摘要:
A method of making multi-level contacts. The method includes providing an in-process multilevel device including at least one device region and at least one contact region. The contact region includes a plurality of electrically conductive layers configured in a step pattern. The method also includes forming a conformal etch stop layer over the plurality of electrically conductive layers, forming a first electrically insulating layer over the etch stop layer, forming a conformal sacrificial layer over the first electrically insulating layer and forming a second electrically insulating layer over the sacrificial layer. The method also includes etching a plurality of contact openings through the etch stop layer, the first electrically insulating layer, the sacrificial layer and the second electrically insulating layer in the contact region to the plurality of electrically conductive layers.
摘要:
The present invention provides a method for establishing an inter-domain path that satisfies wavelength continuity constraint. The fPCE stores a virtual topology comprised by border nodes of all domains. The present invention uses parallel inter-domain path establishment method to decrease the influence from WCC. Compared with the sequential process way in prior art, it enhanced the resource utilization and decreased computation delay.
摘要:
A method for manufacturing a capacitor on an integrated circuit includes providing an inter-metal dielectric layer on a substrate, a bottom layer having a first and second portions, a first insulating layer having via plug openings on the bottom layer, and via plugs disposed in the via plug openings. The via plugs include a first and second via plugs and are electrically coupled to the first portion of the bottom layer. The method further includes providing a capacitor layer having a first barrier metal layer coupled to the first via plug. The capacitor layer also has a capacitor dielectric layer overlying the first barrier metal layer and a second barrier metal overlying the capacitor dielectric layer. The method further includes defining a first and second capacitor layer portions. The first capacitor layer portion has two opposite sides and spacers disposed on their surface.
摘要:
The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for actively controlling the steam-to-carbon ratio in hydrogen-producing fuel processing systems that include a feedstock delivery system. The feedstock delivery system supplies a combined feedstock stream including steam and carbon-containing feedstock to a hydrogen-producing region, which produces a mixed gas stream including hydrogen gas as a majority component therefrom. The systems and methods may include measuring a thermodynamic property of a steam stream, a carbon-containing feedstock stream, and/or the combined feedstock stream and controlling the flow rate and/or pressure of a water stream, the steam stream, and/or the carbon-containing feedstock stream based on a desired steam-to-carbon ratio in the combined feedstock stream and/or a desired flow rate of the mixed gas stream and may include feedforward and/or feedback control strategies.
摘要:
A testing method for a server supporting an intelligent platform management interface (IPMI) is applied to test a server before an operating system (OS) of the server operates. The test method includes the following steps. A baseboard management controller (BMC) of the server is activated. The server is activated, and a monitoring module is operated. Real-time status data of the server stored in the BMC of the server is obtained. The monitoring module executes a pre-test procedure according to the real-time status data of the server before the OS operates. A test result of the pre-test procedure is stored.
摘要:
The present invention relates to novel benzamide compounds may be used to provide desirable property of sweetness and to a foodstuff, chewing gum, medicinal product, toothpaste, alcoholic beverage, aqueous beverage, snack, sauce, confection, baked good, dairy product or cereal.
摘要:
The invention relates to a reactor comprising two reaction zones and processes for the production of alkenes from alkanes. A first reaction zone includes a combustion catalyst, and a second reaction zone comprises a heating zone in thermal contact with the first reaction zone. One process comprises generating heat and an effluent by the combustion of a fuel with oxygen in the first reaction zone; passing an alkane feed through the heating zone of the second reaction zone such that the alkane feed absorbs a sufficient amount of the heat generated in the first reaction zone to initiate the conversion of alkanes to alkenes in the second reaction zone. In other embodiments, the effluent comprises oxygen, and the second reaction zone excludes a catalyst; alternatively, the effluent is substantially free of oxygen, and the second reaction zone comprises a supplemental oxygen feed and may or may not include a catalyst.
摘要:
A method for producing olefins by oxidative dehydrogenation. In one embodiment, the method comprises feeding a feed to a reactor comprising a catalyst, wherein the feed comprises oxygen, and a carbonaceous material comprising carbon monoxide and a light hydrocarbon; contacting the feed to the catalyst in the reactor; and converting at least a portion of the light hydrocarbon with oxygen to at least one olefin, while simultaneously converting at least a portion of the carbonaceous material with oxygen to carbon dioxide to form a product stream comprising the at least one olefin and by-products. The by-products comprise at least carbon monoxide. In other embodiments, at least a portion of the by-products, which comprise carbon monoxide, is recycled to the reactor. In further embodiments, the light hydrocarbon feed comprises ethane, and the olefin comprises ethylene.
摘要:
A method for the recovery of rhodium from spent supported catalysts. In one embodiment, a method for recovering rhodium from a host material includes roasting the host material in air at a temperature sufficient to convert at least a portion of rhodium to Rh2O3, leaching the host material in a solution with a leaching constituent which is reactive with Rh2O3 to form a first intermediate species, reacting the first intermediate species in a solution with an acidifying constituent or complexing agent to form a second intermediate species, and purifying the second intermediate species. Preferably, the roasting temperature is approximately from 600° C. to 800° C. for 0.5 to 10 hours. In some embodiments, the host material is ground to particles in the range of 0.1 to 10 mm.
摘要翻译:从废负载型催化剂中回收铑的方法。 在一个实施方案中,从主体材料回收铑的方法包括在足以将至少一部分铑转化为Rh 2 O 3的温度下在空气中焙烧主体材料,将主体材料浸入溶液中,浸出成分与 Rh 2 O 3以形成第一中间物质,使溶液中的第一中间物质与酸化成分或络合剂反应以形成第二中间物质,并纯化第二中间物质。 优选地,焙烧温度为约600℃至800℃,持续0.5至10小时。 在一些实施方案中,将主体材料研磨至0.1至10mm范围内的颗粒。
摘要:
The present invention provides a power measurement apparatus and method for a pulsed terahertz quantum-cascade laser (THz QCL). The apparatus includes a light source part, a light path part, and a detection part. Terahertz light emitted by a THz QCL reaches a terahertz quantum-well photodetector (THz QWP) through the measurement apparatus, and is absorbed to generate a corresponding current signal. A signal processing circuit extracts a voltage signal from the current signal, amplifies the voltage signal, and inputs the amplified voltage signal to an oscilloscope for reading and displaying. According to a responsivity of the THz QWP at a lasing frequency of the laser, the measurement of the output power of the pulsed THz QCL is acquired. The present invention avoids integration estimation when a thermal detector is used to measure output power of a THz QCL in a pulse operating mode, and can directly acquire the power value of a pulsed output from the laser according to the amplitude of the detector responding to the pulsed terahertz light.