公开(公告)号：US5346649A

公开(公告)日：1994-09-13

申请号：US988902

申请日：1992-12-04

申请人： Toivo Karna ,  Jukka Laakso ,  Kalle Levon ,  Esko Savolainen

发明人： Toivo Karna ,  Jukka Laakso ,  Kalle Levon ,  Esko Savolainen

IPC分类号： C08G73/02 ,  C08K5/42 ,  C08L25/04 ,  C08L79/00 ,  C08L79/02 ,  H01B1/12 ,  H01B1/00

CPC分类号： H01B1/128 ,  C08G73/0266 ,  C08K5/42 ,  C08L79/02 ,  C08L25/04

摘要： An electrically conducting plastic material is produced by blending a polyaniline or a derivative thereof with an organic sulfonic acid or a derivative thereof. A reaction product or blend of a polyaniline or a derivative thereof with an organic sulfonic acid or a derivative thereof can be brought to an easy-to-handle or directly melt-processable form through a heat-treatment process carried out at approx. +40.degree. to +250.degree. C. The obtained plastic material is advantageously further improved by blending the heat-treated reaction product or blend with a thermoplastic polymer and then melt-processing the mixed blend. The properties of the resulting compound material exhibit complete compatibility of the heat-treated reaction product or blend with the thermoplastic polymer.

摘要翻译： 通过将聚苯胺或其衍生物与有机磺酸或其衍生物共混来制造导电塑料材料。 聚苯胺或其衍生物与有机磺酸或其衍生物的反应产物或共混物可以通过在约3℃下进行的热处理过程使其易于处理或直接熔融加工形式。 + 40℃至+ 250℃。通过将热处理的反应产物或共混物与热塑性聚合物共混，然后熔融加工该混合共混物，所得塑料材料有利地进一步改进。 所得复合材料的性质表现出热处理反应产物或共混物与热塑性聚合物的完全相容性。

公开(公告)号：US5928565A

公开(公告)日：1999-07-27

申请号：US611004

申请日：1996-03-05

申请人： Toivo Karna ,  Jukka Laakso ,  Kalle Levon ,  Esko Savolainen

发明人： Toivo Karna ,  Jukka Laakso ,  Kalle Levon ,  Esko Savolainen

IPC分类号： C08G73/02 ,  C08K5/42 ,  C08L25/04 ,  C08L79/00 ,  C08L79/02 ,  H01B1/12 ,  H01B1/00 ,  H01B1/20

CPC分类号： H01B1/128 ,  C08G73/0266 ,  C08K5/42 ,  C08L79/02 ,  C08L25/04

摘要： An electrically conducting plastic material is produced by blending a polyaniline or a derivative thereof with an organic sulfonic acid or a derivative thereof. A reaction product or blend of a polyaniline or a derivative thereon with an organic sulfonic acid or a derivative thereof can be brought to an easy-to-handle or directly melt-processable form through a heat-treatment process carried out at approx. +40.degree. to +250.degree. C. The obtained plastic material is advantageously further improved by blending the heat-treated reaction product or blend with a thermoplastic polymer and then melt-processing the mixed blend. The properties of the resulting compound material exhibit complete compatibility of the heat-treated reaction product or blend with the thermoplastic polymer.

摘要翻译： 通过将聚苯胺或其衍生物与有机磺酸或其衍生物共混来制造导电塑料材料。 聚苯胺或其衍生物与有机磺酸或其衍生物的反应产物或共混物可以通过在大约1小时进行的热处理过程使其易于处理或直接熔融加工形式。 + 40℃至+ 250℃。通过将热处理的反应产物或共混物与热塑性聚合物共混，然后熔融加工该混合共混物，所得塑料材料有利地进一步改进。 所得复合材料的性质表现出热处理反应产物或共混物与热塑性聚合物的完全相容性。

公开(公告)号：US08840771B2

公开(公告)日：2014-09-23

申请号：US13097990

申请日：2011-04-29

申请人： Kalle Levon ,  Eduard Nasybulin ,  Shu Wei ,  Ian Albuquerque

发明人： Kalle Levon ,  Eduard Nasybulin ,  Shu Wei ,  Ian Albuquerque

IPC分类号： C25D9/02 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L51/00 ,  H01L51/42

CPC分类号： H01L51/441 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  C25D9/02 ,  H01L51/0037 ,  H01L51/0047 ,  H01L51/0097 ,  H01L51/4253 ,  H01L51/442 ,  H02S30/20 ,  Y02E10/549

摘要： An electrochemical method for producing a hole extraction layer in a solar cell based on organic semiconductor materials. Conjugated polymers are used to build a hole extraction layer and a photoactive layer. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is used as a hole extraction layer and is deposited electrochemically from an aqueous solution on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. A nanofibrilar or nanogranular morphology of the PEDOT is achieved by carrying out the polymerization in the presence of a surfactant. A photoactive layer of poly(3-hexylthiophene)/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PCBM) can be deposited by spin-coating technique on top of the PEDOT layer.

