摘要:
A process (40) is provided for preparing a catalyst (20). A catalyst (20) is formed over a substrate (12). A gas (24) comprising hydrogen and carbon is applied to the catalyst (20), wherein a carbon seeding layer (26) is formed on the catalyst (20). Carbon nanotubes (28) may then be grown from the catalyst (20) having the carbon seeding layer thereon (26).
摘要:
A method of removing an amorphous oxide from a surface of a monocrystalline substrate is provided. The method includes depositing a passivation material overlying the amorphous oxide. The monocrystalline substrate is then heated so that the amorphous oxide layer decomposes into at least one volatile species that is liberated from the surface.
摘要:
An embodiment of the instant invention is a method of forming a nano-rugged silicon-containing layer, the method comprising the steps of: providing a first silicon-containing layer (steps 202 or 802); providing a patterning layer over the first silicon-containing layer (steps 204 or 804); the patterning layer comprised of an amorphous substance; providing a second silicon-containing layer (steps 206 or 808) over the patterning layer; and wherein the patterning layer creates a nano-rugged texture in the second silicon-containing layer. Preferably, the first and second silicon-containing layers are comprised of polycrystalline silicon. In an alternative embodiment, the patterning layer is comprised of a material which has small holes such that the step of providing the second silicon-containing layer utilizes the first silicon-containing layer as a seed layer through the small holes so as to form the second silicon-containing layer. In another alternative embodiment, the second silicon-containing layer is comprised of a plurality of islands of the silicon-containing material separated by voids in the material. Preferably, the patterning layer is comprised of SiO.sub.2.
摘要:
A method for the preparation of sulfonated polymer compositions wherein water dispersible isocyanate-terminated polyurethane prepolymers are reacted in the presence of aqueous polyvinyl dispersions which may contain active hydrogen atoms. The invention is further directed to a water-based sulfonated polyurethane polyvinyl hybrid latex wherein a sulfonated polyurethane is used as a seed for the polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers and a method for preparing the same. The inventive compositions develop interpenetrating polymer networks or may form core-shell type structures, and are characterized as having enhanced mechanical and adhesion properties.
摘要:
A method of preparing a surface for and forming a thin film on a single-crystal silicon substrate is disclosed. One embodiment of his method comprises forming an oxidized silicon layer (which may be a native oxide) on at least one region of the substrate, and thermally annealing the substrate in a vacuum while supplying a silicon-containing flux to the oxide surface, thus removing the oxidized silicon layer. Preferably, the thin film is formed immediately after removal of the oxidized silicon layer. The silicon-containing flux is preferably insufficient to deposit a silicon-containing layer on top of the oxidized silicon layer, and yet sufficient to substantially inhibit an SiO-forming reaction between the silicon substrate and the oxidized silicon layer. The method of the invention allows for growth or deposition of films which have exceptionally smooth interfaces (less than 0.1 nm rms roughness) with the underlying silicon substrate at temperatures less than 800.degree. C., and is ideally suited for deposition of ultrathin films having thicknesses less than about 5 nm.
摘要:
The present invention is directed to aqueous polyurethane dispersions and aqueous polyurethane-acrylic dispersions, especially polymer dispersions formed from norbornane diisocyanate. The dispersions, and the dried polymers therefrom, are useful adhesives that provide enhanced bond strength when subjected to increased thermal and mechanical stress. Additionally, the inventive dispersions form polymers having increased adhesion compared to similar polymers based on cycloaliphatic diisocyanates which are free of a methylene bridge.
摘要:
A device (110, 151, 200) with a viewable surface (201) including a plurality of transparent pedestals (210) having a reflective material (406) disposed on its sides (408) make smudges forming thereon unnoticeable by taking advantage of optical characteristics including contrast and the user's visual acuity. The pedestals (210) generally have a width (412) of less than 50 microns, a height (414) equal to twice the width (412), and a spacing (416) between adjacent pedestals (210) equal to the width (412). The device (110, 151, 200) may be an electronic device, and more particularly a portable electronic device such as a cell phone.
摘要:
Generalization and/or specialization of code fragments is described, for example, as part of a tool for software developers. In an embodiment, a developer inserts natural language expressing a programming task into code he or she is developing in an integrated development environment; a program synthesizer obtains relevant (possibly non-compiling) code fragments for the task, merges those together to form a snippet, specializes the snippet for the context of the code and inserts the specialized snippet into the code. For example, a pair of code fragments are obtained from a search engine and are merged by discarding statements which are not common to each of the pair. In examples, pairs of code fragments are selected using search engine ranks, user input, or frequency. In embodiments, placeholders replace variable names in the merged fragments. An example takes a syntax tree of the code being developed and uses that to specialize snippets.
摘要:
A system for displaying the listings of files and/or folders in one of a plurality of different views (e.g., gallery view or list view). In particular embodiments, the system determines which of the views to display in the listings in based on: (1) the types of files to be displayed; (2) a specified preference of a content sharer; and/or (3) a specified preference of a content recipient. Various embodiments are particularly useful for displaying lists of files that a content sharer shares with a content recipient via a URL within the context of a synched file sharing system.
摘要:
A device and method determines a command from a touch input. The method includes determining an application-in-use data indicative of an application being executed. The method includes receiving, by a touch sensitive input device, a touch input data including at least one of a finger use input data, a force input data, a gesture input data, and a location input data. The finger use input data relates to how the touch input data is entered. The force input data relates to a pressure applied in the touch input data. The gesture input data relates to a motion of the touch input data over time. The location input data relates to a position on the input device. The method includes determining a command based on the application-in-use data and at least one of the finger use input data, the force input data, the gesture input data, and the location input data.