摘要:
A metal article comprises an alloy substrate having a surface and a non-diffused metal monolayer disposed thereon. The surface has a first surface work function value Φs. The non-diffused monolayer deposited on the surface has a second surface work function value Φs that is less negative than the first surface work function value. A method for depositing the monolayer via underpotential deposition (UPD) is also disclosed.
摘要:
A metal article comprises an alloy substrate having a surface and a non-diffused metal monolayer disposed thereon. The surface has a first surface work function value Φs. The non-diffused monolayer deposited on the surface has a second surface work function value Φs that is less negative than the first surface work function value. A method for depositing the monolayer via underpotential deposition (UPD) is also disclosed.
摘要:
A surface preparation solution comprises an ionic liquid solvent and a water and oxygen scavenging species. Methods for making the solution, and methods for using the solution to prepare and activate a substrate surface for bulk electrodeposition are also disclosed.
摘要:
A refrigeration system has a compartment and a first cooling device. The first cooling device cools the compartment and generates a magnetic field. The refrigeration system also has a second device. The second device uses the generated magnetic field for additional cooling to the compartment.
摘要:
A gas sensor includes a housing having disposed therein a membrane electrode assembly comprising a sensing electrode, a counter electrode, and a polymer membrane disposed between the sensing electrode and the counter electrode. The polymer membrane comprises an ionic liquid retained therein. The sensor also includes a catalyst support that can be stable in a range of potentials to allow for detection mode and catalyst regeneration mode to be operative. The sensor further includes a circuitry and algorithm to implement the catalyst regeneration mechanism electrochemically. The sensor further includes a chamber for reference gas to which the counter electrode is exposed, and a chamber for test gas to which a gas to be tested is exposed. The sensor also includes a pathway for test gas to enter the chamber and a measured electrical circuit connecting the sensing electrode and the counter electrode.
摘要:
A membrane electrode assembly for a gas sensor is described that includes a membrane disposed between a sensing electrode and a counter electrode. The membrane is a polymer membrane, such as an ionomer, having an ionic liquid retained therein.
摘要:
A gas sensor includes a housing having disposed therein a membrane electrode assembly comprising a sensing electrode, a counter electrode, and a polymer membrane disposed between the sensing electrode and the counter electrode. The polymer membrane comprises an ionic liquid retained therein. The sensor also includes a catalyst support that can be stable in a range of potentials to allow for detection mode and catalyst regeneration mode to be operative. The sensor further includes a circuitry and algorithm to implement the catalyst regeneration mechanism electrochemically. The sensor further includes a chamber for reference gas to which the counter electrode is exposed, and a chamber for test gas to which a gas to be tested is exposed. The sensor also includes a pathway for test gas to enter the chamber and a measured electrical circuit connecting the sensing electrode and the counter electrode.
摘要:
A control device for a thermo-electric device having a heat source side and a heat sink side. The control device has a detector for detecting a temperature difference between the heat source side and the heat sink side. The detector modulates a current for providing an optimal current to the thermo-electric device.
摘要:
A hybrid air conditioning system (45) having both a conventional air conditioning system (46) and thermoelectric modules (80, 85, 90, 95) to provide heating and cooling, the thermoelectric modules (80, 85, 90, 95) providing waste heat or waste cooling to offset the demand on the conventional air conditioning system (46) and thereby reducing energy consumption and enhancing efficiency of the overall system (45).
摘要:
A control device for a thermo-electric device having a heat source side and a heat sink side. The control device has a detector for detecting a temperature difference between the heat source side and the heat sink side. The detector modulates a current for providing an optimal current to the thermo-electric device.