorganic nanolayer surface coated polymer film product is disclosed with enhancements such as improved metallization capability, low cost, low polymer additives and modifiers, improved recyclability, and good web properties. Also method for priming a flexible film substrate to enhance the reactivity or wettability of the substrate for metallization is disclosed. A substrate film is coated with one or more nanolayers of a metal or metal oxide applied by CCVD and/or PECVD at open atmosphere. The deposited coating acts to enhance the surface energy of the film substrate and to and reduce the surface gauge variation of the substrate or supporting film, thereby enhancing the wettability of the film substrate for metallization and/or to improve the anti-block characteristics of the film. The deposited coatings may also act as a barrier layer for lowering the permeability of light, gas and vapor transmission through the substrate.
摘要翻译： 公开了无机纳米层表面涂覆的聚合物膜产品，其具有改进的金属化能力，低成本，低聚合物添加剂和改性剂，改善的可循环性和良好的网性能。 公开了一种用于引发柔性膜基底以提高用于金属化的基底的反应性或润湿性的方法。 在敞开的气氛下，用一个或多个通过CCVD和/或PECVD施加的金属或金属氧化物的纳米层涂覆基底膜。 沉积的涂层用于增强膜基材的表面能，并降低基材或支撑膜的表面规格变化，从而提高用于金属化的膜基材的润湿性和/或改善薄膜基材的抗块特性 电影。 沉积的涂层还可以用作阻挡层，用于降低通过基底的光，气体和蒸气透过率的渗透性。
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公开(公告)号：US08601340B2
公开(公告)日：2013-12-03
申请号：US13190194
申请日：2011-07-25
IPC分类号： H03M13/00
CPC分类号： H03M13/2778 , H03M13/2707 , H03M13/271 , H03M13/2742 , H03M13/2757 , H03M13/2767 , H03M13/2782 , H03M13/6502 , H04L1/0071
摘要： Multiple data permutation operations in respective different dimensions are used to provide an overall effective data permutation using smaller blocks of data in each permutation than would be used in directly implementing the overall permutation in a single permutation operation. Data that has been permuted in one permutation operation is block interleaved, and the interleaved data is then permuted in a subsequent permutation operation. A matrix transpose is one example of block interleaving that could be applied between permutation operations.
摘要翻译： 各个不同维度的多个数据置换操作被用于使用比在单个置换操作中直接实现整体置换时使用的每个置换中更小的数据块来提供整体有效的数据置换。 在一个置换操作中已被置换的数据被块交织，并且随后的置换操作中交错的数据被置换。 矩阵转置是可以在置换操作之间应用的块交织的一个示例。
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