Abstract:
Disclosed is a plant for the production of urea. The plant comprises conventional sections for synthesis and recovery, for evaporation and condensation, for urea finishing, and for dust scrubbing. According to the invention, an additional evaporation and condensation loop is introduced from and to the dust scrubbing section. This loop results in a more favorable energy consumption of the plant.
Abstract:
Method for the production of urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide in a urea plant containing a high-pressure synthesis section with a horizontal pool condenser, wherein the method comprises exchanging heat from a high pressure process medium received in a shell section of the pool condenser to a medium pressure urea containing solution received in a first heat exchanging section provided in the pool condenser to at least decompose ammonium carbamate into NH3 and CO2, wherein the method further comprises exchanging heat from the high pressure process medium to a low pressure steam condensate received in a second heat exchanging section provided in the pool condenser to produce low pressure steam. The invention also relates to an apparatus for the production of urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for the removal of urea dust from the off- gas of a finishing section (1) of a urea production plant, the method comprises subjecting the off-gas to quenching with water (06) so as to produce quenched off-gas, and subjecting the quenched off-gas to scrubbing using at least one venturi scrubber (11). As a result, a lower pressure drop over the scrubber is attained, and a more efficient growth of urea particles, facilitating the removal thereof.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a urea plant comprising an additional reactor. With reference to the regular components of a urea plant, including a recovery section and a high pressure carbamate condenser, the additional reactor is positioned between the recovery section and the high pressure carbamate condenser. The invention also relates to a process for the synthesis of urea, comprising an additional reaction step converting, at an earlier stage than conventional, recovered carbamate into urea.
Abstract:
A reformer furnace (1), comprising: at least one triple conduit assembly (200), including a flue gas conduit (220) enclosing a reaction conduit (240) enclosing a product gas conduit (260), wherein: the reaction conduit (240) extends between a lower end (244) defining a reaction gas inlet (245), and a closed upper end (242); the product gas conduit (260) extends between an upper end (262) defining a product gas inlet (263), and a lower end (264) defining a product gas outlet (265); the flue gas conduit (220) extends between an upper end (222) defining a flue gas inlet (223), and a lower end (224) defining a flue gas outlet (225); and an annulus (250) between the reaction conduit (240) and the product gas conduit (260) comprises a catalyst (252); a combustion chamber (100) that encloses an approximate upper half (226, 246, 266) of the at least one triple conduit assembly (200) while an approximate lower half (228, 248, 268) thereof resides outside of and below the combustion chamber, and that includes at least one burner (110), disposed inside of the combustion chamber and outside of the flue gas conduit (220), such that the approximate upper half (226) of the flue gas conduit substantially shields the reaction conduit (240) from direct burner flame heat radiation and impingement.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a process for the direct alkylation of aromatic compounds with alkanes. To this end a judicious catalyst combination is provided. The composition comprises palladium as a catalytically active metal, and zinc as a promoter, or a metal such as tin having a comparable promoting action. The metals are contained in a zeolite support, or a similar support of a metal organic framework type or a silico alumino phosphate type.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a process for the concurrent production of hydrogen and sulphur from a H2S-containing gas stream, with reduced, and preferably zero, emissions. The method comprises the catalytic oxidative cracking of H2S so as to form H2 and S2. Preferably, the oxidation is conducted using oxygen-enriched air, preferably pure oxygen. The process is conducted in a reaction chamber comprising a bifunctional catalyst material, so as to favor both the partial oxidation of H2S and the dissociation thereof.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for hydrogen production and to a method of hydrogen and/or carbon dioxide production from syngas. The method comprises the steps of: (i) providing a gas stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, (ii) separating at least part of hydrogen from the stream yielding a hydrogen-depleted stream, (iii) subjecting the hydrogen-depleted stream to a water-gas shift reaction, and (iv) separating hydrogen from the stream resulting from step (iii). The method according to the invention improves the conversion of carbon monoxide in the water gas shift reaction and allows to increase the hydrogen production by 10-15% and to increase the overall energy efficiency of the system by 5-7%. The invention further relates to a plant for hydrogen and/or carbon dioxide production suitable for the method of the invention.
Abstract:
A process for the preparation of 2-thionoxazolidone-5 and derivatives thereof is disclosed wherein tertiary alkyl esters of secondary amino carboxylic acid or the N-thiocarbonyl chloride of an Alpha -secondary aminocarboxylic acid is subjected to the action of a proton yielding acid. The compounds produced by the process of this invention are useful as amino acid derivatives in the synthesis of peptides.
Abstract:
A process for producing hydroxy-terminated polyester by polymerizing a lactone or a mixture of lactones in the presence of a catalyst having the general formula MM''(-OROH)4 where M is an alkali metal, M'' is aluminum or boron and R is alkylene, isoalkylene, cycloalkylene or aralkylene. Polyesters having the general formula
are produced where R is a bifunctional hydrocarbon group, R'' and R'''' are alkylene groups and n is a whole number equal to or larger than 3.