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    Fast torsional artificial muscles from twisted yarns of shape memory material
    21.
    发明授权
    Fast torsional artificial muscles from twisted yarns of shape memory material 有权

    公开(公告)号：US11065101B2

    公开(公告)日：2021-07-20

    申请号：US16483881

    申请日：2018-03-13

    Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Inventor： Seyed M. Mirvakili ,  Ian W. Hunter

    IPC: F03G7/06 ,  A61F2/08 ,  D02G3/02 ,  D02G3/26 ,  D02J13/00

    Abstract: A torsional actuator formed of a yarn of twisted shape memory material. The yarn has multiple strands of homogeneous shape memory material that have been homochirally twisted. For torsional actuation, a fractional portion of the yarn is heated such as by Joule heating. Various Joule heating mechanisms include passing an electrical current through an unwound segment of the yarn, or by coating a fractional portion of the length of each homogeneous strand with a coating material of higher electrical conductivity than the electrical conductivity of the shape memory material an passing current through the length of the yarn. The shape memory material may be a shape memory alloy such as a NiTi alloy.

    COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING A PLURALITY OF DISCRETE NANOSTRUCTURES AND RELATED ARTICLES AND METHODS
    23.
    发明申请
    COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING A PLURALITY OF DISCRETE NANOSTRUCTURES AND RELATED ARTICLES AND METHODS 审中-公开

    公开(公告)号：US20190337806A1

    公开(公告)日：2019-11-07

    申请号：US16401563

    申请日：2019-05-02

    Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Inventor： Ian W. Hunter ,  Timothy M. Swager ,  Intak Jeon ,  Gee Hoon Park ,  Pan Wang

    IPC: C01B32/194 ,  C01B32/198 ,  C10M103/02 ,  C10M105/64 ,  C10M111/02

    Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to compositions including discrete nanostructures (e.g., nanostructures including a functionalized graphene layer and a core species bound to the functionalized graphene layer), and related articles and methods. A composition may have a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to 0.02. Discrete nanostructures may have a substantially non-planar configuration. A core species may reversibly covalently bind a first portion of a functionalized graphene layer to a second portion of the functionalized graphene layer. Articles, e.g., articles including a plurality of discrete nanostructures and a means for depositing the plurality of discrete nanostructures on a surface, are also provided. Methods (e.g., methods of forming a layer) are also provided, including depositing a composition onto a substrate surface and/or applying a mechanical force to the composition, e.g., such that the composition exhibits a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to 0.02.

    Methods, apparatus, and system for mass spectrometry
    24.
    发明授权
    Methods, apparatus, and system for mass spectrometry 有权

    公开(公告)号：US10236172B2

    公开(公告)日：2019-03-19

    申请号：US15645147

    申请日：2017-07-10

    Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Inventor： Ian W. Hunter ,  Brian D. Hemond ,  Harold F. Hemond

    IPC: H01J49/30 ,  H01J49/00 ,  H01J49/14 ,  H01J49/02 ,  H01J49/24

    Abstract: A miniature, low cost mass spectrometer capable of unit resolution over a mass range of 10 to 50 AMU. The mass spectrometer incorporates several features that enhance the performance of the design over comparable instruments. An efficient ion source enables relatively low power consumption without sacrificing measurement resolution. Variable geometry mechanical filters allow for variable resolution. An onboard ion pump removes the need for an external pumping source. A magnet and magnetic yoke produce magnetic field regions with different flux densities to run the ion pump and a magnetic sector mass analyzer. An onboard digital controller and power conversion circuit inside the vacuum chamber allows a large degree of flexibility over the operation of the mass spectrometer while eliminating the need for high-voltage electrical feedthroughs. The miniature mass spectrometer senses fractions of a percentage of inlet gas and returns mass spectra data to a computer.

    NONLINEAR SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUES AND DEVICES FOR DISCOVERING DYNAMIC AND STATIC TISSUE PROPERTIES
    26.
    发明申请
    NONLINEAR SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUES AND DEVICES FOR DISCOVERING DYNAMIC AND STATIC TISSUE PROPERTIES 审中-公开

    公开(公告)号：US20170095195A1

    公开(公告)日：2017-04-06

    申请号：US15342718

    申请日：2016-11-03

    Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Inventor： Ian W. Hunter ,  Yi Chen

    IPC: A61B5/00 ,  G01N3/40 ,  G01N3/24

    CPC classification number: A61B5/103 ,  A01G7/00 ,  A61B5/0048 ,  A61B5/0053 ,  A61B5/0055 ,  A61B5/0057 ,  A61B5/442 ,  A61B5/6824 ,  A61B9/00 ,  G01N3/24 ,  G01N3/40 ,  G01N2203/0069 ,  G01N2203/0218 ,  G01N2203/0246 ,  G01N2203/0278

    Abstract: A device for measuring a mechanical property of a tissue includes a probe configured to perturb the tissue with movement relative to a surface of the tissue, an actuator coupled to the probe to move the probe, a detector configured to measure a response of the tissue to the perturbation, and a controller coupled to the actuator and the detector. The controller drives the actuator using a stochastic sequence and determines the mechanical property of the tissue using the measured response received from the detector. The probe can be coupled to the tissue surface. The device can include a reference surface configured to contact the tissue surface. The probe may include a set of interchangeable heads, the set including a head for lateral movement of the probe and a head for perpendicular movement of the probe. The perturbation can include extension of the tissue with the probe or sliding the probe across the tissue surface and may also include indentation of the tissue with the probe. In some embodiments, the actuator includes a Lorentz force linear actuator. The mechanical property may be determined using non-linear stochastic system identification. The mechanical property may be indicative of, for example, tissue compliance and tissue elasticity. The device can further include a handle for manual application of the probe to the surface of the tissue and may include an accelerometer detecting an orientation of the probe. The device can be used to test skin tissue of an animal, plant tissue, such as fruit and vegetables, or any other biological tissue.

