公开(公告)号：US4336277A

公开(公告)日：1982-06-22

申请号：US191407

申请日：1980-09-29

申请人： Rointan Bunshah ,  Prem Nath

发明人： Rointan Bunshah ,  Prem Nath

IPC分类号： C03C17/245 ,  C23C14/00 ,  C23C14/32 ,  H01L31/18 ,  C23C13/12

CPC分类号： C23C14/0021 ,  C03C17/245 ,  C23C14/32 ,  H01L31/1884 ,  C03C2217/215 ,  C03C2217/231 ,  C03C2218/15 ,  C03C2218/152 ,  Y02E10/50

摘要： Process and apparatus for producing transparent electrical conducting thin films by activated reactive evaporation. Thin films of low melting point metals and alloys, such as indium oxide and indium oxide doped with tin, are produced by physical vapor deposition. The metal or alloy is vaporized by electrical resistance heating in a vacuum chamber, oxygen and an inert gas such as argon are introduced into the chamber, and vapor and gas are ionized by a beam of low energy electrons in a reaction zone between the resistance heater and the substrate. There is a reaction between the ionized oxygen and the metal vapor resulting in the metal oxide which deposits on the substrate as a thin film which is ready for use without requiring post deposition heat treatment.

摘要翻译： 通过活性反应蒸发生产透明导电薄膜的方法和设备。 通过物理气相沉积制造低熔点金属和合金的薄膜，例如掺杂有锡的氧化铟和氧化铟。 金属或合金通过真空室中的电阻加热而蒸发，氧气和惰性气体如氩气被引入到腔室中，并且在电阻加热器之间的反应区域中，通过低能电子束使蒸气和气体离子化 和基板。 电离氧和金属蒸汽之间存在反应，导致金属氧化物沉积在基板上，作为薄膜，其可以在不需要后沉积热处理的情况下准备使用。

公开(公告)号：US5474620A

公开(公告)日：1995-12-12

申请号：US243410

申请日：1994-05-16

申请人： Prem Nath ,  Craig N. Vogeli

发明人： Prem Nath ,  Craig N. Vogeli

IPC分类号： H01L31/048

CPC分类号： H01L31/048 ,  Y02E10/50 ,  Y10T156/1092 ,  Y10T156/1093

摘要： A composite laminate specifically adapted to protect the light incident surface of a photovoltaic module from cuts which could create a short circuit includes a plurality of stacked layer pairs. The first layer of each pair is a glass fiber material and the second layer is a thermoplastic. The layers are disposed in a mutually interpenetrating relationship and topped with a thin transparent protective layer, such as a layer of a fluoropolymer. this combination of layer pairs has been demonstrated to provide sufficient protection to meet Underwriters Laboratories specifications (UL 1703 Section 23. Cut Test) for flat plate photovoltaic modules and panels.

摘要翻译： 特别适用于保护光伏模块的光入射表面的复合层压板不会产生可能产生短路的切口，包括多个堆叠层对。 每对的第一层是玻璃纤维材料，第二层是热塑性材料。 这些层以互相互穿的关系设置，并且覆盖有薄的透明保护层，例如氟聚合物层。 已经证明这种层对的组合可以提供足够的保护，以满足平板光伏模块和面板的美制保险实验室规范（UL 1703第23节切割测试）。

公开(公告)号：US5457057A

公开(公告)日：1995-10-10

申请号：US266527

申请日：1994-06-28

申请人： Prem Nath ,  Craig N. Vogeli ,  Timothy Barnard

发明人： Prem Nath ,  Craig N. Vogeli ,  Timothy Barnard

IPC分类号： H01L31/0224 ,  H01L31/048 ,  H01L31/05 ,  H01L31/18 ,  H01L31/20

CPC分类号： H01L31/206 ,  H01L31/0201 ,  H01L31/022425 ,  H01L31/044 ,  H01L31/048 ,  H01L31/0508 ,  H01L31/1804 ,  H02S20/25 ,  Y02B10/12 ,  Y02E10/547 ,  Y02P70/521

摘要： Photovoltaic devices comprised of one or more encapsulated slabs of photovoltaic material are prepared by a process wherein a large area body of photovoltaic material is divided into a plurality of slabs. A photoactive area is defined within each slab, and defects therein passivated. Current collecting structures are affixed to each slab, and if the device includes a plurality of slabs, they are electrically interconnected. The front surfaces of the slabs are laminated with a transparent protective material, and the rear surfaces are bonded to a support plate. Also disclosed herein is a particular configuration of bus bar tape for interconnecting the slabs and an apparatus for preparing the current collecting wires.

