公开(公告)号：US20060171786A1

公开(公告)日：2006-08-03

申请号：US10535379

申请日：2003-11-03

Applicant: James Delves ,  David Parkinson

Inventor： James Delves ,  David Parkinson

IPC: B65G53/40

CPC classification number: G21F9/304 ,  B08B9/0933 ,  B65G33/30

Abstract: Apparatus for transferring settled or suspended solids from an open vessel into a closed vessel, the apparatus comprising a suction line which extends from the closed vessel to the open vessel via drive means, such as a pump or compressor, and a solids feed line which extends from a solids outlet in the open vessel to a solids inlet in the closed vessel, a fluidising apparatus being provided to fluidise the solids in the open vessel.

Abstract translation: 用于将沉积的或悬浮固体从开放容器转移到密闭容器中的装置，该装置包括通过驱动装置（例如泵或压缩机）从密封容器延伸到开放容器的吸入管线，以及延伸的固体进料管线 从开放容器中的固体出口到密封容器中的固体入口，提供流化装置以使开放容器中的固体流体化。

公开(公告)号：US20060009671A9

公开(公告)日：2006-01-12

申请号：US10972068

申请日：2004-10-22

Applicant: John Mason ,  Thomas Oliver

Inventor： John Mason ,  Thomas Oliver

IPC: B09B3/00 ,  C03B5/00 ,  C03B5/027 ,  C02F11/00 ,  A62D3/00 ,  C04B18/02

CPC classification number: A62D3/36 ,  A62D3/33 ,  A62D3/40 ,  A62D2101/20 ,  A62D2101/22 ,  A62D2101/41 ,  A62D2101/43 ,  A62D2101/45 ,  A62D2101/47 ,  A62D2101/49 ,  A62D2203/04 ,  B01D53/56 ,  B01D53/565 ,  B01D53/75 ,  B01D53/8625 ,  B09B3/00 ,  B09B3/0025 ,  B09B3/0066 ,  B09B3/0083 ,  C02F1/70 ,  C02F1/725 ,  C02F11/008 ,  C02F2101/16 ,  C04B28/008 ,  C10B47/46 ,  F23G5/006 ,  F23G5/0276 ,  F23G2201/301 ,  F23G2209/18 ,  F23G2900/50205 ,  F23G2900/54401 ,  F23J2217/10 ,  F23J2219/10 ,  F23J2219/60 ,  G21F9/301 ,  G21F9/302 ,  G21F9/304 ,  Y02P40/165 ,  Y02W30/91 ,  C04B14/022 ,  C04B14/10 ,  C04B14/36 ,  C04B14/405 ,  C04B18/0463 ,  C04B22/062 ,  C04B22/085 ,  C04B24/00 ,  C04B24/02 ,  C04B24/04 ,  C04B24/10 ,  C04B40/0263

Abstract: A method of waste stabilization by mineralization of waste material in situ in a treatment container suitable or treatment, transit, storage and disposal. The waste material may be mixed with mineralizing additives and, optionally, reducing additives, in the treatment container or in a separate mixing vessel. The mixture is then subjected to heat in the treatment container to heat-activate mineralization of the mixture and form a stable, mineralized, monolithic solid. This stabilized mass may then be transported in the same treatment container for storage and disposal.

公开(公告)号：US06635796B2

公开(公告)日：2003-10-21

申请号：US09902533

申请日：2001-07-09

Applicant: Dhiraj Pal ,  Karl W. Yost ,  Steven A. Chisick

Inventor： Dhiraj Pal ,  Karl W. Yost ,  Steven A. Chisick

IPC: G21F900

CPC classification number: G21F9/304 ,  B09B3/0041 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C02F11/008 ,  C02F2101/006 ,  C02F2101/20 ,  C04B28/34 ,  C04B28/342 ,  C04B28/344 ,  C04B28/346 ,  C04B2111/00767 ,  G21F9/302 ,  Y02W30/91 ,  C04B14/041 ,  C04B18/0472

Abstract: A process for chemical fixation of radionuclides and radioactive compounds present in soils, solid materials, sludges and liquids. Radionuclides and other radioactive compounds are converted to low-temperature Apatite-Group structural isomorphs (general composition: (AB)5(XO4)3Z), usually phosphatic, that are insoluble, non-leachable, non-zeolitic, and pH stable by contacting with a suspension containing a sulfate, hydroxide, chloride, fluoride and/or silicate source and a phosphate anion. The Apatitic-structure end product is chemically altered from the initial material and reduced in volume and mass. The end product can be void of free liquids and exhibits sufficiently high levels of thermal stability to be effective in the presence of heat generating nuclear reactions. The process occurs at ambient temperature and pressure.

