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    Methods for preparing 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid
    22.
    发明授权
    Methods for preparing 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid 有权
    制备2,5-呋喃二羧酸的方法

    公开(公告)号：US09260403B2

    公开(公告)日：2016-02-16

    申请号：US14229388

    申请日：2014-03-28

    申请人： Yasuo Yoshikuni ,  Susan R. Cooper ,  Adam J. Wargacki ,  Leo E. Manzer ,  James F. White ,  Lou Kapicak ,  Dennis J. Miller ,  Lars Peereboom

    发明人： Yasuo Yoshikuni ,  Susan R. Cooper ,  Adam J. Wargacki ,  Leo E. Manzer ,  James F. White ,  Lou Kapicak ,  Dennis J. Miller ,  Lars Peereboom

    IPC分类号： C07D307/68

    CPC分类号： C07D307/68

    摘要： Provided are methods of producing 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) from renewable sources such as seaweed, alginate, oligoalginate, pectin, oligopectin, polygalacturonate, galacturonate, and/or oligogalacturonate. The sugars in the renewable sources can be converted into one or more intermediates such as 4-deoxy-L-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate (DEHU), 4-deoxy-L-threo-5-hexosulose uronate (DTHU), 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), 2,5-dihydroxymethyl furan (DHMF), and 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (FFA), which can be converted into FDCA by dehydration and cyclization to produce 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (FFA), followed by oxidation to produce FDCA. DEHU or DTHU may also be converted into FDCA by oxidation to produce 2,3-dihydroxy-5-oxohexanedioic acid (DOHA), which then undergoes dehydration and cyclization to produce FDCA.

    摘要翻译： 提供从可再生来源例如海藻，藻酸盐，低聚海藻酸盐，果胶，寡聚糖蛋白，聚半乳糖醛酸盐，半乳糖醛酸盐和/或寡聚半乳糖醛酸盐生产2,5-呋喃二羧酸（FDCA）的方法。 可再生资源中的糖可以转化为一种或多种中间体，例如4-脱氧-L-赤式5-己糖糖酸糖（DEHU），4-脱氧-L-苏糖-5-己糖糖酸糖（DTHU），5- 羟基甲基糠醛（HMF），2,5-二羟甲基呋喃（DHMF）和5-甲酰基-2-呋喃甲酸（FFA），其可以通过脱水和环化转化成FDCA以产生5-甲酰基-2-呋喃甲酸（ FFA），然后氧化生成FDCA。 DEHU或DTHU也可以通过氧化转化成FDCA，生成2,3-二羟基-5-氧代己二酸（DOHA），然后进行脱水和环化以产生FDCA。

    Hydroxymethyl furfural oxidation methods
    24.
    发明授权
    Hydroxymethyl furfural oxidation methods 有权
    羟甲基糠醛氧化法

    公开(公告)号：US07700788B2

    公开(公告)日：2010-04-20

    申请号：US11932436

    申请日：2007-10-31

    申请人： Michael A. Lilga ,  Richard T. Hallen ,  Jianli Hu ,  James F. White ,  Michel J. Gray

    发明人： Michael A. Lilga ,  Richard T. Hallen ,  Jianli Hu ,  James F. White ,  Michel J. Gray

    IPC分类号： C07D307/44

    CPC分类号： C07D307/48 ,  C07D307/44

    摘要： A method of oxidizing hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) includes providing a starting material which includes HMF in a solvent comprising water into a reactor. At least one of air and O2 is provided into the reactor. The starting material is contacted with the catalyst comprising Pt on a support material where the contacting is conducted at a reactor temperature of from about 50° C. to about 200° C. A method of producing an oxidation catalyst where ZrO2 is provided and is calcined. The ZrO2 is mixed with platinum (II) acetylacetonate to form a mixture. The mixture is subjected to rotary evaporation to form a product. The product is calcined and reduced under hydrogen to form an activated product. The activated product is passivated under a flow of 2% O2.

