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    (R)-transaminase from arthrobacter
    101.
    发明授权
    (R)-transaminase from arthrobacter 失效
    （R） - 转氨酶

    公开(公告)号：US06344351B2

    公开(公告)日：2002-02-05

    申请号：US09794359

    申请日：2001-02-28

    Applicant: Yukio Yamada ,  Akira Iwasaki ,  Noriyuki Kizaki ,  Yasuhiro Ikenaka ,  Masahiro Ogura ,  Junzo Hasegawa

    Inventor： Yukio Yamada ,  Akira Iwasaki ,  Noriyuki Kizaki ,  Yasuhiro Ikenaka ,  Masahiro Ogura ,  Junzo Hasegawa

    IPC: C12N910

    CPC classification number: C12P13/001 ,  C12N9/1096 ,  C12P13/005 ,  C12P13/008 ,  C12P13/04 ,  C12P41/006 ,  Y10S435/83

    Abstract: The method for preparing an optically active (R)-amino compound characterized by the method comprising stereoselectively carrying out amino group transfer by action of an (R)-form-specific transaminase in the co-presence of a ketone compound (amino acceptor), and an amino compound (amino donor) of a racemic form or an (R)-form, to give an optically active (R)-amino compound. According to the present invention, it is made possible to easily prepare at a high yield the optically active (R)-amino compounds and the like having an aryl group and the like at their 1-position, which have been conventionally difficult to prepare.

    Abstract translation: 制备光学活性（R） - 氨基化合物的方法，其特征在于在酮化合物（氨基受体）的共存下通过（R） - 形式 - 特异性转氨酶的作用立体选择性地进行氨基转移的方法， 和外消旋形式的氨基化合物（氨基供体）或（R） - 形式，得到光学活性（R） - 氨基化合物。 根据本发明，可以容易地容易地制备其1-位上具有芳基等的光学活性（R） - 氨基化合物等，其通常难以制备。

    Optical phantom of living body and method for producing it
    102.
    发明授权
    Optical phantom of living body and method for producing it 失效
    活体光学幻影及其制作方法

    公开(公告)号：US6083008A

    公开(公告)日：2000-07-04

    申请号：US145227

    申请日：1998-09-01

    Applicant: Yukio Yamada ,  Yukari Tanikawa ,  Shuichi Takahashi ,  Daigo Imai

    Inventor： Yukio Yamada ,  Yukari Tanikawa ,  Shuichi Takahashi ,  Daigo Imai

    IPC: G09B23/28

    CPC classification number: G09B23/286 ,  A61B2560/0233

    Abstract: An optical phantom of a living body includes a multiplicity of phantom layers shaped to the contours of a target part of a living body. A space portion is provided at a prescribed location inside the phantom. Inlet and outlet conduits enable liquid phantom to be supplied to the space portion and removed therefrom. This arrangement enables the space portion to be used to simulate dynamic change of physiological states, and for such changes to be measured optically.

    Abstract translation: 活体的光学体模具有多​​个形状为活体的目标部位的轮廓的假想层。 空间部分设置在体模内部的规定位置。 入口和出口管道使得液体体模能够被供应到空间部分并从中移除。 这种布置使得空间部分能够用于模拟生理状态的动态变化，并且对于这种变化进行光学测量。

    Decarbamylase isolated from comamonas or blastobacter
    105.
    发明授权
    Decarbamylase isolated from comamonas or blastobacter 失效
    从comamonas或blastobacter分离的脱氨基甲酰酶

    公开(公告)号：US5863785A

    公开(公告)日：1999-01-26

    申请号：US479639

    申请日：1995-06-07

    Applicant: Hideaki Yamada ,  Sakayu Shimizu ,  Yasuhiro Ikenaka ,  Kazuyoshi Yajima ,  Yukio Yamada ,  Hirokazu Nanba ,  Masayuki Takano ,  Satomi Takahashi

    Inventor： Hideaki Yamada ,  Sakayu Shimizu ,  Yasuhiro Ikenaka ,  Kazuyoshi Yajima ,  Yukio Yamada ,  Hirokazu Nanba ,  Masayuki Takano ,  Satomi Takahashi

