摘要:
A reduced size four-stroke engine and a working machine using the same are provided. A fuel tank is disposed in the space below a carburetor and an engine base is integrally formed with a fuel tank. By this means, the fuel tank is disposed in the space below the carburetor, and therefore the oil tank is not required to be disposed below the oil tank, so that it is possible to reduce the size.
摘要:
A color apparatus includes an electroexpansive actuator, a unit for supplying a charge to the electroexpansive actuator, and a unit for controlling an amount of charge discharged from the electroexpansive actuator, and a stroke of the electroexpansive actuator is controlled in accordance with the amount of charge discharged therefrom. When such an electroexpansive actuator is applied to a control apparatus for a fuel injection valve, a fuel injection amount per ON/OFF operation of the fuel injection valve or a fuel injection rate can be freely controlled.
摘要:
A fuel injection system comprising a fuel injection pump, at least one fuel injection nozzle connected thereto, and a control device for varying the rate of injection of the system according to varying engine parameters. The control device has a variable volume chamber, the volume of which is varied by a piston located by a piezoelectric actuator. The variable volume chamber and a pumping chamber of the pump is intermittently connected by a passage which is specifically designed in such a manner that the fluid communication between the chambers, during the delivery stroke of a pump plunger, is provided only for an initial stage of the delivery stroke. A rate of injection is controlled in the initial stage to perform a pilot injection. In the subsequent stage, in which there is no need for rate-of-injection control, the variable volume chamber is isolated from the pumping chamber in order to relieve the piezoelectric actuator from an excessively high fuel pressure that would cause degradation of the piezoelectric elements.
摘要:
A piezoelectric flow control valve comprising a slidable closure member (22) for controlling a flow of fluid through a fluid passage (42) between a fluid inlet (40) and a fluid outlet (32). The closure member (22) is biased toward a normally closed position by a plunger (70) responsive to a hydraulic pressure in a pressure chamber (78) which is in fluid communication with the fluid inlet (40) through a restriction and with a pumping chamber (96) of a piezoelectric pump (72). In order to prevent fluid leakage under situations wherein the fluid pressure at the fluid inlet (40) is not high enough to ensure closure of the member (22), the present invention provides spring biased pressure mechanism (106) for biasing the closure member (22) toward the normally closed position and override means (130) for overriding the pressure mechanism (106) in response to a predetermined pressure at the fluid inlet (40).
摘要:
An electronically controllable, ultra-high pressure fuel injector comprises a differential pressure type injection nozzle which is opened and closed by an actuating element operated by a hydraulic power cylinder including a piston received in a working chamber. Working fuel to the working chamber of the power cylinder is ON/OFF controlled by an electronically controllable solenoid valve which when energized releases the pressure in the working chamber to open the injection nozzle. In order to ensure that the power cylinder is controlled by a compact, high response solenoid valve, the construction of the power cylinder and the injection nozzle is such that the force applied to the power cylinder piston by the working fuel pressure in the working chamber is substantially greater than the force applied to the actuating element by the fuel pressure in the pressure chamber in the injection nozzle or the fuel pressure in the passage for supplying the working fuel. Preferably, the fuel injector is provided with an injection rate control arrangement such as a flow control arrangement for limiting the flow rate of working fuel as it enters the working chamber and for increasing the flow rate of the working fuel as it is released therefrom, so that the rate of injection increases gradually at the outset of fuel injection but rapidly drops at the completion of the injection.
摘要:
A fuel injection apparatus for an internal combustion engine comprising: a nozzle body; a nozzle formed at the bottom of the nozzle body; an electroexpansive actuator having the electroexpansive effect; a valve member, slideably mounted within the nozzle body; and a fuel chamber formed between the electroexpansive actuator and the valve member. When the electroexpansive actuator expands to reduce the volume of the fuel chamber, the valve member is moved in the closed direction of the nozzle. When the electroexpansive actuator contracts to increase the volume of the fuel chamber, the valve member is moved in the open direction of the nozzle.
摘要:
A multiitem indicating device for indicating a title of a desired item, its units and a detected electrical value corresponding to the desired item comprises a pair of drums around which a plurality of titles and their units are indicated respectively, and which are coaxially connected by a connecting shaft so as to be rotated integrally about an axis thereof. An angular position detecting means includes a code plate and a code sensor for detecting an angular position of the two drums and producing electric signals corresponding to said angular position and a figure indicator disposed in a groove surrounded by the two drums and the connecting shaft. Since the title and the detected value and the unit which correspond to the title can be detected on the same straight line on the same plane, the obtained data can be easily and precisely observed.
摘要:
An exposure apparatus (EX) exposes a substrate (P) by projecting an image of a pattern on the substrate (P) via a projection optical system (PL) and a liquid (1). The exposure device (EX) has a liquid supply mechanism (10) which supplies the liquid (1) between the projection optical system (PL) and the substrate (P). The liquid feeding mechanism (10) stops the supply of the liquid (1) when abnormality is detected. This suppresses influence to devices and members in the periphery of the substrate caused by leakage of the liquid forming a liquid immersion area, thereby realizing satisfactory exposure processing.
摘要:
A solenoid valve provided with a relief passage by means of which a high-pressure side and a low-pressure side communicate with each other for use, for example, in combination with a fuel injection pump, comprises a valve element capable of being advanced into and retracted from the relief passage, a first compression spring for biasing the valve element in the retracting direction, an armature attached to the rear end of the valve element, an electromagnet for attracting the armature to disconnect the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side from each other by advancing the valve element into the relief passage against the resilience of the first compression coil spring, and a second compression coil spring for holding the armature in a predetermined position close to the electromagnet against the biasing force of the first compression coil spring when the electromagnet is demagnetized.