Abstract:
An electric machine provided with: a stator having a magnetic core longitudinally crossed by a plurality of stator slots; a stator winding having a series of rigid bars, which are “U”-shaped and are inserted through the stator slots defining an entry side, in which the cusps of the “U”-shaped bars are placed, and an exit side, in which the legs of the “U”-shaped bars are placed; the ends of at least two non-adjacent legs are electrically connected to one another by means of a connection bridge; and an insulating support is provided, which houses the connection bridge, is arranged under the connection bridge and has a plurality of through holes, into which some legs are inserted, which have to pass through the insulating support itself.
Abstract:
A laser welding method to weld two adjacent metal elements of a stator winding with rigid bars for an electric machine; the two metal elements are arranged one beside the other and have respective upper surfaces, which are arranged coplanar to one another and have at least one common edge; in succession, in the direction of the upper surfaces of the two metal elements, a first laser beam is aimed, which is fed along a first welding line, which is perpendicular to the common edge and extends through the common edge itself, and then a second laser beam is aimed, which is fed along a second welding line, which is perpendicular to the common edge and extends through the common edge itself, is parallel to and spaced apart from the first line and has a length that is smaller than the one of the first line.
Abstract:
An electromechanical actuator to operate a component in an internal combustion engine comprising an actuator body housing, on the inside, an actuator device, which controls the movement of the component so as to move it between a maximum opening position and a maximum closing position, and vice versa. The actuator device includes an electric motor and a gear drive that transmits the motion from the electric motor to the component. The electromechanical actuator is made of a first metal material and comprises a conditioning circuit comprising a pipe for the passage of a conditioning fluid, which is made of a second thermally conductive material. A method of manufacturing the electromagnetic actuator is also disclosed.
Abstract:
An electric apparatus with safety connector for preventing electric shock, having an electric circuit comprising at least a pair of terminals electrically separated from each other, and a cover which covers the electric circuit so as to prevent access to it when it is disposed in the assembly configuration to cover the electric circuit. The cover is mechanically fixed in position by a plurality of attachment mechanisms. A safety connector associated with the cover and provided with an electric conductor element, wherein the security connector passes through the cover so as to short-circuit the terminals and a projection supports the electric conductor element and is movable from a closed configuration in which it short-circuits the terminals to an open position in which it does not short circuit the terminals. A cover element which, in closed configuration, at least partially overlaps at least one of attachment mechanisms.
Abstract:
A method for controlling an internal combustion engine comprising a number of cylinders and wherein the air mass trapped in each cylinder is adjusted by means of a respective intake valve by means of an actuation device with variable opening law; the method includes determining the required total target torque to be delivered; determining a number of active cylinders and a number of inactive cylinders; determining the angle for controlling the intake valve of the number of active cylinders and of the number of inactive cylinders, respectively; and controlling the internal combustion engine as a function of the control angle of the intake valves of the number of active cylinders and of the number of inactive cylinders.
Abstract:
An instrument cluster, in particular for a vehicle, is provided with a display panel having a plurality of graphic areas and with a backlighting device arranged behind the display panel for backlighting the graphic areas; said device has at least one light source and at least one light-guide element, which is provided with a receiving portion facing the light source for directly receiving a light beam and with at least one transmitting portion for transmitting and guiding the light towards at least one of the graphic areas; moreover, a cover is provided for shielding rays of light passing through the receiving portion and directed onto the display panel; the cover defines a channel, which has an inlet facing the receiving portion and at least one outlet facing one of the graphic areas, said channel being shaped in such a way as to transmit light indirectly from its inlet to its outlet.
Abstract:
Method to control an electromagnetic actuator of an internal combustion engine, in particular for a fuel pump of a direct-injection system; wherein the electromagnetic actuator is controlled by an electric current pulse of the Peak&Hold type, i.e. subdivided into a peak phase and a hold phase; the method includes acquiring the initial duration of the peak phase, during which a peak control current is to be supplied to the electromagnetic actuator to control the movement of a component of the electromagnetic actuator moving towards a position defined by a limit stop; and determining the duration of the peak phase by progressively decreasing the initial duration of the peak phase by a first change.
Abstract:
An automotive internal combustion engine electronic control unit for performing safety-related functions with a predetermined automotive safety integrity level, including: a microcontroller and an integrated circuit distinct from and communicating with the microcontroller. The microcontroller performs one or more safety-related functions with the same automotive safety integrity level as required to the automotive engine electronic control unit. The integrated circuit performs one or more safety-related functions with an automotive safety integrity level that is lower than that of the microcontroller. The integrated circuit performs, for each performed safety-related function, a corresponding diagnosis function for detecting failures in the performance of the safety-related function. The microcontroller performs, for each performed diagnosis function, a corresponding monitoring function for monitoring performance of the corresponding diagnosis function by the integrated circuit to detect failures that may compromise the diagnostic capability of the diagnosis function.
Abstract:
A method of controlling a vehicle equipped with an internal-combustion engine with a “stop and start” system. The method provides, during vehicle running, for learning the “duty cycle” values associated with the odd gears and even gears, determining the “maximum duty cycle” value for the odd gears and “minimum duty cycle” value for the even gears, determining a duty-cycle band to which the “neutral gear” condition corresponds on the basis of the “minimum duty cycle” value for the even gears and “maximum duty cycle” value for the odd gears, and controlling the “stop and start” system on the basis of the duty-cycle band to which the “neutral gear” condition corresponds.
Abstract:
A hydraulic servo-control of a servo-controlled gearbox comprises hydraulic actuators defining chambers, a storing tank containing control fluid used by the actuators at room pressure, a hydraulic accumulator containing control fluid under pressure, a motor pump drawing the fluid from the tank and feeding it under pressure to the accumulator, and solenoid valves selectively connecting the chambers to the tank and accumulator. The accumulator includes an outer housing defining an inner cylindrical surface defining a first diameter, a piston arranged and axially slidable and mobile inside the housing and defining there a first variable-volume chamber for a gas and second variable-volume chamber for the fluid under pressure, and a limit stopper arranged at an open end of the housing, acting as a striker for the piston, and having an annular circlip defining an opening and overall second diameter approximating by excess the first diameter of the surface of the housing.