摘要:
A method to upgrade existing sewage treatment plants which become overloaded in long-term continuous operation by passing waste water or a part stream thereof through a filter device which is installed additionally prior and/or subsequent to at least one overloaded stage of the treatment plant. Thus method replaces preclarification, clearing, thickening and sludge dehydration steps for a part of waste water to be treated and also a part of the biological degradation by a simple purification process using the separated solids as an alluvial filter layer. A sewage treatment plant for waste water treatment by said method is described.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for separating solids from liquid matter by means of gravity, using a three-dimensional filter element and an alluvial filter layer wherein a gas is fed into the medium to be treated prior to its introduction into the filter element in the form of fine or finest bubbles which accumulate on the solid particles. The particles loaded with air floated up rapidly to the upper level of the column of liquid in the filter element, forming a layer of sludge. Said layer built up continuously an alluvial filter layer at the internal surface of the water-permeable supporting filter element from the bottom upwards along the wall relative to the rising level of the liquid in the filter element. The process, realized in the presence or absence of flocculating agents, results in a higher separation degree with regard to the solids content as well as an increased elimination of the biological oxygen demand.
摘要:
A sheet-like sandwich molding having two outer rigid covering layers and, as the core, at least one sheet-like structure of fiber material, which has been deformed by deep-drawing and been provided with synthetic resin. The sheet-like structure of fiber material, constituting the core, can, for example, be a knitted fabric provided with a curable condensation resin.
摘要:
There is described a process for manufacturing a dimensionally stable, three-dimensionally shaped, sheetlike textile material by bringing one or more layers of a deep-drawable textile material made of yarns, preferably a knitted material, and containing reinforcing fibers and a thermoplastic matrix material in fiber form which melts at a lower temperature than the reinforcing fibers, into the shape desired for the core material by an area-enlarging shaping process, for example by deep-drawing, at a temperature at which the fibrous thermoplastic matrix material melts, then reducing the temperature to back down to below the melting point of the thermoplastic matrix material and keeping the shaped material in the mold until the thermoplastic matrix material has sufficiently hardened, and then demolding the resulting shaped textile material.
摘要:
In ambient-air heat absorbers composed of many heat exchanger elements arranged one above another, the flowing air often flows too smoothly through the intermediate spaces, so that the heat exchange takes place only incompletely. As a result of the insertion of lattice grids onto the (smooth) surface of the heat exchanger elements, this uniform flow is varied. The result of this is a greater absorption of heat by the absorber.
摘要:
In a process for separating mixtures of matter in the liquid phase and a device suitable therefor, liquid (12) absorbs heat during its passage through a first cavity (3), said heat having been generated during the condensation yielding the condensate (13) at the upper wall portion (5) of the first cavity. The thus preheated liquid is passed to a third cavity (9), the upper wall portion (10) of which is liquid-tight and gas-tight and absorbs the thermal radiation (11). Part of the liquid further heated by said process evaporates and penetrates in vapor form through the liquid-tight, steam-permeable upper wall portion (8) of the third cavity (9) into a second cavity (6), the upper wall portion (8) of which is one and the same as the lower wall portion (9) of the third cavity. This steam condenses under the cooling action of the first cavity (3). The condensate (13) so formed is withdrawn from the second cavity. The cavities (1) and (3) are advantageously contained in double fabrics provided with adequate coatings and the two fabrics of which are spaced apart by means of spacers in the form of filaments.
摘要:
The dimensionally stable composite material consists of a double fabric with spacer filaments. On both sides of the double fabric there is a plastics layers. Face and back fabric of the double fabric are linked with each other by means of incorporated rigid filaments which prevent the double fabric to be squeezed. The exterior plastics layers are curable laminates. FIG. 1 shows such a composite material.The material is obtained by applying fiber mats impregnated with curable synthetic resins to both sides of the double fabric containing spacer filaments, and subsequently bonding fiber mats and double fabric by compression.
摘要:
A three dimensional filter element of a porous fabric of synthetic fibers wherein the individual threads are bound to each other as to be unshiftable, said fabric having an air permeability of more than 50 l/dm.sup.2 . min at a pressure difference of 2 millibar and resisting to a permanent load over the entire filter area without the formation of free regions and a method for the separation of solid material from a liquid phase by means of the three-dimensional filter element preferably by gravity.