摘要:
An electrochemical device (such as a battery) includes at least one electrode having a fluid surface and one or more sensors configured to detect an operating condition of the device. Fluid-directing structures may modulate flow or retain fluid in response to the sensors. An electrolyte within the device may also include an ion-transport fluid, for example infiltrated into a porous solid support.
摘要:
A pasteurization system includes a liquid inlet configured to receive a liquid to be pasteurized. The system also includes a pump coupled to the liquid inlet for pressurizing the liquid. Further, the system includes a counter flow heat exchanger coupled to the liquid inlet and the pump, the counterflow heat exchanger configured to heat the liquid to a predetermined temperature for at least a predetermined time and configured to exchange heat between a flow of liquid in a first direction in a first channel with the flow of liquid in a second direction opposite the first direction in a second channel. A heating section that heats the liquid flow is integrated into the heat exchanger and heats at least a portion of the first channel or the second channel.
摘要:
An electrical power transmission system includes electrical insulators arranged to electrically isolate live power lines. Measurement devices are physically incorporated or integrated in the insulator structures. The measurement devices measure and report insulator properties during live wire conditions.
摘要:
A smart link in a power delivery system includes an insulator, which electrically isolates a power line, and a switchable conductance placed in parallel with the insulator. The switchable conductance includes switchgear for sourcing, sinking, and/or dispatching real and/or reactive power on the power line to dynamically in response to dynamic loading, transient voltages and/or currents, and phase conditions or other conditions on the power line.
摘要:
An assembly structure and process for attaching integrated circuits to multichip modules and attaching the module to a printed circuit board. An epoxy loaded with diamond dust or boron nitride is used to attach the integrated circuit to the module. The dust material increases the thermal conductance of the epoxy for improved heat dissipation without substantially increasing the capacitance of interconnect routed underneath the epoxy. Reverse wedge wire bonding is also used to electrically connect the integrated circuit to the module allowing greater chip densities on the module surface. The chip/module assembly can then be mounted on a printed circuit board and the module leads wired directly to the board.
摘要:
An integral decoupling capacitor for a multichip module. The capacitor is formed over a support base material which need not be conductive. A first plate is formed by deposition of an anodizable metal. The metal is then anodized to form a dielectric layer. A second layer of metal is then formed over the dielectric layer. The formation of the capacitor over the surface of the wafer allows modules to be inventoried. Direct contact to the metal forming the capacitor plates relieves the support base from any requirement to be conductive.
摘要:
A thin film eutectic bond for attaching an integrated circuit die to a circuit substrate is formed by coating at least one bonding surface on the die and substrate with an alloying metal, assembling the die and substrate under compression loading, and heating the assembly to an alloying temperature in a vacuum. A very thin bond, 10 microns or less, which is substantially void free, is produced. These bonds have high reliability, good heat and electrical conduction, and high temperature tolerance. The bonds are formed in a vacuum chamber, using a positioning and loading fixture to compression load the die, and an IR lamp or other heat source. For bonding a silicon die to a silicon substrate, a gold silicon alloy bond is used. Multiple dies can be bonded simultaneously. No scrubbing is required.
摘要:
In the fabrication of multilevel integrated circuits, each metal layer is anarized by heating to momentarily melt the layer. The layer is melted by sweeping laser pulses of suitable width, typically about 1 microsecond duration, over the layer in small increments. The planarization of each metal layer eliminates irregular and discontinuous conditions between successive layers. The planarization method is particularly applicable to circuits having ground or power planes and allows for multilevel interconnects. Dielectric layers can also be planarized to produce a fully planar multilevel interconnect structure. The method is useful for the fabrication of VLSI circuits, particularly for wafer-scale integration.
摘要:
A semiconductor chip having improved heat dissipation capability. The back surface of a semiconductor chip is provided with microscopic channels defined by fins in intimate contact with the chip. A cover is affixed to the fins to enclose the channels for the laminar flow of coolant fluid. The chip can be mounted in a recessed portion of a dual in-line package (DIP) with conductive tubes integral with the package providing the flow of coolant. Advantageously, the tubes can function as power busses to the integrated circuit.
摘要:
The present invention may include a towable trailer being mechanically couplable to a vehicle, the towable trailer including an auxiliary battery housing unit, a wheel being rotatably connected to the towable trailer, an auxiliary battery disposed within the auxiliary battery housing unit of the towable trailer, the vehicle including a storage battery, the auxiliary battery of the towable trailer being electrically couplable with the storage battery of the vehicle via a bidirectional pathway, and a control system configured to control a transfer of electrical energy between the auxiliary battery of the towable trailer and the storage battery of the vehicle along the bidirectional pathway.