    IPC: C12P13/04 ,  C12P41/00 ,  C12N9/78 ,  C12N9/80

    CPC classification number: C12P13/04 ,  C12P41/009 ,  Y10S435/874 ,  Y10S435/911

    Abstract: In a process for the production of a D-.alpha.-amino acid, in which an N-carbamyl-D-.alpha.-amino acid corresponding to the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents phenyl, hydroxy-substituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or thienyl, is converted by a microbial enzyme in an aqueous medium to a D-.alpha.-amino acid corresponding to the general formula: ##STR2## wherein R is the same as defined above, decarbamylase produced by a microorganism of the genus Comamonas, Blastobacter, Alcaligenes, Sporosarcina, Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium or Arthrobacter is used as the enzyme converting the N-carbamyl-D-.alpha.-amino acid to the D-.alpha.-amino acid.The conversion of the N-carbamyl-D-.alpha.-amino acids to the D-.alpha.-amino acids is carried out in a neutral to alkaline pH range.

    Abstract translation: 在制备D-α-氨基酸的方法中，其中相应于通式为：苯基，取代或未取代的烷基或噻吩基的N-氨基甲酰基-D-α-氨基酸被转化 通过微生物酶在水性介质中与对应于以下通式的D-α-氨基酸反应：其中R与上述定义相同，由Comamonas属，Blastobacter，Alcaligenes，Sporosarcina属的微生物产生的脱氨基甲酰酶， 使用根瘤菌，Bradyrhizobium或节杆菌作为将N-氨基甲酰基-D-α-氨基酸转化为D-α-氨基酸的酶。 N-氨基甲酰基-D-α-氨基酸向D-α-氨基酸的转化在中性至碱性pH范围内进行。

    Image-forming apparatus
    107.
    发明授权
    Image-forming apparatus 失效
    图像形成装置

    公开(公告)号：US4945390A

    公开(公告)日：1990-07-31

    申请号：US357021

    申请日：1989-05-25

    Applicant: Hirofumi Hasegawa ,  Hiroaki Kojima ,  Yasuhiro Matsuura ,  Naoto Ohmori ,  Yukio Yamada

    Inventor： Hirofumi Hasegawa ,  Hiroaki Kojima ,  Yasuhiro Matsuura ,  Naoto Ohmori ,  Yukio Yamada

    IPC: B65H29/60 ,  B65H31/00 ,  B65H31/22 ,  G03G15/00

    CPC classification number: G03G15/6552

    Abstract: An image-forming apparatus comprises a machine body and a paper discharge unit removably attached to the machine body. The machine body defines a face-down discharge tray on top. The paper discharge unit includes a face-up discharge tray and a discharge roller pair. A switch lever is provided in the machine body for selecting between a state in which recording paper is turned over for discharge onto the face-down discharge tray, and a second state in which the recording paper is discharged face up onto the face-up discharge tray.

    Abstract translation: 图像形成装置包括可拆卸地附接到机体的机体和排纸单元。 机器主体在顶部限定了一个面朝下的排放托盘。 排纸单元包括面朝上排出托盘和排出辊对。 在机体中设置开关杆，用于在记录纸翻转状态之间选择排放到面朝下排出托盘上的第二状态和记录纸面向上排放到面朝上排出口上的第二状态 托盘。

    Image forming apparatus with use of a laser beam
    108.
    发明授权
    Image forming apparatus with use of a laser beam 失效
    使用激光束的图像形成装置

    公开(公告)号：US4916480A

    公开(公告)日：1990-04-10

    申请号：US373990

    申请日：1989-06-29

    Applicant: Hirofumi Hasegawa ,  Naoto Ohmori ,  Yukio Yamada ,  Narutaka Yoshida

    Inventor： Hirofumi Hasegawa ,  Naoto Ohmori ,  Yukio Yamada ,  Narutaka Yoshida

    IPC: G03B27/54 ,  G03G15/04 ,  G03G15/22 ,  H04N1/00 ,  H04N1/10

    CPC classification number: H04N1/1008 ,  G03B27/542 ,  G03G15/04018 ,  G03G15/221 ,  H04N1/00254

    Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprising a laser beam radiating unit utilized as a light source, and an optical system that the surface of an original reflects a laser beam radiated from the radiating unit to project an image reflected from the original onto a photosensitive member. In this apparatus, an image is formed selectively in a print mode that an image results from turning on and off the laser beam, in a copy mode that a copy of an original results from exposure of the photosensitive member to the laser beam reflected from the surface of an original or in a composite mode that a composite image is formed of a copy of an original and an image resulting from turning on and off the laser beam. Further, this apparatus comprises a sensor for receiving the laser beam reflected from the surface of an original, and the image of an original and composite image are read by the sensor.