    AUTOMATED METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS BUBBLE DETECTION AND EXPULSION
    28.
    发明申请
    AUTOMATED METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS BUBBLE DETECTION AND EXPULSION 有权
    自动检测和排放的自动方法

    公开(公告)号：US20150122338A1

    公开(公告)日：2015-05-07

    申请号：US14528771

    申请日：2014-10-30

    Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Inventor： Ian W. Hunter ,  Ashin P. Modak

    IPC: F17D3/00 ,  G01B21/16 ,  G01P3/02 ,  G01F17/00

    CPC classification number: A61M5/36 ,  A61M5/16859 ,  A61M5/3146 ,  A61M2005/1402 ,  A61M2005/3123 ,  A61M2205/332 ,  G01B21/16 ,  G01F17/00 ,  G01P3/02 ,  Y10T137/0324 ,  Y10T137/2931

    Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting and removing air from a syringe containing a volume of liquid and a volume of gas is described. The method includes moving a piston in the syringe to expel gas through an orifice of the syringe, sensing a movement of the piston in the syringe, and determining when the volume of gas is expelled from the syringe based on a change in the sensed movement. Moving the piston may include applying oscillating force to the piston using an electromagnetic actuator, and displacement and speed of the piston during each oscillation may be sensed. Determining when the volume of gas is expelled may be based on a change in the sensed movement of the piston during one or more oscillations of the piston or based on a comparison to a given reference value.

    Abstract translation: 描述了一种从含有液体体积和气体体积的注射器检测和去除空气的方法和装置。 该方法包括移动注射器中的活塞以通过注射器的孔排出气体，感测活塞在注射器中的运动，以及基于感测到的运动的变化确定何时将体积的气体从注射器排出。 移动活塞可以包括使用电磁致动器向活塞施加振荡力，并且可以感测在每次振荡期间活塞的位移和速度。 确定何时排出气体的时间可以基于在活塞的一个或多个振荡期间感测到的活塞的移动或基于与给定参考值的比较的变化。

    Nonlinear System Identification Techniques and Devices For Discovering Dynamic And Static Tissue Properties
    29.
    发明申请
    Nonlinear System Identification Techniques and Devices For Discovering Dynamic And Static Tissue Properties 有权
    用于发现动态和静态组织特性的非线性系统识别技术和设备

    公开(公告)号：US20150051513A1

    公开(公告)日：2015-02-19

    申请号：US14310744

    申请日：2014-06-20

    Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Inventor： Ian W. Hunter ,  Yi Chen

    IPC: A61B5/00

    CPC classification number: A61B5/103 ,  A01G7/00 ,  A61B5/0048 ,  A61B5/0053 ,  A61B5/0055 ,  A61B5/0057 ,  A61B5/442 ,  A61B5/6824 ,  A61B9/00 ,  G01N3/24 ,  G01N3/40 ,  G01N2203/0069 ,  G01N2203/0218 ,  G01N2203/0246 ,  G01N2203/0278

    Abstract: A device for measuring a mechanical property of a tissue includes a probe configured to perturb the tissue with movement relative to a surface of the tissue, an actuator coupled to the probe to move the probe, a detector configured to measure a response of the tissue to the perturbation, and a controller coupled to the actuator and the detector. The controller drives the actuator using a stochastic sequence and determines the mechanical property of the tissue using the measured response received from the detector. The probe can be coupled to the tissue surface. The device can include a reference surface configured to contact the tissue surface. The probe may include a set of interchangeable heads, the set including a head for lateral movement of the probe and a head for perpendicular movement of the probe. The perturbation can include extension of the tissue with the probe or sliding the probe across the tissue surface and may also include indentation of the tissue with the probe. In some embodiments, the actuator includes a Lorentz force linear actuator. The mechanical property may be determined using non-linear stochastic system identification. The mechanical property may be indicative of, for example, tissue compliance and tissue elasticity. The device can further include a handle for manual application of the probe to the surface of the tissue and may include an accelerometer detecting an orientation of the probe. The device can be used to test skin tissue of an animal, plant tissue, such as fruit and vegetables, or any other biological tissue.

    Abstract translation: 用于测量组织的机械特性的装置包括配置成相对于组织表面移动来干扰组织的探针，耦合到探针以移动探针的致动器，被配置成测量组织的响应的检测器 扰动和耦合到致动器和检测器的控制器。 控制器使用随机序列驱动致动器，并使用从检测器接收的测量响应来确定组织的机械特性。 探针可以耦合到组织表面。 该装置可以包括构造成接触组织表面的参考表面。 探针可以包括一组可互换的头部，该组件包括用于探针的横向运动的头部和用于探针的垂直运动的头部。 扰动可以包括用探针延伸组织或者将探针滑过组织表面，还可以包括用探针的组织​​的凹陷。 在一些实施例中，致动器包括洛伦兹力线性致动器。 可以使用非线性随机系统识别来确定机械特性。 机械性能可以指示例如组织依从性和组织弹性。 该装置还可以包括用于将探针手动施加到组织表面的手柄，并且可以包括检测探针取向的加速度计。 该装置可用于测试动物，植物组织如水果和蔬菜或任何其他生物组织的皮肤组织。

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