Abstract:
A method for removing oxide from a metallic substrate is described. The method includes providing a stream of boron trifluoride; heating the metallic substrate at a first temperature; and heating the metallic substrate at a second temperature different from the first temperature. An associated apparatus is also described.
Abstract:
A surface treatment method includes: contacting a substrate with a treatment material, the substrate comprising a metallic element, the treatment material comprising an alkaline earth metal element, an alkali metal element, or any combination thereof; and forming on the substrate a surface layer comprising a first oxide of the alkaline earth metal element, the alkali metal element, or any combination thereof and a second oxide of the metallic element. A device has: a substrate layer comprising a metallic element; and a surface layer comprising a first oxide of an alkaline earth metal element, an alkali metal element, or any combination thereof, and a second oxide of the metallic element.
Abstract:
A method for removing oxide materials from a crack of a metallic workpiece comprises: infiltrating an alkali solution into the crack in a pressurized atmosphere or an ultrasonic environment; applying an energy to the crack to react the oxide materials with the alkali solution and form a resultant material; and rinsing the resultant material with an acid solution to remove the resultant material from the crack. The method is easier to penetrate into the inside of the cracks, in particular suitable for cleaning narrow and deep cracks.
Abstract:
An apparatus has a surface exposable to a byproduct carbonaceous material formation environment and comprising a perovskite material having an ABO3 perovskite structure and being of formula AaBbO3-δ, wherein 0.9
Abstract:
An article including a metal substrate, an anti-coking catalyst layer and an alumina barrier layer disposed between the metal substrate and the anti-coking catalyst layer is provided. A process for making the article is also provided.
Abstract:
A composition useful in methods and apparatuses for inhibiting the build-up of byproduct carbonaceous material includes a perovskite material or a precursor therefor; and a yttrium doped ceria or a precursor therefor.
Abstract:
A method for cracking hydrocarbon includes: providing hydrocarbon; and feeding the hydrocarbon into an apparatus having an inner surface accessible to hydrocarbon, the inner surface comprising a perovskite material and a tuning material; wherein a yield of coke in the apparatus is lower than that in an apparatus without the perovskite material; and a yield of carbon monoxide in the apparatus is lower than that in an apparatus without the tuning material. An associated apparatus is also described.