    Abstract translation: 一种图像形成装置，包括用作光源的激光束照射单元，以及原始表面反射从辐射单元辐射的激光束以将从原稿反射的图像突出到感光构件上的光学系统。 在该装置中，以复印模式选择性地以打印和关闭激光束的图像形成的图像形成图像，其中原稿的拷贝是由感光元件的曝光引起的， 原稿的表面或复合模式，合成图像由原稿的副本和从打开和关闭激光束产生的图像形成。 此外，该装置包括用于接收从原件的表面反射的激光束的传感器，并且由传感器读取原始和合成图像的图像。

    Process for preparing optically active hydantoins
    109.
    发明授权
    Process for preparing optically active hydantoins 失效
    制备光学活性乙内酰脲的方法

    公开(公告)号：US4812406A

    公开(公告)日：1989-03-14

    申请号：US775090

    申请日：1985-09-12

    Applicant: Satomi Takahashi ,  Yukio Yamada ,  Yasuyoshi Ueda ,  Yasuhiro Katayama ,  Yoshio Shimada ,  Kiyoshi Watanabe

    Inventor： Satomi Takahashi ,  Yukio Yamada ,  Yasuyoshi Ueda ,  Yasuhiro Katayama ,  Yoshio Shimada ,  Kiyoshi Watanabe

    IPC: C07D233/72 ,  C07D233/74 ,  C07D311/68 ,  C07D317/60 ,  C07D405/06 ,  C07D491/10 ,  C12P17/02 ,  C12P17/10 ,  C12P17/18 ,  C12P41/00 ,  C12R1/01 ,  C12R1/07 ,  C12R1/15 ,  C12R1/365 ,  C12P13/04

    CPC classification number: C07D405/06 ,  C07D233/74 ,  C07D311/68 ,  C07D317/60 ,  C07D491/10 ,  C12P17/02 ,  C12P17/10 ,  C12P17/18 ,  C12P41/009

    Abstract: A process for preparing optically active hydantoins having the general formula (II): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which are different from each other, are independently alkyl group, aralkyl group, aryl group, substituted alkyl group, substituted aralkyl group, or substituted aryl group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 form an asymmetric cyclic compound, characterized in that one configuration of racemic N-carbamoyl-.alpha.-amino acid having the general formula (I): ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as above, is enzymatically converted into the corresponding hydantoins.The present invention provides a process for an optical resolution with a high efficiency which can be used for the synthesis of (S)-6-fluoro-spiro-[chroman-4,4'-imidazolidine]-2',5'-dione (USAN; Sorbinil), which is an optically active hydrantoins attracting public attention as a preventive or a remedy for the particular chronic symptoms of diabetes such as cataract and neuropathy, and (S)-.alpha.-methyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-methyldopa), which is an optically active amino acid widely used as antihypertensives. Further, the present invention provides a novel finding that N-carbamoyl-.alpha.-amino acid having no hydrogen atom on its .alpha.-carbon atom can be biochemically converted into hydantoins by an enzymatic cyclization reaction.

    Abstract translation: 制备具有通式（II）的光学活性乙内酰脲的方法：其中R1和R2彼此不同，其独立地为烷基，芳烷基，芳基，取代的烷基，取代的芳烷基 基团或取代的芳基，或R 1和R 2形成不对称环状化合物，其特征在于具有通式（I）的外消旋N-氨基甲酰基-α-氨基酸的一种构型：其中R1和R2 如上所述，被酶转化成相应的乙内酰脲。 本发明提供了可用于（S）-6-氟 - 螺 - [苯并二氢吡喃-4,4'-咪唑烷] -2'，5'-二酮的合成的高效光学拆分方法。 （USAN; Sorbinil）是一种光学活性的水解素，引起公众的注意，作为预防或治疗糖尿病的特殊慢性症状如白内障和神经病，以及（S）-α-甲基-3,4-二羟基苯丙氨酸（L 甲基多巴），其是广泛用作抗高血压药物的光学活性氨基酸。 此外，本发明提供了一种新的发现，其α-碳原子上不具有氢原子的N-氨基甲酰基-α-氨基酸可以通过酶环化反应生物化学转化成乙内酰脲。

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