Pasteurization system and method
    32.
    发明申请
    Pasteurization system and method 有权
    巴氏灭菌系统及方法

    公开(公告)号:US20110023728A1

    公开(公告)日:2011-02-03

    申请号:US12462206

    申请日:2009-07-29

    IPC分类号: A23L3/00 A23C3/02 A23L3/005

    摘要: A pasteurization system includes a liquid inlet configured to receive a liquid to be pasteurized. The system also includes a pump coupled to the liquid inlet for pressurizing the liquid. Further, the system includes a counter flow heat exchanger coupled to the liquid inlet and the pump, the counterflow heat exchanger configured to heat the liquid to a predetermined temperature for at least a predetermined time and configured to exchange heat between a flow of liquid in a first direction in a first channel with the flow of liquid in a second direction opposite the first direction in a second channel. A heating section that heats the liquid flow is integrated into the heat exchanger and heats at least a portion of the first channel or the second channel.

    摘要翻译: 巴氏灭菌系统包括构造成接收待巴氏消毒的液体的液体入口。 该系统还包括耦合到液体入口以对液体加压的泵。 此外,该系统包括耦合到液体入口和泵的逆流热交换器,逆流热交换器被配置为将液体加热至预定温度至少预定时间并且构造成在液体流中的热交换 第一通道中的第一方向,在第二通道中具有与第一方向相反的第二方向的液体流。 加热液体流的加热部分集成到热交换器中,并加热第一通道或第二通道的至少一部分。

    Planarization of metal films for multilevel interconnects
    38.
    发明授权
    Planarization of metal films for multilevel interconnects 失效
    多层互连金属薄膜的平面化

    公开(公告)号:US4681795A

    公开(公告)日:1987-07-21

    申请号:US768590

    申请日:1985-08-23

    摘要: In the fabrication of multilevel integrated circuits, each metal layer is anarized by heating to momentarily melt the layer. The layer is melted by sweeping laser pulses of suitable width, typically about 1 microsecond duration, over the layer in small increments. The planarization of each metal layer eliminates irregular and discontinuous conditions between successive layers. The planarization method is particularly applicable to circuits having ground or power planes and allows for multilevel interconnects. Dielectric layers can also be planarized to produce a fully planar multilevel interconnect structure. The method is useful for the fabrication of VLSI circuits, particularly for wafer-scale integration.

    摘要翻译: 在多层集成电路的制造中,每个金属层通过加热平坦化,以瞬间熔化该层。 通过以小的增量扫过适当宽度的激光脉冲,通常在该层上通常约1微秒的持续时间来熔化该层。 每个金属层的平坦化消除了连续层之间的不规则和不连续的条件。 平面化方法特别适用于具有接地或电源平面的电路,并允许多电平互连。 介电层也可以被平坦化以产生完全平面的多层互连结构。 该方法对于制造VLSI电路是有用的,特别是对于晶片级整合。