摘要:
A nonvolatile semiconductor memory includes a cell array prepared by arranging erasable and programmable memory cell transistors in rows and columns, word lines arranged in correspondence with the respective rows of the cell array and connected to the control gates of the memory cell transistors, digit lines arranged in correspondence with the respective columns of the cell array and connected to the drains of the memory cell transistors, source lines connected to the sources of the memory cell transistors, and a source power supply circuit for applying a source voltage to the source lines in an erase operation. This memory erases by the source voltage data in the memory cell transistors in the rows and columns of the cell array. The source power supply circuit is a circuit including a first P-channel transistor which sets a current to be supplied to the source lines to a predetermined value in the erase operation in a range wherein the source voltage is lower than a predetermined potential, and a second P-channel transistor which sets the current to be supplied to the source lines so as to decrease faster than the current decreased by the characteristic of the first transistor with an increase in source voltage in a range wherein the source voltage is higher than the predetermined potential.
摘要:
A non-volatile semiconductor memory is composed of split gate type memory cell transistors, each of which comprises a source region and a drain region formed at a principal surface of a semiconductor substrate, separately from each other to form a channel region between the source region and the drain region. This channel region is divided into a first channel region adjacent to the drain region and a second channel region adjacent to the source region. A first gate insulator film is formed on a surface of the first channel region, and a control gate electrode is formed on the first gate insulator film. An insulator layer is formed on the source region and the drain region, and a second gate insulator film is formed on an upper surface and a pair of opposite side surfaces of the control gate electrode and on a surface of the second channel region. A floating gate electrode is formed on the second gate insulator film to have opposite ends terminating on the insulator layer formed on the source region and the insulator layer formed on the drain region, respectively.
摘要:
A direct-injection spark-ignition engine in which a combustible mixture is produced around a spark plug at an ignition point by causing a tumble and a fuel spray to collide with each other in a combustion chamber during stratified charge combustion comprises a fuel pressure controller which controls fuel pressure such that penetration of the fuel spray from a fuel injector is progressively intensified with an increase in engine speed in a stratified charge combustion region and means for controlling fuel injection timing including an injection timing setter. The means for controlling fuel injection timing controls the injection timing in such a way that the interval between a fuel injection ending point and the ignition point becomes progressively shorter as engine speed increases under the same engine load conditions in the stratified charge combustion region.
摘要:
A nonvolatile semiconductor memory device with improved writing characteristics. The memory device has memory cell transistors arranged in rows and columns. The memory cell transistors belonging to the same column share a source region and a drain region, and a channel region is disposed between the source and drain regions. The interval between the source and drain regions is the isolation width. Each of the memory cell transistors has a floating gate electrode disposed on the channel region with a first gate insulating film and a control gate electrode disposed on the floating gate electrode with a second gate insulating film. The floating gate electrode does not have a constant width and has a portion narrower than the isolation width which is free from the floating gate electrode. The narrower portion is typically formed as a constricted portion of the floating gate electrode.
摘要:
Piperidine derivatives having the formula ##STR1## wherein R' represents an alkyl, an acyl, an alkoxycarbonyl, an amino or nitroso group;X represents oxygen or sulfur;Y represents oxygen, sulfur or a group of the formula .dbd.N--R" in which R" is hydrogen or alkyl;Z represents oxygen or a group of the formula >N--R'" in which R'" is hydrogen or alkyl;n is an integer of 1 to 4; andR represents, when n is 1, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, substituted phosphino or substituted phosphinyl, when n is 2, alkylene, alkenylene, arylene, aralkylene; alkylenediphenylene, bis-(alkoxycarbonyl) alkylene, alkylene-bis-(oxycarbonylalkyl), dialkylene ether or diphenylene ether, when n is 3, alkanetriyl,tris-(alkoxycarbonyl)alkanetriyl, alkanetriyl-tris-(oxycarbonylalkyl) or a group of the formula ##STR2## in which p is an integer of 1 through 8 inclusive, and, when n is 4, alkanetetrayl,tetrakis-(alkoxycarbonyl) alkanetetrayl or alkanetetrayl-tetrakis-(oxycarbonylalkyl).The piperidine derivatives (I) of this invention are prepared in various manners and useful as stabilizers for synthetic polymers against thermal- and photo-deterioration thereof. A typical example of such a stabilizer is 1,3,8-triaza-3,8-dibenzyl-1,7,7,9,9-pentamethyl-spiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione.
摘要:
A novel piperidine derivative having a stabilizing effect on a synthetic polymeric material and a composition comprising said piperidine derivative and a synthetic polymeric material.
摘要:
A direct-injection spark-ignition engine includes a spark plug provided approximately at the center of the ceiling of a combustion chamber, and an injector having at its downstream end a nozzle which is located in an upper peripheral area of the combustion chamber, in which multiple openings are formed in the nozzle of the injector. Fuel is injected from the nozzle of the injector directly toward the proximity of an electrode of the spark plug. The directions of axis lines of the individual openings are set such that central points of fuel jets spewed out of the individual openings do not lie on the spark plug but are distributed around the electrode, slightly separated therefrom.
摘要:
During stratified-charge combustion operation of a direct-injection spark ignition engine, at the cylinder compression stroke, a tumble is generated which flows between a spark plug electrode and a piston crown surface toward an injector. A fuel is injected from the injector in correspondence with the cylinder ignition timing by controlling the penetration of fuel spray from the injector to correspond to the tumble flow rate so that the fuel spray may go against the tumble, become a flammable mixture at the cylinder ignition timing and stay near the spark plug electrode. In the late stage of the compression stroke, diffusion of the flammable mixture is suppressed with squishes. Thus, fuel spray behavior in the combustion chamber is controlled to allow suitable mixture stratification over a wide engine operating condition range. This improves combustion quality and extends a stratified-charge combustion zone thereby providing enhanced fuel economy and power output.
摘要:
Piperidine-spiro-hydantoin derivatives having the formula ##SPC1##Wherein X represents oxygen atom or sulfur atom; n is an integer of 1 to 4 inclusive, and R represents various aliphatic or aromatic groups depending on the value of n.These compounds (I) are useful as stabilizers against photo and thermal deterioration of various synthetic polymers and can be prepared, for example, by reacting the corresponding 3-unsubstituted piperidine-spiro-hydantoin compound with the halide R-(X.sub.1).sub.n in which R and n are as defined herein and X.sub.1 is a halogen atom.
摘要:
4-Piperidone derivatives having the formulae ##SPC1##Wherein R represents a phenyl or naphthyl group which may be substituted with nitro, lower alkyl, halogen, hydroxyl, lower alkyl hydroxy, hydroxy lower alkyl or formyl or a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group having as a hetero atom at least one of oxygen atom, sulfur atom and nitrogen atom and R.sub.1 represents hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms. They are useful as stabilizers for various synthetic polymers against their photo- and thermal-deteriorations and the 4-piperidone derivatives (II) are prepared from the corresponding 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxopiperidine derivatives by reaction with an aldehyde and the 4-piperidone derivatives (I) are prepared from the 4-piperidone derivatives (II) through dehydration.