Abstract:
A grating optical fiber comprises a core, a first clad layer formed around the core, and a second clad layer formed around the first clad. Germanium is doped in the core, while germanium and fluorine are doped in the first clad layer. Gratings are formed on both the core and the first clad layer. The difference between the indexes of refraction between the first and second clad layers is smaller than the difference between the indexes of refraction between the core and the first clad layer.
Abstract:
In order that reaction products of low vapor pressure may be prevented from being deposited on the side wall of a predetermined pattern when this pattern is to be formed by dry-etching a Pt film or a PZT film, a resist mask 54 having a rounded outer periphery at its head is used when the Pt film 53 deposited on a semiconductor substrate 50 is to be dry-etched. After this dry-etching, moreover, an overetching of a proper extent is performed to completely remove the side wall deposited film 55 which is left on the side of the pattern. The resist mask 54 is formed by exposing and developing a benzophenone novolak resist and subsequently by heating to set it while irradiating it, if necessary, with ultraviolet rays.
Abstract:
A photographic developing apparatus which visualizes a latent image formed on an image carrier is disclosed which includes:a developing powder carrier provided so as to be opposite to the image carrier;a layer forming member for forming a thin layer of developing powder over a circumferential surface of the developing powder carrier;a charge imparting member which is provided so as to be opposite to the developing powder carrier and causes an electric field between the charge imparting member and the developing powder carrier; andan electrification control member which is interposed between the charge imparting member and the developing powder carrier, and limits an ionization area caused by electric discharge in the electric field by receiving an intermediate electric potential between the electric potential of the charge imparting member and the electric potential of the developing powder carrier.
Abstract:
A single-component developing apparatus comprising a developer holding member having a peripheral surface, a power supply section applying an AC developing bias voltage to the developer holding member, the AC developing bias voltage having a waveform with predetermined minimum value, maximum value and period, an electrostatic latent image receiving member opposing the developer holding member across a gap having predetermined width, a developer supplying section supplying a developer to the developer holding member, and a developer regulating member forming developer into a thin layer on the peripheral surface of the developer holding member by pressing on the developer holding member.In this arrangement the developer holding member transports the thin layer of developer towards the electrostatic latent image receiving member, and the transported thin layer of developer flies from the developer holding member across the gap to the electrostatic latent image receiving member in accordance with the AC developing bias voltage. The waveform of the AC developing bias voltage satisfies the inequality:t.sub.A /T.ltoreq.0.4wherein t.sub.A is rise time from minimum value to maximum value, and T is the period.
Abstract:
A plasma processing apparatus includes a temperature measuring unit; airtightly sealed temperature measuring windows provided in a mounting table, for optically communicating to transmit a measurement beam through a top surface and a bottom surface of the mounting table; and one or more connection members for connecting the mounting table and a base plate, which is provided in a space between the mounting table and the base plate. In the plasma processing apparatus, a space above the mounting table is set to be maintained under a vacuum atmosphere, and a space between the mounting table and the base plate is set to be maintained under a normal pressure atmosphere, and each collimator is fixed to the base plate at a position corresponding to each temperature measuring window, thereby measuring a temperature of the substrate via the temperature measuring windows by the temperature measuring unit.
Abstract:
A wiper blade 11 linked to a wiper arm 14 has a blade rubber 16 and a rubber holder 15 with a U-shaped section, wherein the rubber holder 15 is formed shorter in axial length than the blade rubber 16 and surrounds an intermediate portion of the blade rubber 16. Both end portions in a longitudinal direction of the rubber holder 15 are provided with a pair of holding portions 31 and 32, wherein the holding portion 31 has a holding claw 33 engaged with a stopper portion 36 provided in a holding groove 35 of the blade rubber 16 and the holding portion 32 has a holding claw 37 engaged slidably with the holding groove 35 of the blade rubber 16 and the rubber holder 15 is linked to the blade rubber 16 by two position of these holding portions 31 and 32.
Abstract:
A connection member that includes right and left side walls; a shaft support portion that is swingably fitted onto a support shaft that is provided at the blade main body; upper and lower pieces that are formed so as to be continuous from the shaft support portion; and projections that come into sliding contact with inner side surfaces at the opening are formed on outer side surfaces of the right and left side walls, wherein: the shaft support portion and the upper piece are integrally formed so as to bridge the right and left side walls, the lower piece is formed so as to be separated from the right and left side walls by a groove, and outward projection amounts of the projections are larger at the lower piece than at the upper piece.
Abstract:
An assist grip for a vehicle to which a force can be easily applied from above when a passenger gets in and out of the vehicle, facilitating the movement of the passenger at that time. The assist grip includes a grip main body 4 vertically provided along a door opening of a vehicle 2. The grip main body 4 includes the grip head portion 6. The passenger can vertically apply a force to the grip head portion 6 when getting in and out of the vehicle, and thus he/she is allowed to easily get in and out of the vehicle. Moreover, a supporting member 5 is provided in the grip head portion 6 and an attachment position of the grip head is adjustable in relation to the grip main body 4, enabling the attachment position to be adjusted according to a passenger's physical size, further improving its convenience.
Abstract:
A substrate processing method uses a substrate processing apparatus including a chamber for accommodating a substrate, a lower electrode to mount the substrate, a first RF power applying unit for applying an RF power for plasma generation into the chamber, and a second RF power applying unit for applying an RF power for bias to the lower electrode. The RF power for plasma generation is controlled to be intermittently changed by changing an output of the first RF power applying unit at a predetermined timing. If no plasma state or an afterglow state exists in the chamber by a control of the first RF power applying unit, an output of the second RF power applying unit is controlled to be in an OFF state or decreased below an output of the second RF power applying unit when the output of the first RF power applying unit is a set output.
Abstract:
A developing device includes: a first-developer-holding-member facing a surface of a rotating latent image carrier, it rotating such that a moving direction thereof is opposite to that of the carrier at a portion where they face; a second-developer-holding-member provided at a downstream-side of the first-developer-holding-member in a direction in which the carrier rotates, and facing the surface of the carrier, it rotating such that a moving direction thereof is the same as that of the carrier at a portion where they face; a ratio of circumferential speeds of the first-developer-holding-member and the second-developer-holding-member being variable; a splitting member that splits a developer for the first-developer-holding-member and the second-developer-holding-member by hitting against the developer located between the first-developer-holding-member and the second-developer-holding-member; a moving unit that moves the splitting member; and a control unit that controls the moving unit to move the splitting member to vary split ratio of the developer.