    摘要翻译： 氧化羟甲基糠醛（HMF）的方法包括在包含水的溶剂中将包含HMF的原料提供到反应器中。 将空气和O2中的至少一个提供到反应器中。 起始材料与包含Pt的催化剂在载体材料上接触，其中接触在约50℃至约200℃的反应器温度下进行。制备其中提供ZrO 2并被煅烧的氧化催化剂的方法 。 将ZrO 2与乙酰丙酮化铂（II）混合以形成混合物。 将混合物进行旋转蒸发以形成产物。 将产物在氢气下煅烧和还原以形成活化产物。 活化产物在2％O 2的流量下钝化。

    Seed counting apparatus for a planter monitor
    25.
    发明授权
    Seed counting apparatus for a planter monitor 失效
    播种机监视器种子计数装置

    公开(公告)号：US5969340A

    公开(公告)日：1999-10-19

    申请号：US907495

    申请日：1997-08-08

    申请人： Rasvan N. Dragne ,  James F. White ,  Nikolai Tevs

    发明人： Rasvan N. Dragne ,  James F. White ,  Nikolai Tevs

    IPC分类号： A01C7/08 ,  A01C7/10 ,  G06M1/10 ,  G06M1/272 ,  G06M11/00 ,  H01J40/14

    CPC分类号： A01C7/105 ,  G06M1/101 ,  G06M11/00

    摘要： A seed counter for counting seeds flowing through a duct includes a light transmitter on one side of the duct and light receiver on the opposed side of the duct together with an electronic circuit effecting analysis of the signals received by the receiver to generate a seed count value which represents accurately as possible the number of seeds passing through the duct. The transmitter and receiver each comprise a channel-shaped body with diodes at a base of the channel with the channel filled with a translucent potting material facing into the duct. The circuit receives the signals which include for each passage of a seed or a clump of seeds a temporary reduction in light intensity which is converted to a reduction in voltage. Prior to start up the steady state voltage is measured and the current to the transmitter varied to provide a predetermined level of signal at the receiver. The circuit includes a DC compression circuit and a AC compression circuit at an amplifier so as to provide an output signal in a required amplitude range. An autobiasing section maintains a steady state signal at a required level. The amplitude of the signal is compared to a threshold by generating a first signal which is offset by the threshold and a second signal which is delayed by a predetermined time period, the comparison generating a square wave output when one of the signals crosses the other signal. The seed counter is used in a monitoring system having a central monitor which can be operated to vary the parameters of the comparison circuit including the time delay. The use of the comparison circuit assists in determining the difference between a single seed and a clump of seeds passing the transmitter/receiver simultaneously.

    摘要翻译： 用于计数流过管道的种子的种子计数器包括在管道的一侧上的光发射器和在管道的相对侧上的光接收器以及电子电路，其实现由接收器接收的信号的分析以产生种子计数值 其尽可能准确地代表穿过管道的种子的数量。 发射器和接收器各自包括在通道的基部处具有二极管的通道形体，其中通道填充有面向管道的半透明灌封材料。 该电路接收包括种子或种子簇的每次通过的信号，其中光强度的临时降低被转换为电压的降低。 在启动之前，测量稳态电压并且到发射机的电流变化以在接收器处提供预定水平的信号。 该电路在放大器中包括DC压缩电路和AC压缩电路，以便提供所需幅度范围内的输出信号。 自动偏置部分将稳态信号保持在所需的水平。 通过产生被阈值偏移的第一信号和延迟预定时间段的第二信号将信号的幅度与阈值进行比较，该比较当其中一个信号与另一信号相交时产生方波输出 。 种子计数器用于具有中央监视器的监视系统，其可以被操作以改变包括时间延迟的比较电路的参数。 比较电路的使用有助于确定单个种子和同时通过发射机/接收机的种子团簇之间的差异。

    Electrically blowable fuse structure manufacturing for organic insulators
    26.
    发明授权
    Electrically blowable fuse structure manufacturing for organic insulators 失效
    有机绝缘子可电熔熔丝结构制造

    公开(公告)号：US5469981A

    公开(公告)日：1995-11-28

    申请号：US323196

    申请日：1994-10-14

    申请人： Kris V. Srikrishnan ,  James F. White ,  Jer-Ming Yang

    发明人： Kris V. Srikrishnan ,  James F. White ,  Jer-Ming Yang

    IPC分类号： H01L23/525 ,  H01L23/538 ,  H05K1/02 ,  H01B13/00

    CPC分类号： H01L23/5256 ,  H01L23/5382 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H05K1/0263

