摘要:
The invention relates to the use of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer to analyze substance molecules which are ionized by laser desorption, particularly by matrix-assisted laser desorption (MALDI). In detail it relates to the process for improving mass resolution by the known method of delayed acceleration (sometimes called delayed extraction) of the ions, and devices for the performance of this method. The invention consists of using an optical device with gridless apertures for the acceleration of the ions and refocusing the ion beam divergence due to the lens effect of the apertures, by means of a lens arrangement in the drift region of the time-of-flight spectrometer. For laser light pulses, illumination, and observation, there are further lateral holes in the electrodes of the optical device.
摘要:
The invention relates to methods and devices for the efficient and loss-free transfer of ions in moderate vacuum from a first location (a source) to a second location (a user). The invention consists of an arrangement, reaching from the first location to the second, of five pole rods (a pentapole) to which a five-phase radio frequency (RF) voltage is applied.
摘要:
A method is disclosed for chemical ionization of the molecules of an analysis gas or analysis gas mixture or for studying ion-molecule reactions in ion traps. Specifically, by superposing a quadrupole field with a dipolar introduced frequency mixture in which there are accurately selected frequency gaps in the ionization phase of the analysis, the only ions which are stored are those which are on the selected reaction path of the reactant gas ions for making the proper reactant ions for the desired ion-molecule reaction. All the other ions are eliminated from storage by excitation of their secular oscillations. In a second phase, by switching off the dipolar introduced frequency mixture, all the ions can be stored in a wide range of mass-to-charge ratios, and therefore also the product ions of the desired ion-molecule reactions of the analysis gas. In a third phase the spectrum of the product ions is scanned.
摘要:
An improved scanning method used in an ion trap mass spectrometer comprises controlling the amplitude of the excitation RF during the mass scan to produce a smooth, nonlinear, highly suitable function. A smooth function is a function with a steady derivative. According to one embodiment of the invention, the excitation amplitude is set proportionally to the square root of the storage amplitude, thus making the excitation amplitude proportional to the root of the mass number.
摘要:
Organic samples from a liquid chromatograph are deposited on a conveyor belt which transports them into a vacuum chamber at the entry end of a mass spectrometer. The samples are ionized directly on the belt by particle bombardment or by means of a laser beam. Ionization is enhanced by applying an oxide layer to the belt, by neutralizing the image force, and by vaporizing alkali atoms on the belt to reduce the ionization potential.
摘要:
An ion cell having an axis includes a sheath of individual electrodes that extends along the axis and defines an internal volume. Adjacent individual electrodes are electrically insulated from each other. The individual electrodes each receive a DC potential and RF voltage. At least some of the individual electrodes have a width that varies in the axial direction such that an electrical effect on an axis potential varies along the axis of the ion cell.
摘要:
Charged spray droplets are guided in a pseudopotential distribution generated by audio frequency voltages at electrodes of a guiding device, focusing the spray droplets toward the axis. An axial electric field profile and an axial flow profile of a drying gas in the guiding device allow the drift of different-sized droplets to be controlled in the longitudinal direction of the guiding device, so that the droplets are roughly equal in size when they leave the guiding device and finally dry up shortly after leaving. As a result, the ions are formed in a relatively small spatial region. Electrostatic potentials guide the analyte ions from this small spatial region to the entrance aperture of the inlet capillary; during this process, very light ions, especially protons and water-proton complexes, can be filtered out by a mobility filter.
摘要:
In an ion mobility spectrometer in which a gas pushes ions along a spectrometer axis against and over an electrical field barrier, the electric field barrier is generated with a plateau of slightly increasing height along the axis of the spectrometer. Alternately, the electric filed barrier may have a plateau with constant height, but the gas flow decreases in velocity along the axis of the spectrometer in the vicinity of the plateau.
摘要:
A supersonic gas jet having gas molecules with substantially equal velocities is formed by directing the gas through a Laval nozzle into an evacuated chamber. A field barrier having a substantially constant height across a cross-section of the supersonic gas jet is formed by respectively applying potentials U2, U3 and U4 to an arrangement of three apertured diaphragms R2, R3 and R4, which are respectively separated by distances d2 and d3, where (U4−U3)/(U3−U2)=d3/d2. The ions in the supersonic gas jet are directed against the field barrier, where ions with a mobility below a mobility threshold are pushed over the field barrier, and where ions with a mobility higher than the mobility threshold are held back by the field barrier.
摘要:
Gaseous analyte molecules are ionized at atmospheric pressure and provided to an inlet capillary of an ion spectrometer vacuum system by passing the ions through a reaction tube that ends in a conical intermediate piece for a gastight and smooth transition into the inlet capillary. The reaction tube is shaped so that the atmospheric pressure gas stream passing therethrough form the entrance of the tune to the intermediate piece is stably laminar. Analyte molecules from gas chromatographs, spray devices or vaporization devices can be introduced into the entrance of the reaction tube and ionized within the tube by single- or multi-photon ionization, by chemical ionization, by reactant ions or by physical ionization. For single- or multi-photon ionization, a beam from a laser can be passed axially down the reaction tube. Reactant ions can be produced by any means outside of the reaction tube and mixed with the analyte molecules within the tube.