摘要翻译： 一种基于有机半导体材料制造太阳能电池中的空穴提取层的电化学方法。 共轭聚合物用于构建空穴提取层和光活性层。 使用聚（3,4-亚乙基二氧噻吩）（PEDOT）作为空穴萃取层，并从氧化锡（ITO）电极上的水溶液电化学沉积。 通过在表面活性剂的存在下进行聚合来实现PEDOT的纳米纤维或纳米晶体形态。 聚（3-己基噻吩）/ [6,6] - 苯基-C61-丁酸甲酯（P3HT / PCBM）的光敏层可通过旋涂技术沉积在PEDOT层的顶部。

公开(公告)号：US07824539B2

公开(公告)日：2010-11-02

申请号：US11090944

申请日：2005-03-25

申请人： Yanxiu Zhou ,  Bin Yu ,  Kalle Levon

发明人： Yanxiu Zhou ,  Bin Yu ,  Kalle Levon

IPC分类号： G01N27/26

CPC分类号： C12Q1/6825 ,  C12Q2600/156 ,  G01N27/333 ,  C12Q2565/518

摘要： Ionic interactions are monitored to detect hybridization. The measurement may be done measuring the potential change in the solution with the ion sensitive electrode (which may be the conducting polymer (e.g., polyaniline) itself), without applying any external energy during the binding. The double helix formation during the complimentary hybridization makes this electrode act as an ion selective electrode—the nucleotide hydrogen bonding is specific and thus monitoring the ionic phosphate group addition becomes selective. Polyaniline on the surface of nylon film forms a positively charged polymer film. Thiol linkage can be utilized for polyaniline modification and thiol-modified single strand oligonucleotide chains can be added to polyaniline. The sensitivity is because the double helix formation during the complimentary hybridization makes this electrode act as an ion selective electrode as the nucleotide hydrogen bonding is specific and thus monitoring the ionic phosphate group addition becomes selective.

摘要翻译： 监测离子相互作用以检测杂交。 测量可以通过离子敏感电极（其可以是导电聚合物（例如聚苯胺）本身））测量溶液中的潜在变化，而在结合期间不施加任何外部能量。 在互补杂交期间的双螺旋形成使得该电极用作离子选择性电极 - 核苷酸氢键是特异性的，因此监测离子性磷酸酯基添加成为选择性的。 尼龙膜表面的聚苯胺形成带正电的聚合物膜。 硫醇连接可用于聚苯胺改性，硫醇改性的单链寡核苷酸链可以加入到聚苯胺中。 敏感性是因为互补杂交期间的双螺旋形成使得该电极作为离子选择性电极，因为核苷酸氢键是特异性的，因此监测离子性磷酸酯基添加成为选择性的。

公开(公告)号：US20080227651A1

公开(公告)日：2008-09-18

申请号：US11089436

申请日：2005-03-24

申请人： Yanxiu Zhou ,  Bin Yu ,  Kalle Levon

发明人： Yanxiu Zhou ,  Bin Yu ,  Kalle Levon

IPC分类号： C40B30/00 ,  C40B40/06 ,  C40B50/18

CPC分类号： C12Q1/6825 ,  B01J2219/00653 ,  B01J2219/00713 ,  B01J2219/00722 ,  C12Q1/6874 ,  G01N27/48 ,  C12Q2565/607 ,  C12Q2565/501

摘要： Cyclic voltammetry (CV) may be used with novel sensors for identifying the presence of target sequences complementary to probe sequences. The sensor may include an electrode layer (which is used as a working electrode in a CV system), a conductive polymer layer, and probes immobilized (e.g., via sulfur) on the conductive polymer layer. The conductive polymer layer may be polyaniline, or the like. The probes may be immobilized on the polymer layer using an electro-chemical immobilization technique in the presence of nucleophiles, such as thiol groups for example. The probes may be oligionucleotides. Thus, the sensors may be used for identifying genomic sequence variations and detecting mismatch base pairs, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for example.

