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    Binder composition for use in three dimensional printing
    16.
    发明授权
    Binder composition for use in three dimensional printing 失效
    用于三维印刷的粘合剂组合物

    公开(公告)号：US5851465A

    公开(公告)日：1998-12-22

    申请号：US915977

    申请日：1997-08-21

    申请人： James F. Bredt

    发明人： James F. Bredt

    IPC分类号： B29C41/00 ,  B29C67/00 ,  B41M3/16 ,  B29C67/06 ,  C04B22/06 ,  C09D1/00 ,  C09D1/04

    CPC分类号： B41M3/16 ,  B29C41/003 ,  B29C67/0077 ,  Y10S264/72

    摘要： A binder composition for three dimensional printing of parts is disclosed which is stable during storage and passage through a printhead, yet able to gel under the conditions existing in a powder bed. The binder composition comprises colloidal silica, a catalyst able to promote gelation of the composition when the composition is below a predetermined pH value, and a base able to maintain the pH of the composition above the predetermined value at which the composition gels. Preferably, the catalyst is polyethylene glycol or another ethylene oxide-derived polymer, and the base is triethanolamine. Upon impact with a powder bed, the pH of the binder composition is reduced, as by adding an acid such as citric acid to the powder, thereby causing the binder to gel in the powder.

    摘要翻译： 公开了用于三维印刷部件的粘合剂组合物，其在储存和通过打印头期间是稳定的，但是能够在存在于粉末床中的条件下凝胶化。 粘合剂组合物包括胶体二氧化硅，当组合物低于预定pH值时能够促进组合物凝胶化的催化剂，以及能够将组合物的pH保持在组合物凝胶凝固的预定值以上的碱。 优选地，催化剂是聚乙二醇或另一种环氧乙烷衍生的聚合物，碱是三乙醇胺。 当与粉末床撞击时，通过向粉末中加入酸如柠檬酸，粘合剂组合物的pH降低，从而使粘合剂在粉末中凝胶化。

    Solar cells with textured surfaces
    19.
    发明授权
    Solar cells with textured surfaces 有权
    具有纹理表面的太阳能电池

    公开(公告)号：US08257998B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-09-04

    申请号：US12526438

    申请日：2008-02-15

    申请人： Emanuel M. Sachs ,  James F. Bredt

    发明人： Emanuel M. Sachs ,  James F. Bredt

    IPC分类号： H01L21/00

    CPC分类号： H01L31/02363 ,  C23C18/1607 ,  C23C18/1608 ,  C23C18/161 ,  C23C18/1635 ,  C23C18/1653 ,  C23C18/1692 ,  C23C18/1893 ,  C25D5/006 ,  C25D5/02 ,  C25D5/022 ,  C25D7/126 ,  H01L31/02168 ,  H01L31/022425 ,  Y02E10/50

    摘要： Semiconductor photovoltaic cells have surfaces that are textured for processing and photovoltaic reasons. The absorbing regions may have parallel grooves that reduce loss of solar energy that would otherwise be lost by reflection. One form of texturing has parallel grooves and ridges. The cell also includes regions of metallization for collecting the generated electrical carriers and conducting them away, which may be channels. The topography is considered during production, using a process that takes advantage of the topography to govern what locations upon will receive a specific processing, and which locations will not receive such a processing. Liquids are treated directly into zones of the cell. They migrate throughout a zone and act upon the locations contacted. They do not migrate to other zones, due to impediments to fluid flow that are features of the surface texture, such as edges, walls and ridges. Blocking liquid may also be deposited and migrate within a zone, to block or mask a subsequent activity, such as etching.

    摘要翻译： 半导体光伏电池具有纹理的表面用于处理和光伏原因。 吸收区域可以具有平行的沟槽，其减少否则将被反射损失的太阳能损失。 一种形式的纹理具有平行的凹槽和脊。 电池还包括金属化区域，用于收集所产生的电载体并使其远离，这可以是通道。 在生产期间考虑地形，使用利用地形的过程来管理将接收特定处理的位置，以及哪些位置将不会接收到这样的处理。 将液体直接处理到细胞的区域。 他们迁移到整个区域，并对所联系的地点采取行动。 它们不会迁移到其他区域，因为阻碍流体流动，这是表面纹理的特征，例如边缘，壁和脊。 封闭液体也可以沉积并在区域内迁移，以阻挡或掩盖随后的活动，例如蚀刻。