摘要:
Process for preparing formic acid by hydrogenation of carbon dioxide in the presence of a catalyst comprising an element of group 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic Table, a tertiary amine and a polar solvent at a pressure of from 0.2 to 30 MPa abs and a temperature of from 20 to 200° C. to form two liquid phases, separation of the two liquid phases, wherein the liquid phase (B) enriched with the tertiary amine is recirculated to the hydrogenation reactor and the formic acid/amine adduct from the liquid phase (A) enriched with the formic acid/amine adduct and the polar solvent is thermally dissociated into free formic acid and free tertiary amine in a distillation unit and the tertiary amine liberated in the dissociation and the polar solvent are recirculated to the hydrogenation reactor.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a particularly economic overall method for producing menthol, specifically for producing optically active, essentially enantiomerically and diastereomerically pure L-menthol and racemic menthol, starting from the starting material citral which is available inexpensively on an industrial scale. The method comprises the following stepsa.1) catalytic hydrogenation of neral and/or geranial to give citronellal, b.1) cyclization of citronellal to isopulegol in the presence of an acidic catalyst, c.1) purification of isopulegol by crystallization and d.1) catalytic hydrogenation of isopulegol to give menthol.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for the hydroformylation of compounds of the formula (I), where X is C, P(Rx), P(O—Rx) S or S(═O), where Rx is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or hetaryl; A is a divalent bridging group having from 1 to 4 bridging atoms; and R1 is H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or hetaryl; or salts thereof; in which the compound of the formula (I) is reacted with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a complex of a metal of transition group VIII with a compound of the formula (II), where Pn is a pnicogen atom; W is a divalent bridging group having from 1 to 8 bridging atoms; R2 is a functional group capable of forming an intermolecular, noncovalent bond with the group —X(═O)OH; R3, R4 are each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or hetaryl; a, b, c are each 0 or 1; and Y1, Y2 and Y3 are each O, S, NRa or SiRbRc; and also compounds of the formula (II.a), where W′ is a divalent bridging group having from 1 to 5 bridging atoms between the flanking bonds, Z is O, S, S(═O), S(═O)2, N(RIX) or C(RIX)(RX); and RI to RX are each, independently of one another, H, halogen, nitro, cyano, amino, alkyl, etc.; or two radicals RI, RII, RIV, RVI, RVIII and RIX together represent the second part of a double bond.
摘要翻译:本发明涉及式(I)化合物加氢甲酰化的方法,其中X为C,P(Rx),P(O-Rx)S或S(= O)),其中Rx为H,烷基, 环烷基,杂环烷基,芳基或杂芳基; A是具有1至4个桥连原子的二价桥连基团; R 1为H,烷基,烯基,炔基,环烷基,杂环烷基,芳基或杂芳基; 或其盐; 其中式(I)的化合物与一氧化碳和氢气在包含过渡族VIII的金属与式(II)的化合物的络合物的存在下反应,其中Pn是酚醛原子; W是具有1至8个桥连原子的二价桥连基团; R2是能够与基团-X(= O)OH形成分子间,非共价键的官能团; R 3,R 4各自为烷基,环烷基,杂环烷基,芳基或杂芳基; a,b,c各自为0或1; Y1,Y2和Y3分别为O,S,NRa或SiRbRc; 以及式(II.a)化合物,其中W'是在侧翼键之间具有1至5个桥连原子的二价桥连基团,Z是O,S,S(= O),S(= O)2 ,N(RIX)或C(RIX)(RX); R 1和R 2各自独立地为H,卤素,硝基,氰基,氨基,烷基等; 或两个基团RI,RII,RIV,RVI,RVIII和RIX一起表示双键的第二部分。
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for preparing optically active alkylsuccinic acid monoalkyl esters of the formula (I) where D and E are independently of one another H, C1-C10 alkyl, R is C1-C10 alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl.
摘要:
Process for preparing tricyclodecanedialdehyde by hydroformylation of dicyclopentadiene by means of a CO/H2 mixture at elevated temperature and under superatmospheric pressure in the presence of a rhodium catalyst which has not been modified by means of a ligand and is homogeneously dissolved in the hydroformylation medium, wherein the hydroformylation is carried out at a pressure of from 200 to 350 bar in at least two reaction zones, with a reaction temperature of from 80 to 120° C. being set in a first reaction zone and a reaction temperature of from 120 to 150° C. being set in a reaction zone following this reaction zone, with the proviso that the reaction temperature in the subsequent reaction zone is at least 5° C. higher than in the preceding reaction zone.
摘要:
A process for preparing C9-alcohols comprises a) providing a C4-hydrocarbon stream comprising butene and butane; b) subjecting the C4-hydrocarbon stream to oligomerization over an olefin oligomerization catalyst and fractionating the resulting reaction mixture to give an octene-containing stream and a butene-depleted C4-hydrocarbon stream; c) subjecting the butene-depleted C4-hydrocarbon stream to steam reforming or partial oxidation to give carbon monoxide and hydrogen; d) hydroformylating the octene-containing stream by means of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst to form C9-aldehydes, where the carbon monoxide used and/or the hydrogen used originate at least in part from step c); and e) catalytically hydrogenating the C9-aldehydes by means of hydrogen. In a variant of the process, part of the butenes present in the C4-hydrocarbon stream are hydroformylated to form C5-aldehydes, these are subjected to an aldol condensation and the product of the aldol condensation is hydrogenated to form C10-alcohols. The process allows the C4-hydrocarbon stream used to be substantially utilized as material.
摘要:
The invention concerns a process for the preparation of 6-aminocapronitrile or 6-aminocapronitrile-hexamethylene diamine mixtures by: a) reacting 5-formylvaleronitrile with ammonia and hydrogen in the presence of hydrogenation catalysts selected from the group consisting of metals or metal compounds rhenium, copper and elements of group VIII of the periodic table of elements, a hydrogenation discharge product being obtained; and b) extracting from the hydrogenation discharge product 6-aminocapronitrile and optionally hexamethylene diamine, provided that the hydrogenation catalyst does not contain copper, nickel or copper and nickel as it's only components.
摘要:
A process for the preparation of aldehydes or aldehydes and alcohols by hydroformylation of olefins containing more than 3 carbon atoms comprising a hydroformylation stage, in which the olefin is hydroformylated under a pressure of from 50 to 1000 bar and at a temperature of from 50.degree. to 180.degree. C. using a rhodium catalyst that is dissolved in a homogeneous reaction medium and by extraction of the rhodium catalyst, in whicha) the hydroformylation is carried out in the presence of a rhodium complex, which exhibits, as ligand, a polydentate, organic nitrogen compound that is free from phosphorus and capable of forming complexes with Group VIII metals, which additionally contains at least one tertiary nitrogen radical that is capable of being protonized by a weak acid,b) the effluent of the hydroformylation stage is subjected to extraction with an aqueous solution of a distillable acid optionally following separation or partial separation of aldehydes and alcohols,(c) the aqueous acid extract is subjected to thermal treatment in the presence of an organic solvent or solvent mixture, which is inert under the hydroformylation conditions, with distillation of the aqueous acid, by means of which treatment the complex is deprotonized and transferred to the organic phase, and(d) the organic phase containing the catalyst complex is recycled to the hydroformylation stage.
摘要:
Aldehydes with a higher number of carbon atoms and high selection are prepared by reacting olefins, in particular from petrochemical refinery products, by a hydroformylation with aldol condensation using a mixed catalyst of rhodium-carbonyl-phosphines and Mannich catalyst.