摘要:
A method and apparatus for controlling a multi-gas sensor, including an NOX sensor section and an ammonia sensor section. The NOX sensor section includes a first pumping cell adapted to pump oxygen into or out of a gas under measurement introduced into a first measurement chamber, and a second pumping cell communicating with the first measurement chamber and configured such that a second pumping current Ip2 corresponds to an NOX concentration of the gas under measurement. Oxygen concentration is calculated on the basis of a first pumping current flowing through the first pumping cell, and a corrected ammonia concentration is calculated on the basis of the oxygen concentration and the ammonia concentration output of the ammonia sensor section.
摘要:
A red phosphor where the crystal phase constituting the phosphor is monoclinic Eu-activated CaAlSiN3. A red phosphor which is Eu-activated CaAlSiN3 powder having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less as measured in the non-pulverized state by the laser scattering particle size distribution analysis. A light-emitting device comprising a blue light-emitting element, a yellow phosphor capable of converting the blue light emitted from the blue light-emitting element into yellow light, and the above-described red phosphor capable of converting the blue light emitted from the blue light-emitting element into red light. A method for producing Eu-activated CaAlSiN3, comprising firing a raw material powder comprising Ca3N2, AlN, Si3N4 and EuN at 1,400 to 2,000° C. in a nitrogen-containing atmosphere, the Ca3N2, AlN and Si3N4 giving a composition falling in the region surrounded by a straight line connecting the following four points A to D in the composition diagram of FIG. 1, and EuN being contained in an amount of 0.01 to 10 parts by weight as Eu per 100 parts by weight in total of Ca3N2, AlN and Si3N4.
摘要:
A solid state imaging device comprises a semiconductor substrate defining a two-dimensional surface, a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements disposed in a light receiving area of said semiconductor substrate in a plurality of rows and columns, color filters in a plurality of colors, each color filter being arranged in correspondence with each photoelectric conversion element, wherein at least a color defining resolution corresponds to two photoelectric conversion elements adjacent to each other in a horizontal direction or in a vertical direction, a vertical electric charge transferring device that vertically transfers signal electric charges generated by the photoelectric conversion elements, a horizontal electric charge transfer device that horizontally transfers the signal electric charges transferred by the vertical electric charge transferring device, and an output device that outputs the signal electric charges transferred by the horizontal electric charge transferring device.
摘要:
A drain region is formed along a horizontal charge transfer channel constituting a horizontal charge transfer element, and a barrier region for charges is formed between the horizontal charge transfer channel and drain region. A two-electrode element is formed by using the horizontal charge transfer channel, barrier region and drain region. A solid state image pickup device can be manufactured with high productivity, which device can drain charges in the horizontal charge transfer element at high speed.
摘要:
In a CCD image sensor, a CCD line memory is disposed between each vertical charge transfer device and a horizontal charge transfer device to selectively transfer charges from each vertical charge transfer device to the horizontal charge transfer device. A discharge drain is disposed along the horizontal charge transfer device to selectively discharge charges from vertical charge transfer devices via the horizontal charge transfer device to the discharge drain. Therefore, image data in which the numbers respectively of the vertical and horizontal pixels are reduced can be generated.
摘要:
A color shooting solid state image pickup apparatus is composed by using a solid state image pickup device having a number of color pixels disposed in a plurality of rows and columns in a pixel shift layout with distributing at least one color-type color pixels in a square lattice pattern aligned in row and column directions and by using a video signal proceeding unit being able to perform interpolation processes using color information obtained from pixel signals output from the solid state image pickup device excepting one piece of color information obtained from pixel signals of the color pixels distributed in a square lattice pattern. A moving image having a smooth motion can be reproduced on a monitor even if the process performance of the video signal proceeding unit is not improved so much.
摘要:
In a solid-state image pick-up device comprising a plurality of light receiving sensor sections, a vertical transfer path 12 formed close to each of the light receiving sensor sections, and a channel stopper 13 provided between the adjacent vertical transfer paths 12 and formed by an insulating layer having a trench structure, a conductive substance 15 to which a predetermined voltage is applied is buried in the insulating layer 14. The predetermined voltage is a negative voltage if a signal charge is an electron, and is a positive voltage if the signal charge is a hole. Alternatively, the predetermined voltage is a pulse having an opposite phase to that of a read pulse to be applied to a transfer electrode 17 of the vertical transfer path 12.
摘要:
A pit (52) is formed in a substrate comprising a silicon wafer (51) on a surface of which a silicon oxide thin layer (53) is formed. A sandwich structure (60) comprising a piezoelectric layer (62) and lower and upper electrodes (61, 63) joined to both surfaces of the piezoelectric layer is disposed so as to stride over the pit (52). The upper surface of the lower electrode (61) and the lower surface of the piezoelectric layer (62) joined to the upper surface of the lower electrode are treated so that the RMS variation of the height thereof is equal to 25 nm or less. The thickness of the lower electrode (61) is set to 150 nm or less. According to such a structure, there is provided a high-performance thin film bulk acoustic resonator which are excellent in electromechanical coupling coefficient and acoustic quality factor.
摘要:
An image-forming apparatus, a fixing unit and a heat circulation system are equipped with a heat circulator capable of being fabricated at low costs and ensuring high heat exchange efficiency. The heat circulator includes two tabular metal members that come into contact with an intermediate transfer member at positions upstream and downstream of a simultaneous transfer and fixing zone, and plural heat pipes that transfer the heat of the first metal member to the second metal member.
摘要:
A multiple-wound, three-phase, variable speed motor having N independent winding sets is driven by N inverters, each responding to 1/N of the torque and excitation current commands, and the torque current is limited as a function of N times the limiting current each inverter may tolerate, when all inverters are functioning. When M inverters fail, they are disconnected from the motor, the torque current is limited as function of N-M times the limiting current each inverter may tolerate. The remaining N-M inverters may each respond to 1/(N-M) of the torque and excitation commands. The excitation current may be maximized as (N-M) times the limiting current divided by the square root of two. The speed command may be predetermined by the integration over an acceleration interval, of the maximum acceleration achievable with torque available from those of the inverters which have not failed, in view of the inverters' current limits.