摘要翻译： 由一个或多个光伏材料的封装板组成的光伏器件通过其中大面积的光电转换材料体被分成多个板坯的方法来制备。 在每个板坯中定义光活性区域，并且其中的缺陷被钝化。 电流收集结构固定在每个平板上，并且如果该装置包括多个板，它们是电互连的。 板的前表面层叠有透明保护材料，后表面粘合到支撑板上。 这里还公开了用于互连板的汇流条带和用于准备集电线的装置的特定配置。

公开(公告)号：US5273608A

公开(公告)日：1993-12-28

申请号：US833619

申请日：1992-02-06

申请人： Prem Nath

发明人： Prem Nath

IPC分类号： C09J5/06 ,  H01L31/048 ,  H01L31/18 ,  B32B31/08 ,  B32B31/10 ,  H01L75/00

CPC分类号： C09J5/06 ,  H01L31/048 ,  H01L31/1876 ,  B32B37/04 ,  Y02E10/50 ,  Y02P70/521 ,  Y10T156/1095 ,  Y10T156/1097

摘要： A flexible encapsulated photovoltaic device is prepared by disposing photovoltaic devices on a sheet of thermoplastic material, disposing a front encapsulant material atop the devices, and disposing a bottom encapsulant layer so as to provide a multi-layered structure. The multi-layered structure is rolled under tension so as to compress the layers and the roll is heated to activate the thermoplastic material and bond the layers together. Additional layers may be interposed prior to rolling.

摘要翻译： 通过将光伏器件放置在热塑性材料片上，在器件顶部设置前密封剂材料，并且设置底部密封剂层以提供多层结构来制备柔性封装光伏器件。 多层结构在张力下卷起以压缩层，并且辊被加热以活化热塑性材料并将层粘合在一起。 在轧制之前可以插入附加层。

公开(公告)号：US5238519A

公开(公告)日：1993-08-24

申请号：US852753

申请日：1992-03-17

申请人： Prem Nath ,  Kenneth J. Whelan

发明人： Prem Nath ,  Kenneth J. Whelan

CPC分类号： B32B37/1018

摘要： Apparatus for simultaneously laminating thin polymeric sheets onto at least one surface of a plurality of spacedly disposed substrates, such as photovoltaic modules. By simultaneously accommodating the lamination of a plurality of modules, the cost of the back-end fabrication of those modules is substantially reduced. The apparatus includes a plurality of diaphragms adapted to forcibly and simultaneously urge the polymeric sheets against at least one surface of each of the respective modules to be laminated. The force is preferably generated by a pump which creates a vacuum between the diaphragm and the substrate surface.

摘要翻译： 用于将薄聚合物片材同时层压在多个间隔布置的基底（例如光伏模块）的至少一个表面上的装置。 通过同时容纳多个模块的叠层，这些模块的后端制造的成本显着降低。 该装置包括多个膜片，其适于强制地并且同时地将聚合物片材推压到要层压的每个相应模块的至少一个表面。 力优选地由泵产生，该泵在隔膜和基板表面之间产生真空。

公开(公告)号：US5232518A

公开(公告)日：1993-08-03

申请号：US821963

申请日：1992-01-16

申请人： Prem Nath ,  Timothy Laarman ,  Avtar Singh

发明人： Prem Nath ,  Timothy Laarman ,  Avtar Singh

IPC分类号： E04D13/18 ,  E04D3/36 ,  E04D3/366 ,  F24J2/04 ,  H01L31/04 ,  H01L31/042 ,  H01L31/045 ,  H01L31/048 ,  H01L31/05 ,  H01L31/076

CPC分类号： E04D3/366 ,  E04D3/3605 ,  F24J2/045 ,  F24J2/5262 ,  H01L31/076 ,  H02S20/23 ,  H02S30/20 ,  H02S40/36 ,  Y02B10/12 ,  Y02B10/20 ,  Y02E10/44 ,  Y02E10/47 ,  Y02E10/548 ,  Y10S136/291

摘要： A photovoltaic roofing system includes a plurality of roofing panels each having a photovoltaic device thereupon and each including an electrical connector engageable with a connector on another panel. The panels includes upstanding flanges and a batten and seam roof construction may be readily configured by interconnecting the panels, fastening them to the roof and covering adjoining flanges with the battens.

摘要翻译： 一种光伏屋顶系统包括多个屋顶板，每个屋顶板上都有一个光电器件，并且每个屋顶板包括可与另一个面板上的连接器接合的电连接器。 这些面板包括直立的法兰，并且板条和接缝屋顶结构可以容易地通过互连面板来构造，将它们紧固到屋顶并且用板条覆盖相邻的凸缘。

公开(公告)号：US5084400A

公开(公告)日：1992-01-28

申请号：US602905

申请日：1990-10-23

申请人： Prem Nath ,  Craig N. Vogeli

发明人： Prem Nath ,  Craig N. Vogeli

IPC分类号： H01L21/28 ,  H01L31/20

CPC分类号： H01L31/206 ,  H01L21/28 ,  H01L31/208 ,  Y02E10/50 ,  Y02P70/521 ,  Y10S136/29

摘要： An electronic device of the type including a thin film body having a superposed metallic electrode has short circuit defects therein passivated by a conversion process in which the electrical resistivity of the metallic electrode material is increased proximate the defect regions. Conversion is accomplished by exposing the metallic electrode material to a conversion reagent and activating the reagent proximate the defect regions. The process may be utilized for a variety of differently configured devices, and may be readily adapted for use in a roll-to-roll device fabrication process.

