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    Plant for thermal waste disposal and process for operating such a plant
    54.
    发明授权
    Plant for thermal waste disposal and process for operating such a plant 失效
    用于热处理废物的处理和运行这样的工厂的过程

    公开(公告)号：US5669317A

    公开(公告)日：1997-09-23

    申请号：US603936

    申请日：1996-02-20

    Applicant: Karl May ,  Herbert Tratz ,  Reiner Engelhardt

    Inventor： Karl May ,  Herbert Tratz ,  Reiner Engelhardt

    IPC: F23G5/027 ,  C10B1/10 ,  C10B47/30 ,  C10B49/02 ,  C10B51/00 ,  C10B53/00 ,  C10B57/10 ,  F23G5/20 ,  F27B7/34 ,  F23G5/12

    CPC classification number: F23G5/0273 ,  C10B1/10 ,  C10B47/30 ,  C10B49/02 ,  C10B51/00 ,  C10B53/00 ,  F23G5/16 ,  F23G5/20 ,  F23G2201/303 ,  F23G2201/304 ,  Y02E20/12 ,  Y02P20/129

    Abstract: A plant for thermal waste disposal includes a pyrolysis reactor having a first heating device for indirectly heating the waste and a second heating device for directly heating the waste within the pyrolysis reactor. The pyrolysis reactor converts the waste into low-temperature carbonization gas and solid pyrolysis residue. The low-temperature carbonization gas and the solid pyrolysis residue, possibly after passing through a treatment device, are fed to a high-temperature reactor for combustion. The first heating device ensures a basal heating of the waste in the pyrolysis reactor. A separate fuel or waste heat from the flue gas of the high-temperature reactor can serve the purpose of ensuring the basal heating. Supplementary heating is provided as required with the aid of the second heating device by providing an air feed into the interior of the pyrolysis reactor. A process is also provided for operating the plant for thermal waste disposal.

    Abstract translation: 用于热废物处理的设备包括具有用于间接加热废物的第一加热装置的热解反应器和用于直接加热热解反应器内的废物的第二加热装置。 热解反应器将废物转化为低温碳化气体和固体热解残渣。 可能在通过处理装置之后，将低温碳化气体和固体热解残渣送入高温反应器进行燃烧。 第一加热装置确保热解反应器中的废物的基础加热。 来自高温反应器的烟气的单独的燃料或废热可以用于确保基础加热。 借助于第二加热装置，通过提供进入热解反应器内部的空气进料来提供辅助加热。 还提供了用于操作用于热处理废物的设备的过程。

    Fluidized bed reactor and system and method utilizing same
    57.
    发明授权
    Fluidized bed reactor and system and method utilizing same 失效
    流化床反应器及其使用方法及方法

    公开(公告)号：US5365889A

    公开(公告)日：1994-11-22

    申请号：US976024

    申请日：1992-11-13

    Applicant: John T. Tang

    Inventor： John T. Tang

    IPC: F23G5/027 ,  F23G5/30 ,  F23G5/46 ,  F23D19/00 ,  F23G5/00

    CPC classification number: F23G5/46 ,  F23G5/027 ,  F23G5/30 ,  F23G2201/303 ,  F23G2201/304 ,  F23G2202/103 ,  F23G2203/503

    Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor and system and method utilizing same for the combustion of waste fuels in which the reactor vessel is divided into three vessels. Waste fuel is introduced into the fluidized bed within one vessel where it is mixed with bed make-up material that is controlled to provide an ideal environment for the generation of pyrolytic gases. The fluidized bed material is pneumatically and gravitationally conveyed downwardly, and injected into a fluidized bed within the second vessel where the involatile organic material undergoes combustion in an oxidizing atmosphere. The bed material in the second vessel is pneumatically conveyed upwardly and divided into two portions, one of which is recycled back to the first vessel. The other portion of the bed material in the second vessel is circulated to a fluidized bed within the third vessel where heat is recovered. The bed material in the heat recovery vessel is gravitationally conveyed back to the second vessel to regulate the temperature in the latter vessel.