    摘要： An electrically blowable fuse structure usable with organic insulators in microelectronic parts is provided. The fuse structure is made of a first heat resistant member, a fusing element and a second heat resistant member. The heat resistant members are in substantial contact with the fuse and thermally insulate the fuse from the organic insulator. The ends of each fuse are electrically connected to a pair conductors.A process for fabricating an electrically blowable fuse structure usable with an organic insulator is provided. A substrate with an organic insulator coating and containing electrically conductive features with exposed contacts is provided. A heat shield layer and a fuse layer are deposited sequentially and patterned by subtractive etching. Plurality of conductors are formed over so as to electrically connect each fuse element to a pair of conductors. A second heat resistant member is formed over the fuse area and the substrate is subsequently quoted with an organic insulator.

    摘要翻译： 提供了可用于微电子部件中的有机绝缘体的可电熔熔融结构。 熔丝结构由第一耐热构件，定影元件和第二耐热构件制成。 耐热构件与保险丝基本接触，并将保险丝与有机绝缘体热绝缘。 每个保险丝的端部电连接到一对导体。 提供了一种用于制造可用于有机绝缘体的电可熔融熔丝结构的工艺。 提供了具有有机绝缘体涂层并且包含具有暴露触点的导电特征的衬底。 依次沉积热屏蔽层和熔丝层，并通过减去蚀刻图案化。 形成多个导体以便将每个熔丝元件电连接到一对导体。 在保险丝区域上形成第二耐热构件，随后用有机绝缘体引用衬底。

    Catalyst and process for using same for the preparation of unsaturated carboxylic acid esters
    27.
    发明授权
    Catalyst and process for using same for the preparation of unsaturated carboxylic acid esters 失效
    用于制备不饱和羧酸酯的催化剂和方法

    公开(公告)号：US5347046A

    公开(公告)日：1994-09-13

    申请号：US67445

    申请日：1993-05-25

    申请人： James F. White ,  Barbara Slawski ,  Geoffrey White

    发明人： James F. White ,  Barbara Slawski ,  Geoffrey White

    IPC分类号： B01J23/52 ,  B01J23/62 ,  B01J23/656 ,  B01J23/89 ,  B01J37/02 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07C67/05 ,  C07C67/055 ,  C07C69/15 ,  C07C69/24 ,  C07C69/76 ,  B01J23/58 ,  B01J31/00

    CPC分类号： C07C67/055 ,  B01J23/52 ,  B01J23/89 ,  B01J23/8926 ,  B01J37/0207

    摘要： Disclosed are catalyst compositions comprising (i) one or more palladium group metals and/or compounds thereof; (ii) gold and/or compounds thereof; and (iii) optionally, an effective amount of one or more promoters selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, lead, silver and compounds thereof. Preferably these catalyst compositions contain one or more promoters wherein the gram ratio of metal in the promoter to palladium group metal is up to about 0.4, wherein the catalysts are deposited on a support material and said support material is treated with one or more alkali metal bases and one or more alkali metal silicates prior to said deposition.Also described are processes for preparing ethylenically unsaturated esters comprising reacting in the vapor phase at least one olefinic compound with at least one carboxylic organic acid and molecular oxygen in the presence of an effective amount of the foregoing catalyst compositions.

    摘要翻译： 公开了包含（i）一种或多种钯族金属和/或其化合物的催化剂组合物; （ii）金和/或其化合物; 和（iii）任选的有效量的一种或多种选自铜，镍，钴，铁，锰，铅，银及其化合物的助催化剂。 优选地，这些催化剂组合物含有一种或多种促进剂，其中促进剂与钯族金属中金属的克比高达约0.4，其中催化剂沉积在载体材料上，所述载体材料用一种或多种碱金属碱 和一种或多种碱金属硅酸盐。 还描述了制备烯键式不饱和酯的方法，包括在有效量的上述催化剂组合物存在下，在汽相中使至少一种烯属化合物与至少一种羧酸有机酸和分子氧反应。