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    Process for the preparation of fluorinated nitroalkanes
    11.
    发明授权
    Process for the preparation of fluorinated nitroalkanes 失效
    制备氟化硝基烷烃的方法

    公开(公告)号：US4518812A

    公开(公告)日：1985-05-21

    申请号：US575636

    申请日：1984-01-31

    Applicant: Bernd Baasner ,  Hermann Hagemann ,  Erich Klauke

    Inventor： Bernd Baasner ,  Hermann Hagemann ,  Erich Klauke

    IPC: C07C67/00 ,  C07C201/00 ,  C07C201/14 ,  C07C205/08 ,  C07C76/02 ,  C07C79/02

    CPC classification number: C07C201/14 ,  C07C205/08

    Abstract: In the conjugated nitrofluorination of an olefin by reacting an olefin of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each independently is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, alkyl, halogenoalkyl or cycloalkyl, orR.sup.2 and R.sup.4 together are an alkylene radical of 3 to 6 carbon atoms,with hydrogen fluoride and nitric acid to produce an .alpha.-fluorinated nitroalkane of the formula ##STR2## the improvement which comprises effecting the reaction in a vessel protected against corrosion employing about 1 to 1.1 mols of hydrogen fluoride and about 1 to 2 mols of nitric acid per mol of olefin. The process uses much less HF than heretofore and the products are useful intermediates in making herbicides. Some of the products are new.

    Abstract translation: 在烯烃的共轭硝基氟化中，通过使式（IMAGE）的烯烃反应，其中R 1，R 2，R 3和R 4各自独立地是氢，氟，氯，溴，烷基，卤代烷基或环烷基，或者R 2和R 4一起是 具有3至6个碳原子的亚烷基，与氟化氢和硝酸反应以产生下式的α-氟化的硝基烷烃：其中包括在使用约1至1.1摩尔氟化氢的保护反应的容器中进行反应 和约1至2摩尔硝酸/摩尔烯烃。 该方法使用比迄今为止少得多的HF，并且该产品是制备除草剂的有用中间体。 一些产品是新的。

    Apparatus for producing nitroparaffins
    12.
    发明授权
    Apparatus for producing nitroparaffins 失效
    硝基石油生产装置

    公开(公告)号：US3869253A

    公开(公告)日：1975-03-04

    申请号：US38450873

    申请日：1973-08-01

    Applicant: AZOTE & PROD CHIM

    Inventor： LHONORE PIERRE ,  COHEN GUY ,  JACQUINOT BERNARD

    IPC: B01J12/00 ,  C07C201/14 ,  C07C205/02 ,  C07C79/02 ,  B01J1/00

    CPC classification number: C07C201/06 ,  B01J12/00 ,  Y02P20/582 ,  C07C205/02

    Abstract: The invention relates to an process for the production of nitroparaffins from hydrocarbons higher than methane, by nitration with nitrogen peroxide in the presence of oxygen, introduced in the form of air, wherein the nitration is carried out at a pressure which is between 8 and approximately 14 bars, the reactant gases being preheated under the reaction pressure and introduced into the reaction zone between 150* and 330*C, the gaseous effluents originating from the nitration zone being subjected to a rapid cooling or quenching.

    Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种从高于甲烷的烃生产硝基烷烃的方法，通过在氧气存在下用氮气进行硝化，以空气的形式引入，其中硝化在8至大约的压力下进行 14巴，反应物气体在反应压力下预热，并引入150至330℃的反应区，来自硝化区的气态流出物经受快速冷却或骤冷。

    Bromination
    20.
    发明授权
    Bromination 失效
    烧伤

    公开(公告)号：US5092971A

    公开(公告)日：1992-03-03

    申请号：US326109

    申请日：1989-03-20

    Applicant: Philip J. Turner ,  Martin Jeff

    Inventor： Philip J. Turner ,  Martin Jeff

    IPC: B01J19/12 ,  C07B39/00 ,  C07C17/00 ,  C07C17/14 ,  C07C22/04 ,  C07C25/02 ,  C07C25/13 ,  C07C67/00 ,  C07C201/00 ,  C07C201/12 ,  C07C201/14 ,  C07C205/11 ,  C07C205/12 ,  C07C303/22 ,  C07C309/30

    CPC classification number: C07B39/00 ,  C07C201/12

    Abstract: Selective bromination of alkylarenes to the alpha monobrominated derivative is desirable as a precursor for the selective production of, for example, the corresponding alcohols. The product can be obtained by a photolytic reaction between the substrate, hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen bromide in approximately equimolar ratios in an organic solvent, but improvement in the yield of the product coupled with similar or improved selectivity in its production was either not achieved or was actually impaired by a range of variations in the ratios and by omitting the solvent.The invention employs mole ratios of H.sub.2 O.sub.2 :substrate of 0.1:1 to 0.4:1, preferably 0.2:1 to 0.33:1 and of H.sub.2 O.sub.2 :bromide of 1:1.2 to 1:2, preferably about 1:1.3 to 1:1.8 and progressive introduction of the H.sub.2 O.sub.2, either in the presence or absence of the solvent, while irradiating with light preferably having principal emissions in the range of 250 to 600 nm, and the process thereby achieves either or both of improved yield and improved selectivity of the alpha monobrominated product. The reaction mixture is preferably maintained at 50.degree. to 70.degree. C. The process is especially suitable for deactivated alkylarenes, such as o-nitrotoluene.

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