    Abstract translation: 一种流化床反应器及其利用废物燃料燃烧的系统和方法，其中反应器容器被分成三个容器。 将废燃料引入一个容器内的流化床中，在其中与被控制的床构成材料混合以提供用于产生热解气体的理想环境。 流化床材料被气动重力地向下输送，并注入第二容器内的流化床，其中非挥发性有机材料在氧化气氛中经历燃烧。 第二容器中的床料被气动地向上输送并分成两部分，其中一个被再循环回到第一容器。 第二容器中的床材料的另一部分循环到第三容器内的回收热量的流化床。 热回收容器中的床料被重力输送回第二容器以调节后者容器中的温度。

    Method and plant for thermal waste disposal
    58.
    发明授权
    Method and plant for thermal waste disposal 失效
    热废物处理方法和设备

    公开(公告)号：US4878440A

    公开(公告)日：1989-11-07

    申请号：US200646

    申请日：1988-05-31

    Applicant: Herbert Tratz ,  Klaus Riedle ,  Georg Loesel

    Inventor： Herbert Tratz ,  Klaus Riedle ,  Georg Loesel

    IPC: F23G5/027 ,  C10B47/30 ,  C10B53/00 ,  F23G5/00 ,  F23G7/00

    CPC classification number: F23G5/006 ,  C10B47/30 ,  C10B53/00 ,  F23G2201/302 ,  F23G2201/303 ,  F23G2201/304 ,  F23G2202/20 ,  Y02E20/12 ,  Y02P20/129

    Abstract: A plant for thermal waste disposal includes a pyrolysis reactor converting waste into carbonization gas and substantially non-volatile pyrolysis residue and a discharge device connected to the pyrolysis reactor. A combustion chamber operated with an oxygen excess is connected to a carbonization gas discharge fitting of the discharge device for receiving the carbonization gas. A residue sorting device is connected to the pyrolysis residue outlet of the discharge device for sorting out coarser coarse components substantially including non-combustible ingredients such as rocks, glass shards, broken porcelain, and metal parts, from combustible finer coarse components. A transport device connected to the residue sorting device transports the finer coarse components. A grinding apparatus has an inlet side connected to the transport device and a discharge side for feeding the finer coarse components to the combustion chamber after grinding. The combustion chamber maintains combustion gases produced from delivered combustible material for a sufficiently long time at a sufficient temperature level to produce molten slag. The combustion chamber has an outlet for removing the molten slag which is cooled into a glassified form downstream of the outlet of the combustion chamber. A flue gas line leads from the combustion chamber to a chimney.

    Abstract translation: 用于热废物处理的设备包括将废物转化为碳化气体和基本上不挥发性热解残渣的热解反应器和连接到热解反应器的排放装置。 用氧过剩操作的燃烧室连接到用于接收碳化气体的排放装置的碳化气体排出配件。 残渣分选装置连接到排放装置的热解残渣出口，用于从可燃的较粗糙的组分中分选出基本上包括不可燃成分（例如岩石，玻璃碎片，破碎的瓷器和金属部件）的较粗糙的组分。 连接到残渣分选装置的输送装置输送较细的粗分量。 研磨装置具有连接到输送装置的入口侧和用于在研磨之后将更细的粗组分供给到燃烧室的排出侧。 燃烧室在足够的温度水平下将由输送的可燃材料产生的燃烧气体保持足够长的时间以产生熔融炉渣。 燃烧室具有用于除去熔融炉渣的出口，该熔渣在燃烧室出口的下游被冷却成玻璃化形式。 烟气管线从燃烧室引导到烟囱。

    Multifuel bubbling bed fluidized bed combustor system
    59.
    发明授权
    Multifuel bubbling bed fluidized bed combustor system 失效
    多燃料鼓泡床流化床燃烧器系统