摘要翻译： 包括具有叠置的金属电极的薄膜体的类型的电子器件具有通过转换过程钝化的短路缺陷，其中金属电极材料的电阻率在缺陷区域附近增加。 通过将金属电极材料暴露于转化试剂并在邻近缺陷区域激活试剂来实现转化。 该方法可以用于各种不同配置的设备，并且可以容易地适用于卷对卷设备制造过程中。

公开(公告)号：US4746618A

公开(公告)日：1988-05-24

申请号：US91475

申请日：1987-08-31

申请人： Prem Nath ,  Timothy Barnard

发明人： Prem Nath ,  Timothy Barnard

IPC分类号： H01L27/142 ,  H01L31/0392 ,  H01L31/048 ,  H01L31/20 ,  H01L31/18

CPC分类号： H01L31/03921 ,  H01L31/03926 ,  H01L31/046 ,  H01L31/0463 ,  H01L31/048 ,  H01L31/206 ,  Y02E10/50 ,  Y02P70/521

摘要： A method of continuously electrically interconnecting in series a plurality of smaller area photovoltaic cells from a continuous, elongated web of photovoltaic cell material which is maintained in continual motion.

摘要翻译： 将多个较小面积的光伏电池串联连接的方法，所述多个较小面积的光伏电池连续地连续地连续地互连，所述多个较小面积的光伏电池保持连续运动。

公开(公告)号：US4654468A

公开(公告)日：1987-03-31

申请号：US773709

申请日：1985-09-09

申请人： Prem Nath ,  Dominic Crea ,  Allen Murray

发明人： Prem Nath ,  Dominic Crea ,  Allen Murray

IPC分类号： H01L31/0216 ,  H01L31/0224 ,  H01L31/075 ,  H01L31/06

CPC分类号： H01L31/02161 ,  H01L31/02167 ,  H01L31/022425 ,  H01L31/075 ,  Y02E10/548

摘要： An improved photovoltaic device having a preselected current carrying capacity includes an electrically conductive body, an electrically insulating layer disposed atop the conductive body and a current carrying electrically conductive pattern atop the insulating layer. The material forming the current carrying pattern infiltrates portions of the insulating layer and establishes electrical communication with the electrically conductive body in such a manner that the current carrying capacity of the device is proportional to the area which is infiltrated by the conductive material. Also disclosed herein are methods for the fabrication of the improved device.

摘要翻译： 具有预选电流承载能力的改进的光伏器件包括导电体，设置在导电体顶部的电绝缘层和位于绝缘层顶部的载流导电图案的载流子。 形成载流图案的材料渗入绝缘层的部分并与导电体形成电连通，使得该器件的载流能力与导电材料渗透的面积成比例。 本文还公开了用于制造改进的装置的方法。

公开(公告)号：US4520757A

公开(公告)日：1985-06-04

申请号：US564863

申请日：1983-12-23

申请人： Prem Nath ,  Kevin R. Hoffman ,  Timothy D. Laarman

发明人： Prem Nath ,  Kevin R. Hoffman ,  Timothy D. Laarman

IPC分类号： C23C16/44 ,  C23C16/455 ,  C23C16/509 ,  H01J37/32 ,  C23C11/00

CPC分类号： C23C16/45506 ,  C23C16/455 ,  C23C16/45578 ,  C23C16/45591 ,  C23C16/509 ,  H01J37/3244

摘要： A system for introducing, confining and evacuating process gases adjacent the cathode region of glow discharge deposition apparatus, said apparatus adapted to deposit at least one layer of semiconductor material onto a substrate. The deposition apparatus includes at least one dedicated deposition chamber into which process gases are introduced for glow discharge disassociation into species. The system of the present invention includes a baffling manifold adjacent the cathode, said manifold adapted to (1) substantially prevent adjacent slowly and rapidly moving streams of process gases from forming flow patterns as the semiconductor material is deposited onto the substrate, and (2) thoroughly mix the process gases for only introducing homogeneous, uniform process gas mixtures into the plasma region, thereby preventing adjacent nonhomogeneous, nonuniform mixtures from forming flow patterns as the semiconductor material is deposited onto the substrate. The system is also adapted to expose the entire transverse width of the substrate for the deposition of semiconductor material thereunto.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在辉光放电沉积设备的阴极区域附近引入，限制和排出处理气体的系统，所述设备适于将至少一层半导体材料沉积到衬底上。 沉积设备包括至少一个专用沉积室，其中引入工艺气体用于辉光放电分离成物质。 本发明的系统包括邻近阴极的挡板歧管，所述歧管适用于（1）当半导体材料沉积到衬底上时，基本上防止相邻的缓慢且快速移动的工艺气体流形成流动图案，以及（2） 将工艺气体充分混合，仅将均匀的均匀的工艺气体混合物引入等离子体区域，从而当半导体材料沉积到衬底上时防止相邻的非均匀不均匀混合物形成流动模式。 该系统还适于暴露用于沉积半导体材料的基板的整个横向宽度。