摘要:
An engine torque control device is configured to reduce shift shock while shortening shift time and improving shift response in an engine equipped with a shifting unit. In the engine torque control device engine output torque is subjected to feedback control so that the engine speed will be the target speed (synchronizing speed) after a downshift. The feedback control includes at least a proportional control and a differential control. The differential control is halted until the difference between the synchronizing speed and the actual engine speed is equal to or less than a specified value. Differential control is only performed at or below this specified value.
摘要:
A vehicle control apparatus is configured to avoid a forward lunging of a vehicle during a downshift while decelerating. The vehicle control apparatus has a clutch element that operatively coupled to an output of an engine to perform a gear shift operation and a controller that controls engine speed during shifts. If deceleration fuel cutoff conditions are met immediately after engine speed control accompanying a gear shift, delaying the start of fuel cutoff is prohibited and fuel cutoff is started right away whenever the deceleration operating conditions immediately prior to the start of engine speed control have been sustained for at least a specific length of time. On the other hand, if the deceleration duration is less than the specified time, the start of fuel cutoff is delayed so as to avoid catalyst overheating.
摘要:
A vehicle control apparatus is configured to avoid a forward lunging of a vehicle during a downshift while decelerating. The vehicle control apparatus has a clutch element that operatively coupled to an output of an engine to perform a gear shift operation and a controller that controls engine speed during shifts. If deceleration fuel cutoff conditions are met immediately after engine speed control accompanying a gear shift, delaying the start of fuel cutoff is prohibited and fuel cutoff is started right away whenever the deceleration operating conditions immediately prior to the start of engine speed control have been sustained for at least a specific length of time. On the other hand, if the deceleration duration is less than the specified time, the start of fuel cutoff is delayed so as to avoid catalyst overheating.
摘要:
In control apparatus and method for an automotive vehicle, the vehicle having a continuously variable transmission associated with a vehicular engine and including a belt that transmits a revolution of a primary pulley to a secondary pulley that is enabled to make a gear shift by modifying a pulley ratio between the primary and secondary pulleys with a hydraulic, a determination is made as to whether a belt slip between at least one of the primary and the secondary pulleys occurs and an output section outputs a signal to command an engine control unit to increase an engine speed by a predetermined engine speed when the belt slip is determined to occur.
摘要:
An engine torque control device is configured to reduce shift shock while shortening shift time and improving shift response in an engine equipped with a shifting unit. In the engine torque control device engine output torque is subjected to feedback control so that the engine speed will be the target speed (synchronizing speed) after a downshift. The feedback control includes at least a proportional control and a differential control. The differential control is halted until the difference between the synchronizing speed and the actual engine speed is equal to or less than a specified value. Differential control is only performed at or below this specified value.
摘要:
The burn-in apparatus includes a water supply system and a sprayer and has a structure such that water is converted into mist and sprayed onto the upper surface of a device attached to a socket of a burn-in board. The amount of heat generated by the device that generates high heat is removed by the amount of heat that includes a large latent heat from when the mist falls on the upper surface and is evaporated. Burn-in of the device is conducted while it is being cooled to the target temperature.
摘要:
This invention provides a semiconductor film manufacturing method using a new separation technique and applications thereof. The semiconductor film manufacturing method of this invention includes a separation layer forming a step of hetero-epitaxially growing a separation layer (2) on a seed substrate (1), a semiconductor film forming step of forming a semiconductor film (3) on the separation layer (2), and a separation step of separating, by using the separation layer (2), the semiconductor film (3) from a composite member (Ia) formed in the semiconductor film forming step.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is a process for producing a color liquid crystal display device, which comprises the steps of forming a plurality of switching elements on a first transparent substrate; providing a coating layer on the plural switching elements; separately applying curable inks to predetermined opening areas between the switching elements by an ink-jet system to form a color filter; forming a transparent electrode on the color filter; forming a transparent electrode on a second transparent substrate; and charging a liquid crystal into a space between the first and second transparent substrates.
摘要:
A ferritic stainless steel consisting essentially of, in terms of weight %, not greater than 0.005% of C, not greater than 0.008% of N with the proviso that the sum of C and N is not greater than 0.009%, not greater than 0.45% of Si, not greater than 1% of Mn, 10 to 12.5% of Cr, 0.05 to 0.3% of Nb, 8.times.(C+N) to 0.3% of Ti, and the balance consisting of Fe and unavoidable impurities is produced. A ferritic stainless steel for use in exhaust system equipment for cars, which can be produced at a low finish annealing temperature and is excellent in both formability at an ordinary temperature and in high temperature strength, can be provided.
摘要:
To eliminate non-read time in a photoelectric converting device, a photoelectric converting section is provided in which a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements, switching elements, matrix signal wirings, and gate drive wirings are arranged on the same substrate such that the photoelectric converting section generates parallel signals. A drive switching section is provided for applying drive signals to the gate drive wirings. A read switching section is provided for converting the parallel signals which are transferred from the matrix signal wirings into a serial signal, and for outputting the serial signal. The read switching section comprises a plurality of transfer switches respectively connected to the matrix signal wirings. The transfer switches are preferably activated together, simultaneously. A plurality of read capacitors are also provided in the read switching section to store the charges transferred through the matrix signal wirings. The read switching section also includes a plurality of read switches for reading out carriers stored in the plurality of read capacitors. The read switching section also includes reading circuitry for reading the read switches by sequentially switching the read switches so that a period of driving the transfer switches and a period of driving a first one of the read switches are partially overlapped.