摘要:
An apparatus for controlling the resistivity of ultra pure water, including a housing to house a gas permeable membrane, an inlet for untreated ultra pure water which communicates with an ultra pure water path, and an outlet for resistivity-controlled ultra pure water which communicates with the ultra pure water path. The gas permeable membrane divides the interior of the housing into the ultra pure water path and a mixed gas path. A mixed gas is selected from the group consisting of a mixed gas including carbon dioxide and a gas having a lower resistivity controlling ability than carbon dioxide and a mixed gas including ammonia and a gas having a lower resistivity controlling ability than ammonia. The gas permeable membrane is capable of supplying carbon dioxide or ammonia to the untreated ultra pure water at a concentration equal to or more than 90% of the equilibrium concentration.
摘要:
A small flow of a water with a high carbon dioxide content (normally a carbon-dioxide-saturated water) is produced using hollow-fiber membranes, and is uniformly mixed with a large flow of untreated water with constant proportions. Since the hollow-fiber membrane module has a reserve capacity for adding carbon dioxide to the water, the resistivity of the mixed water is maintained at a constant level by maintaining constant proportions of the small and large flows, even if the total flow rate fluctuates due to fluctuations in the rate of water used in a subsequent process. Accordingly, no automated control device is particularly necessary in order to maintain the resistivity at a constant level. Therefore, a compact and simple apparatus can be produced which can operate at a low cost.
摘要:
To provide a papermaking internal sizing agent capable of efficiently imparting sizing performance even in neutral papermaking which uses calcium carbonate as filler, and uses no aluminum sulfate or uses a small amount of aluminum sulfate, and also provide a paper or a paperboard obtained by using the papermaking internal sizing agent. The papermaking internal sizing agent comprises as an effective ingredient an amphoteric copolymer having hydrophobic groups and cationic groups, at least a part of the cationic groups being quaternized. Preferably, the amphoteric copolymer is obtained by polymerizing monomer ingredients that it essentially contain a hydrophobic monomer (A), a cationic monomer (B), and an anionic monomer (C) and that an anion equivalent of the monomer (C) is 0.1 to 90% of a cation equivalent of the monomer (B), in which a rate of quaternizing of the cationic groups is not less than 40% by mole. The paper or the paperboard contains the above papermaking internal sizing agent.
摘要:
To effectively impart sizing performance to paper, while reducing the amounts of an internal sizing agent and aluminum sulfate, the invention provides as a papermaking additive a mixture of a cationic copolymer having a hydrophobic group whose quarterization ratio is 40% by mole or more, or an amphoteric copolymer having a hydrophobic group which has the same quarterization ratio as above, and in which the ratio of the anion equivalent to the cation equivalent is 0.1 to 90%, and a filler (a pretreated filler). The pretreated filler is one in which suitable water repellency is imparted to the filler. Hence, by adding this to pulp slurry, followed by a wet papermaking, the pretreated filler is efficiently adsorbed onto pulp fibers having anionic property, so that effective sizing performance can be imparted to the paper by using a smaller amount thereof than the internal sizing agent, while reducing the amounts of the internal sizing agent and the aluminum sulfate.
摘要:
An asymmetric polymer membrane is disclosed characterized by being formed by irradiating a monomer and/or an oligomer polymerizable with an energy ray and having a pore diameter distribution in the thickness direction of the membrane, a ratio of a permeability flux of oxygen to nitrogen of 0.9-1.1, and communicating pores.
摘要:
A disk substrate is supported by a support base formed on a center pin which is vertically movable on a selective basis, a table is set below the disk substrate, and a stamper is positioned on the table by means of a guide ring or the like. A ring-shaped portion of resin which is cured upon radiation of ultraviolet rays is set on the stamper. The center pin is then caused to descend by means of a drive mechanism, to a first position, at which position the disk substrate is on the point of contact with the resin. Then, the disk substrate is caused to descend intermittently in units of very small amounts, to a second position, at which position the entire periphery of the ring-like resin is brought into contact with the disk substrate. From the second position, the disk substrate is made to descend by means of the a load of a weight while, at the same time, the ring-shaped portion of resin is drawn by vacuum suction from its central position, thereby forming on the surface of the stamper a resin layer on which a record, formed on the stamper, is imprinted.