摘要翻译： 循环伏安法（CV）可用于识别存在与探针序列互补的靶序列的新型传感器。 传感器可以包括电极层（其用作CV系统中的工作电极），导电聚合物层和在导电聚合物层上固定（例如通过硫）的探针）。 导电聚合物层可以是聚苯胺等。 探针可以使用电化学固定技术在亲核试剂例如巯基的存在下固定在聚合物层上。 探针可以是寡核苷酸。 因此，传感器可用于鉴定基因组序列变异并检测错配碱基对，例如单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。

公开(公告)号：US06827840B2

公开(公告)日：2004-12-07

申请号：US10170903

申请日：2002-06-13

申请人： Kalle Levon ,  Bin Yu ,  Yanxiu Zhou

发明人： Kalle Levon ,  Bin Yu ,  Yanxiu Zhou

IPC分类号： G01N27327

CPC分类号： G01N27/3335

摘要： Enantiomeric resolution is realized by combining an electrochemical method with ligand exchange (LE) in a novel electrochemical method named chiral ligand exchange potentiometry. Chiral selector ligands preferentially recognize certain enantiomers and undergo ligand exchange with the enantiomeric labile coordination complexes to form diastereoisomeric complexes. These complexes can form in solution and be recognized by an unmodified electrode, or they can be immobilized on the surface of a modified electrode (chiral sensor) incorporated with the chiral selector ligand by polysiloxane monolayer immobilization (PMI). Considerable stereoselectivity occurs in the formation of these diastereoisomeric complexes, and their net charges (Nernst factors) are different, thus enabling enantiomers to be distinguished by potentiometric electrodes without any pre-separation processes.

摘要翻译： 通过将电化学方法与配体交换（LE）结合在一种称为手性配体交换电位法的新型电化学方法中来实现对映体拆分。 手性选择配体优先识别某些对映异构体并与对映异构体不稳定配位络合物进行配体交换以形成非对映异构体复合物。 这些配合物可以在溶液中形成并被未改性的电极识别，或者它们可以通过聚硅氧烷单层固定化（PMI）固定在掺入手性选择配体的改性电极（手性传感器）的表面上。 在形成这些非对映异构体复合物时会产生相当大的立体选择性，它们的净电荷（能斯特因子）是不同的，因此能够通过电位电极区分对映异构体，而无需任何预分离过程。

公开(公告)号：US07435852B2

公开(公告)日：2008-10-14

申请号：US11112717

申请日：2005-04-22

申请人： Kalle Levon ,  Tsunehiro Sai

发明人： Kalle Levon ,  Tsunehiro Sai

IPC分类号： C07C211/00

CPC分类号： C09B59/00 ,  H01B1/128

摘要： Methods for preparing an oligomer exhibiting supramolecular extension of π-conjugation are described. The manipulation of intra-oligomeric properties such as π-conjugation length and the precise architecture(s) resulting from inter-oligomeric variations resulting from supramolecular chemistry offers great promise in the design of nanoscale devices. As shown, self-assembly of the supramolecular structure can be induced by causing a molecule: dopant molar ratio to go beyond the predicted theoretical fully-doped molar ratio.

摘要翻译： 描述了制备显示出π共轭的超分子延伸的低聚物的方法。 寡聚物性质的操作，例如π共轭长度和由超分子化学引起的低分子变化产生的精确结构在纳米级器件的设计中提供了巨大的前景。 如图所示，超分子结构的自组装可以通过使分子：掺杂剂摩尔比超过预测的理论充分掺杂摩尔比来诱导。

公开(公告)号：US20050230271A1

公开(公告)日：2005-10-20

申请号：US11033046

申请日：2005-01-11

申请人： Kalle Levon ,  Arifur Rahman ,  Tsunehiro Sai ,  Ben Zhao

发明人： Kalle Levon ,  Arifur Rahman ,  Tsunehiro Sai ,  Ben Zhao

IPC分类号： G01N27/26 ,  G01N27/414

CPC分类号： G01N27/4145 ,  G01N27/4148

摘要： Specific ionic interactions with a sensing material that is electrically coupled with the floating gate of a floating gate-based ion sensitive field effect transistor (FGISFET) may be used to sense a target material. For example, an FGISFET can use (e.g., previously demonstrated) ionic interaction-based sensing techniques with the floating gate of floating gate field effect transistors. The floating gate can serves as a probe and an interface to convert chemical and/or biological signals to electrical signals, which can be measured by monitoring the change in the device's threshold voltage, VT.

