摘要:
A method of determining the orientation of fibers on the surface of paper rather than measuring the orientation of fibers throughout the entire layer of paper is provided. In directing incident light Li from a projecting unit 6 to the surface 1a of the paper 1 to be measured at a given angle (.theta.i) of incidence and receiving by a receiving unit 7 the intensity of light reflected Lo by and off the surface 1a of the paper 1 at the same angle (.theta.o) of regular reflection as the angle (.theta.i) of incidence, the incident light Li containing at least the linearly polarized principal ray is allowed to be incident on the surface 1a of the paper 1, so that at least the linearly polarized principal ray can be received by the receiving unit 7 in the form of reflected light Lo, and the surface 1a of the paper 1 is inclined at an angle (.alpha.) of inclination around the line of intersection of a plane M of incidence and reflection through which the incident light Li and reflected light Lo pass with the surface 1a of the paper 1 while the paper 1 is rotated relative to the plane of incidence and reflection around the center axis of rotation defined by a line that passes through a center point 3 of the surface 1a of the paper 1 irradiated with the incident light and is vertical to the surface of the paper, whereby the fiber orientation on the surface 1a of the paper 1 can be found from the intensity of the reflected light Lo received by the receiving unit 7 corresponding to the angle of rotation of the paper 1.
摘要:
A light transmission circuit 20 is biased to one optical bistable region of its multistable characteristic by a bias light from a light source 29. The bias light is superimposed by plural control pulse lights, and the superimposed light is irradiated. If the light intensity of the bias light exceeds a predetermined turning point according to the light intensity of the control pulse light, the state of multiple quantum well layers 4 and 24 are changed. Then, the light transmission state of the light transmission circuit 20 changes. Hereby, after the control pulse light disappeared, the bias light is detected by a light-receiving device 30 in a different transmission state from the prior state. And, the transmission state returns to the original state by selecting suitable light intensities of the control pulse lights to be superimposed. Therefore the light transmission circuit 20 can be switched reversibly.
摘要:
A method of selective light detection uses an optical multi-stable device selectively exhibiting a variety of optical multi-stable characteristics for incident light wavelengths or intensities. The device includes an optically serial connection of two optical bistable elements. Each of the optical bistable elements includes a photodiode having a light absorbing layer including a quantum well structure. The photodiodes are reverse biased by respective voltage sources through respective series resistors so that an optical bistable characteristic for incident light wavelength or intensity is achieved for each photodiode. The characteristic of the second photodiode includes four stable photocurrents at respective wavelengths.
摘要:
A paper feeding device for a paper cassette of an image processing apparatus. The paper cassette is mounted at a specific position or the image processing apparatus in a manner permitting the cassette to be pulled out. A preliminary feed roller feeds the paper on the paper cassette toward a feed roller which is normally energized in a paper pressing direction. When the paper cassette is mounted in the image processing apparatus, the document setting board disposed in the paper cassette is upwardly turned by a pressing mechanism. When the paper cassette is pulled out, the feed roller from the paper cassette is turned in reverse direction. A feed channel to guide the paper from the paper cassette is formed in a curved manner, and a normally turned delivery roller is provided inside the curved channel.
摘要:
A combinatorial weighing method and apparatus for obtaining a batch of articles of a plurality of categories, each category of articles in the batch having a predetermined weight or made up of a predetermined number of articles. The method includes the steps of setting a target value for each category of articles, and supplying a plurality of weighing machines, groups of which are provided for each category of articles, with the articles of the category corresponding thereto. For each category of articles and from all combinations of the weighing machines supplied with the category of articles, a best combination is selected, whose total value (weight or number) is equal to the target value set for that category or closest to the target value within preset allowable limits. Then, the articles from those weighing machines corresponding to the best combination obtained for each category of articles is discharged, so that a batch composed of the discharged articles, is obtained.
摘要:
A source region of a MOSFET includes: a source contact region connected to a source pad; a source extension region adjacent to a channel region in a well region; and a source resistance control region arranged between the source extension region and the source contact region. The source resistance control region is different in an impurity concentration from the source extension region and the source contact region. These three regions are connected in series between the source pad and the channel region in the well region.
摘要:
In a JBS diode using a wide band gap semiconductor, the wide band gap semiconductor has a large built-in voltage, which sometimes causes difficulties for the pn diode portion to turn on, resulting in a problem that resistance to surge currents is not sufficiently ensured. In order to solve this problem, in the wide-band-gap JBS diode, a pn junction of the pn diode is formed away from the Schottky electrode, and well regions are formed so as to have a width narrowed at a portion away from the Schottky electrode.
摘要:
A magnetic field detection device including a magnetic body (magnetic flux guide) provided for adjusting a magnetic field to be applied to a magneto-resistance element. A shape of an on-substrate magnetic body in plan view is a tapered shape on one end portion side and a substantially funnel shape on another end portion side opposite the one end portion, the another end portion being larger in width than the one end portion, and a magneto-resistance element is disposed in front of an output-side end portion. In the on-substrate magnetic body, a contour of a tapered portion is not linear like a funnel, but has a curved shape in which a first curved portion protruding outward with a gentle curvature and a second curved portion protruding inward with a curvature similar to that of the first curved portion are continuously formed.
摘要:
Processes for producing cast-coated papers showing a reduced level of curling after the preparation of the cast-coated papers and reduced curling or wavy deformation caused by moisture absorption or other reasons as well as showing a high surface quality in the cast-coated surface are provided. Thus, processes for producing cast-coated papers comprising the steps of applying a coating color based on a pigment and an adhesive on one side of a base paper, and pressing/drying the coated layer in the wet state against a casting drum mirror surface, wherein moisture is added to the coated paper by passing it through air at a high temperature and a high humidity (for 20 seconds or more) after pressing/drying the coated layer against a casting drum, as well as apparatuses therefor are provided.
摘要:
Disclosed is a method for electric clamping, which performs a clamping process in parallel with a core-drawing-in process, avoiding damages of molds and core mechanisms and enabling secure clamping. The method comprises the steps of: setting a check point, for judging safety of the clamping process in advance, in a position that is nearer to the operational start position by a predetermined distance in the mold opening direction than a position of the movable mold when the core-drawing-in process is expected to be completed, wherein the core-drawing-in process and the clamping process proceed in parallel with each other in a straight course for reciprocating a movable mold; activating a core system and a servo-motor to start an operation to draw a core into a cavity in parallel with an operation to move the movable mold in the mold closing direction; detecting whether or not the movable mold reaches the check point; judging whether or not the core reaches the position in which the core is fully drawn into the cavity at a point of time at which the movable mold reaches the check point, and confirming the completion of the core-drawing-in process. Thereafter, the clamping process of the molds is further continued if confirming that the core-drawing-in process is already completed.