摘要:
In a multi-cylinder engine having a compression ignition combustion mode, a vibration detecting sensor that is preferably mounted in a cylinder block or a cylinder head is used to detect a frequency and the detected frequency is appropriately analyzed to detect or estimate a cylinder pressure peak value and peak timing for each cylinder. An amount of internal EGR, a fuel injection condition, an engine speed and the like are then controlled so as to bring each of these parameters into an appropriate range thereof. The control apparatus suppresses variations in combustion states among different cylinders and different cycles arising from unit-to-unit variations or deterioration in the engine or part-to-part variations or deterioration in a component thereof.
摘要:
In order to reduce the consumption of power of an isolator interface and an ADC, it is proposed to operate a calling signal reception or Caller ID signal reception function only with power supplied from the system switch while maintaining the on-hook condition of a telephone. At the time of normal operation, the output of the analogue digital converter is input to an isolator through the isolator interface, and at the time of the calling signal reception or the caller identification information reception, the output of the analogue digital converter is input directly to the isolator.
摘要:
A computer system has a plurality of processing units (2-1,2-2,2-n) connected via one or more system buses (1-1,1-2). Each processing unit (2-1,2-2,2-n) has three or more processors (20-1,20-2,20-3) on a common support board (PL) and controlled by a common clock unit (1000). The three processors (20-1,20-2,20-3) perform the same operation and a fault in a processor (20-1,20-2, 20-3) is detected by comparison of the operations of the three processors (20-1,20-2,20-3). If one processor (20-1,20-2,20-3) fails, the operation can continue in the other two processors (20-1,20-2,20-3) of the processing unit (2-1,2-2,2-n), at least temporarily, before replacement of the entire processing unit (2-1,2-2, 2-n). Furthermore, the processing unit (2-1,2-2,2-n) may have a plurality of clocks (A,B) within the clock unit (1000), with a switching arrangement so that the processors (20-1,20-2,20-n) normally receive clock pulses from a main clock (A), but receive pulses from an auxiliary clock (B) if the main clock (A) fails. Switching between the main and auxiliary clock (A,B) involves comparison of the pulse duration from the clocks (A,B). Additionally, a plurality of cache memories (220,221) may be connected in common to the processors (20-1,20-2,20-3), so that failure of one cache memory (220,221) permits the processing unit (2-1,2-2,2-n) to continue to operate using the other cache memory (220,221). Coherence of the contents of the cache memories (220,221) may be achieved by direct comparison, and a comparison method can also be used to invalidate data in an internal cache memory (2020-1,2020-2,2020-3) of a processor (20-1,20-2,20-3) which differs from that in the external cache memory (220,221). Coherence of protocols may also ensure that data in caches (220,221) of the different processor units (2-1,2-2,2-n) are always correct.
摘要:
A computer system has a plurality of processing units connected via one or more system buses. Each processing unit has three or more processors on a common support board (PL) and controlled by a common clock unit. The three processors perform the same operation and a fault in a processor is detected by comparison of the operations of the three processors. If one processor fails, the operation can continue in the other two processors of the processing unit, at least temporarily, before replacement of the entire processing unit. Furthermore, the processing unit may have a plurality of clocks (A,B) within the clock unit, with a switching arrangement so that the processors normally receive clock pulses from a main clock (A), but receive pulses from an auxiliary clock (B) if the main clock (A) fails. Switching between the main and auxiliary clock (A,B) involves comparison of the pulse duration from the clocks (A,B). Additionally, a plurality of cache memories may be connected in common to the processors, so that failure of one cache memory permits the processing unit to continue to operate using the other cache memory. Coherence of the contents of the cache memories may be achieved by direct comparison, and a comparison method can also be used to invalidate data in an internal cache memory of a processor which differs from that in the external cache memory. Coherence of protocols may also ensure that data in caches of the different processor units are always correct.