摘要:
A surface sizing agent is provided which has excellent dispersion stability, enables impartation of high sizing performance under a wide range of use conditions, irrespective of the characteristics of water used for sizing (hardness, pH, etc.) and the type of paper, and has low foaming property and good coating workability. Specifically, in a dispersion-type surface sizing agent obtained by emulsion polymerization of a monomer composition in the presence of a degraded dextrin, 20-40 parts by weight of a degraded dextrin having a weight average molecular weight of 26000-50000, obtained by enzyme denaturation of a waxy corn starch, are allowed to exist to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the monomer composition, and the monomer composition includes (a) 10-35% by weight of at least one type of (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester, (b) 40-80% by weight of other copolymerizable hydrophobic monomer, and (c) 1-10% by weight of a strong acid group-containing monomer.
摘要:
A membrane artificial lung performs gas exchange between blood and a gas via the membrane by flowing the blood in one side of the membrane and flowing oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the other side of the membrane. The membrane has a hollow fiber membrane of poly-4-methylpentene-1 and an oxygen permeation rate Q(O2) at 25° C. of from 1×10−6 to 3×10−3 (cm3(STP)/cm2·sec·cmHg) and an ethanol flux of from 0.1 to 100 ml/min·m2. The membrane has, in the side of the blood flow, a surface having an ionic complex derived from: quaternary aliphatic alkylammonium salts; and heparin or a heparin derivative. The quaternary alkylammonium salts are a quaternary aliphatic alkylammonium salt having from 22 to 26 carbon atoms in total and a quaternary aliphatic alkylammonium salt having from 37 to 40 carbon atoms in total.
摘要翻译:膜人造肺通过使血液在膜的一侧流动并在膜的另一侧流动氧气或含氧气体,通过膜进行血液和气体之间的气体交换。 该膜具有聚-4-甲基戊烯-1的中空纤维膜和25℃下的氧渗透速率Q(O 2 O 2),为1×10 -6以上至 3×10 -3(cm 3)(STP)/ cm 2·sec·secHg),乙醇流量为0.1〜100ml / min .m 2 SUP>。 膜在血流侧具有一个具有衍生自:季脂族烷基铵盐的离子络合物的表面; 和肝素或肝素衍生物。 季烷基铵盐是总共具有22至26个碳原子的季脂族烷基铵盐和总共具有37至40个碳原子的季脂族烷基铵盐。
摘要:
A process for the preparation of a substrate for an optical disk having spiral or concentric guide grooves formed on the surface thereof, which comprises the steps of casting a radiation- and heat-curable liquid resin mixture between a duplicating mold and a transport substrate, curing the liquid resin mixture by irradiating it with radiation from the side of the transparent substrate, peeling the molded body from the duplicating mold and heat-polymerizing the obtained molded body by heating, wherein a mixture comprising a liquid resin having a terminal acrylic group and/or a terminal methacrylic group and an organic peroxide is used as the radiation- and heat-curable liquid resin mixture.
摘要:
To provide a papermaking internal sizing agent capable of efficiently imparting sizing performance even in neutral papermaking which uses calcium carbonate as filler, and uses no aluminum sulfate or uses a small amount of aluminum sulfate, and also provide a paper or a paperboard obtained by using the papermaking internal sizing agent. The papermaking internal sizing agent comprises as an effective ingredient an amphoteric copolymer having hydrophobic groups and cationic groups, at least a part of the cationic groups being quaternized. Preferably, the amphoteric copolymer is obtained by polymerizing monomer ingredients that it essentially contain a hydrophobic monomer (A), a cationic monomer (B), and an anionic monomer (C) and that an anion equivalent of the monomer (C) is 0.1 to 90% of a cation equivalent of the monomer (B), in which a rate of quaternizing of the cationic groups is not less than 40% by mole. The paper or the paperboard contains the above papermaking internal sizing agent.