摘要翻译： 可以使用与浮置栅极离子敏感场效应晶体管（FGISFET）的浮动栅极电耦合的感测材料的特定离子相互作用来感测目标材料。 例如，FGISFET可以使用浮动栅极场效应晶体管的浮动栅极（例如，先前证明的）基于离子相互作用的感测技术。 浮动栅极可以用作探针和将化学和/或生物信号转换成电信号的接口，这可以通过监测器件的阈值电压V T T的变化来测量。

公开(公告)号：US10132773B2

公开(公告)日：2018-11-20

申请号：US12328888

申请日：2008-12-05

申请人： Kalle Levon ,  Arifur Rahman ,  Tsunehiro Sai ,  Ben Zhao

发明人： Kalle Levon ,  Arifur Rahman ,  Tsunehiro Sai ,  Ben Zhao

IPC分类号： G01N27/414

摘要： Specific ionic interactions with a sensing material that is electrically coupled with the floating gate of a floating gate-based ion sensitive field effect transistor (FGISFET) may be used to sense a target material. For example, an FGISFET can use (e.g., previously demonstrated) ionic interaction-based sensing techniques with the floating gate of floating gate field effect transistors. The floating gate can serves as a probe and an interface to convert chemical and/or biological signals to electrical signals, which can be measured by monitoring the change in the device's threshold voltage, VT.

公开(公告)号：US08679806B2

公开(公告)日：2014-03-25

申请号：US12176942

申请日：2008-07-21

申请人： Kalle Levon ,  Bin Yu ,  Yanxiu Zhou

发明人： Kalle Levon ,  Bin Yu ,  Yanxiu Zhou

IPC分类号： C12N13/00 ,  C12N11/00 ,  G01N33/53 ,  C12Q1/00

CPC分类号： C12Q1/00 ,  C07K9/00 ,  C07K14/32 ,  C07K17/00 ,  C12Q1/003 ,  G01N33/53 ,  G01N33/54353 ,  G01N33/5438 ,  G01N33/54393 ,  G01N33/552

摘要： A real-time method employing a portable peptide-containing potentiometric biosensor, can directly detect and/or quantify bacterial spores. Two peptides for specific recognition of B. subtilis and B. anthracis Sterne may be immobilized by a polysiloxane monolayer immobilization (PMI) technique. The sensors translate the biological recognition event into a potential change by detecting, for example, B. subtilis spores in a concentration range of 0.08-7.3×104 CFU/ml. The sensing method exhibited highly selective recognition properties towards Bacillus subtilis spores over other kinds of spores. The selectivity coefficients of the sensors for other kinds of spores are in the range of 0-1.0×10−5. The biosensor method not only has the specificity to distinguish Bacillus subtilis spores in a mixture of B. subtilis and B. thuringiensis (thur.) Kurstaki spores, but also can discriminate between live and dead B. subtilis spores. Furthermore, the sensing method can distinguish a Bacillus subtilis 1A700 from other B. subtilis strain. Assay time may be as low as about 5 minutes for a single test. Rapid identification of B. anthracis Sterne and B. anthracis ΔAmes was also provided.

摘要翻译： 采用便携式含肽电位生物传感器的实时方法可以直接检测和/或定量细菌孢子。 用于特异性识别枯草芽孢杆菌和炭疽芽孢杆菌的两种肽可以通过聚硅氧烷单层固定（PMI）技术来固定。 传感器通过检测例如浓度范围为0.08-7.3×104CFU / ml的枯草芽孢杆菌孢子将生物识别事件转化为潜在的变化。 该感测方法在其他种类的孢子上表现出对枯草芽孢杆菌孢子的高度选择性识别性能。 其他类型孢子传感器的选择性系数在0-1.0×10-5的范围内。 生物传感器方法不仅具有区分枯草芽孢杆菌和苏云金芽孢杆菌（Thur。）Kurstaki孢子的混合物中的枯草芽孢杆菌孢子的特异性，而且可以区分活枯枯病芽孢杆菌孢子和死枯病芽孢杆菌孢子。 此外，感测方法可以将枯草芽孢杆菌1A700与其他枯草芽孢杆菌菌株区分开。 单次测试的测定时间可能低至约5分钟。 还提供了炭疽杆菌和炭疽芽孢杆菌的快速鉴定。