摘要:
An ATP device generates control data for two systems from an ATP command speed signal, provides duplicate logic units in the ATP device so as to process the respective control data, provides at least two CRC data for checking the control data for each system, and changes the CRC data of the opposite logic unit or selects one of the two according to the content of a failure detection signal from each of the duplicated logic units. It is possible to check the control data and the operation of each logic circuit in such a way that only when all the data, circuits, and elements operate normally will an output signal for controlling the object to be controlled be outputted, and when a failure is detected in a part, an output signal to that effect is outputted. Therefore, when a failure occurs, a fail safe function for performing control on the safe side is made possible.
摘要:
An electronic circuit package having a wiring substrate, at least two semiconductor chips and a bus line. All the semiconductor chips to be connected by means of the bus line are bare chip packaged on a wiring substrate, and the semiconductor chips and the wiring substrate are connected by wiring bonding between wire bonding pads formed on the semiconductor chips and the wiring substrate. The wiring substrate may be a multilayer. Preferably, there is an insulating layer partially formed on the surface of the multilayer wiring substrate and a die bonding ground formed on the is surface of the insulating layer, in order to use a portion of the multilayer wing substrate under the die bonding ground as a wiring or a via hole region, and at least one of the semiconductor chips is formed on the die bonding ground. The bus line preferably includes two data bus lines, the semiconductor chips connected with one data bus line are formed on one side of the wiring substrate and the semiconductor chips connected with the other data bus line are formed on the other side of the wiring substrate.
摘要:
An electronic circuit package having a wiring substrate, at least two semiconductor chips and a bus line. All the semiconductor chips to be connected by means of the bus line are bare chip packaged on a wiring substrate, and the semiconductor chips and the wiring substrate are connected by wiring bonding between wire bonding pads formed on the semiconductor chips and the wiring substrate. The wiring substrate may be a multilayered substrate. Preferably, there is an insulating layer partially formed on the surface of the multilayer wiring substrate and a die bonding ground formed on the surface of the insulating layer, in order to use a portion of the multilayer wiring substrate under the die bonding ground as a wiring or a via hole region, and at least one of the semiconductor chips is formed on the die bonding ground. The bus line preferably includes two data bus lines, the semiconductor chips connected with one data bus line are formed on one side of the wiring substrate and the semiconductor chips connected with the other data bus line are formed on the other side of the wiring substrate.
摘要:
The same electrical device can be used in two modes, a simplex bus connection mode and a duplex bus connection mode, by collating signals output from two input and output ports for two electrical circuits in an electrical device with a comparator and detecting a fault in the electrical circuits in a duplex bus connection mode, and by checking whether a normal signal is output from an input and output port by collating a signal output from one input and output port for one of the two electrical circuits with the output signal fed back via another input and output port in a simplex bus connection mode.
摘要:
An electronic circuit package having a wiring substrate, at least two semiconductor chips and a bus line. All the semiconductor chips to be connected by means of the bus line are bare chip packaged on a wiring substrate, and the semiconductor chips and the wiring substrate are connected by wire bonding between wire bonding pads formed on the semiconductor chips and the wiring substrate. The wiring substrate may be a multilayer element. Preferably, there is an insulating layer partially formed on the surface of the multilayer wiring substrate and a die bonding ground formed on the surface of the insulating layer, thereby making it possible to use a portion of the multilayer wiring substrate under the die bonding ground as a wiring or a via hole region, and at least one of the semiconductor chips is formed on the die bonding ground. The bus line preferably includes two data bus lines, the semiconductor chips connected with one data bus line being formed on one side of the wiring substrate and the semiconductor chips connected with the other data bus line being formed on the other side of the wiring substrate.
摘要:
A current control device capable of performing widely applicable failure detection without a motor rotation speed sensor is provided. A current control semiconductor element includes, on a same semiconductor chip, a transistor that drives load, a current detection circuit that detects current of the load, a compensator that calculates an on-duty of the transistor from a current command value and a current value output from the current detection circuit, and a PWM timer that generates a pulse turning on the transistor on the basis of the on-duty. A microcontroller sends the current command value to the current control semiconductor element, receives the current value output from the current detection circuit and the on-duty output from the compensator from the current control semiconductor element, and detects failure of the current control semiconductor element on the basis of the received current value and on-duty.