    公开(公告)号：US4823712A

    公开(公告)日：1989-04-25

    申请号：US193152

    申请日：1988-05-05

    Applicant: Alex F. Wormer

    Inventor： Alex F. Wormer

    IPC: C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/56 ,  F01K23/06 ,  F23C6/04 ,  F23C10/00 ,  F23C10/18 ,  F23G5/027 ,  F23G5/04 ,  F23G7/00

    CPC classification number: C10J3/56 ,  C10J3/482 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/721 ,  C10J3/723 ,  C10K1/022 ,  F01K23/067 ,  F23C10/005 ,  F23C10/18 ,  F23C6/04 ,  F23G5/027 ,  F23G5/04 ,  C10J2200/152 ,  C10J2200/158 ,  C10J2300/0996 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  F05C2201/023 ,  F23G2201/303 ,  F23G2201/304 ,  Y02E20/16 ,  Y02E20/18

    Abstract: In order to be able to handle multiple fuels in a bubbling-bed fluidized bed combustor, a number of elements are combined together and a number of systems are described which utilize these elements in order to be able to appropriately process different types of fuels. With respect to the handling of multiple fuels by a bubbling-bed fluidized bed combustor which need not be reconfigured for each type of fuel, the combustor in the subject invention is provided with a closely-coupled pyrolyzer or gasifier. The close-coupled pyrolyzer not only permits the processing of virtually any type of fuel into two fuel streams which are immediately usable by the combustor but also has certain advantages in terms of reducing environmental pollutants. The above-mentioned close-coupled pyrolyzer also results in improved performance aside from the pollution aspects mentioned above. The close coupling of the pyrolyzer to the fluidized bed combustor also allows fluid bed combustion systems to be built in larger capacity than heretofore possible. In one aspect of the subject invention, the close-coupled pyrolyzer permits the production of higher temperature flue gases than would be done with a fluidized bed combustor without the pyrolyzer. The subject invention also allows the use of high-moisture fuels and avoids the efficiency loss, output loss and the increased boiler size that is normally associated with those fuels. The above advantages of the close-coupled pyrolyzer are improved by the provision of some specially designed auxiliary apparatus, such as a specialized deep-bed pyrolyzer, a specialized screw feeding system and the utilization of under-the-bed cooling tubes in a fluidized bed combustor. The above has detailed the building blocks useful in numerous types of systems, three of which will be described hereinafter; namely, a system for processing refuse-derived fuels, a system for processing hazardous fuels and combined-cycle gas.

    Abstract translation: 为了能够在起泡床流化床燃烧器中处理多种燃料，将许多元件组合在一起，并且描述了利用这些元件以便能够适当地处理不同类型的燃料的多个系统。 关于通过不需要为每种类型的燃料重新配置的鼓泡床流化床燃烧器处理多种燃料，本发明的燃烧器设置有紧密耦合的热解器或气化器。 紧耦合的热解器不仅允许将几乎任何类型的燃料加工成两个燃料流，这两个燃料流可被燃烧器立即使用，而且在减少环境污染物方面也具有某些优点。 上述紧耦合式热解器除了上述的污染方面外，还能够提高性能。 热解器与流化床燃烧器的紧密耦合还允许流化床燃烧系统以比以前更大的容量建造。 在本发明的一个方面，紧密耦合的热解器允许生产比不用热解器的流化床燃烧器所做的更高温度的烟道气。 本发明还允许使用高水分燃料，并避免通常与这些燃料相关联的效率损失，输出损失和增加的锅炉尺寸。 通过提供一些特别设计的辅助设备，例如专门的深床热解器，专用的螺旋进料系统和在流化床中使用床下冷却管，可以改善紧密耦合的热解器的上述优点 燃烧器。 以上详细描述了在许多类型系统中有用的构建块，其中三个将在下文中描述; 即用于处理垃圾衍生燃料的系统，用于处理危险燃料和联合循环气体的系统。

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