公开(公告)号：US06436025B1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-20

申请号：US09531180

申请日：2000-03-21

Applicant: Ching-Tsuen Huang ,  Jiing-Guang Tyen ,  Da-Luh Lu ,  Tzeng-Ming Liu ,  Tsye-Shing Lee

Inventor： Ching-Tsuen Huang ,  Jiing-Guang Tyen ,  Da-Luh Lu ,  Tzeng-Ming Liu ,  Tsye-Shing Lee

IPC: G21F920

CPC classification number: G21F9/165 ,  C04B28/08 ,  C04B2111/00767 ,  G21F9/304 ,  Y02W30/91 ,  Y02W30/92 ,  C04B14/366 ,  C04B18/0463 ,  C04B18/08 ,  C04B22/062

Abstract: This invention discloses a method for the co-solidification of low-level radioactive wet wastes of BWR nuclear power plants, including concentrate waste, spent ion exchange resins and sludge wastes etc., with very high volume efficiency. In this invention, for promoting the stability of the solidified waste, sodium sulfate in the concentrate solution is converted to sodium hydroxide and barium sulfate by reacting with barium hydroxide. The conversion product barium sulfate possessing high density and stability is insoluble and used as a fine aggregate material in the solidified waste. Sodium hydroxide is used to stabilize ion exchange resins and to form a highly water-durable solidified waste form with silicates and phosphates in the solidification agent mixture. The solidification agent used in this invention is a formulated powder mixture completely made from inorganic materials. Therefore, there is no aging problem of the solidified waste. In this invention, the waste loading of the solidified waste is highly increased due to the conversion of sodium sulfate and the co-solidification of wastes. Thus, the solidification volume efficiency of the present invention is about three times of the solidification of the waste separately.

Abstract translation: 本发明公开了一种具有非常高的体积效率的BWR核电站低浓度放射性湿废料，包括浓缩废物，废离子交换树脂和污泥废物等的共凝固方法。 在本发明中，为了促进固化废物的稳定性，浓缩液中的硫酸钠与氢氧化钡反应而转化为氢氧化钠和硫酸钡。 具有高密度和稳定性的转化产物硫酸钡是不溶的，并用作固化废物中的细骨料。 氢氧化钠用于稳定离子交换树脂，并在凝固剂混合物中形成具有硅酸盐和磷酸盐的高度耐水的固化废物形式。 用于本发明的凝固剂是由无机材料完全制成的配制的粉末混合物。 因此，固化废物没有老化问题。 在本发明中，由于硫酸钠的转化和废物的共凝固，固化废物的废物负荷高度增加。 因此，本发明的凝固体积效率分别为废弃物固化的约三倍。

公开(公告)号：US06399848B1

公开(公告)日：2002-06-04

申请号：US09424676

申请日：2000-02-15

Applicant: Dino Rechichi

Inventor： Dino Rechichi

IPC: G21F916

CPC classification number: A62D3/33 ,  A62D3/00 ,  A62D2101/43 ,  B09B3/0041 ,  C04B28/105 ,  C04B28/30 ,  G21F9/304 ,  Y02W30/91 ,  C04B14/28 ,  C04B18/0463 ,  C04B22/08 ,  C04B22/142 ,  C04B24/04

Abstract: A method of encapsulating hazardous waste materials including heavy metals such as arsenic, mercury, nickel and chromium residues, as well as radioactive materials. The method involves adding the hazardous waste material to a settable composition, forming a slurry, and allowing the slurry to set to encapsulate the waste material. The settable composition is a powdered flowable cement composition containing calcium carbonate and a caustic magnesium oxide. Tests conducted on the encapsulated material indicate that virtually none of the hazardous waste material is leached out of the set composition which has a concrete-like appearance.

Abstract translation: 包括危险废物的方法，包括砷，汞，镍和铬残留物等重金属以及放射性物质。 该方法包括将有害废料添加到可固化的组合物中，形成浆料，并允许浆料固化以包封废料。 可固化组合物是含有碳酸钙和苛性氧化镁的粉末状可流动的水泥组合物。 在封装材料上进行的试验表明，几乎没有一种有害废料从具有混凝土样外观的组合物中浸出。

公开(公告)号：US06258018B1

公开(公告)日：2001-07-10

申请号：US09340898

申请日：1999-06-28

Applicant: Dhiraj Pal ,  Karl W. Yost ,  Steven A. Chisick

Inventor： Dhiraj Pal ,  Karl W. Yost ,  Steven A. Chisick

IPC: A62D300

CPC classification number: G21F9/304 ,  B09B3/0041 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C02F11/008 ,  C02F2101/006 ,  C02F2101/20 ,  C04B18/0472 ,  C04B28/04 ,  C04B28/10 ,  C04B28/14 ,  C04B28/34 ,  C04B2111/00767 ,  E02D3/00 ,  G21F9/302 ,  Y02W30/58 ,  Y02W30/91 ,  C04B22/165 ,  C04B22/143

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of treating heavy metal bearing process materials and heavy metal toxic hazardous wastes. The invention relates to treatment methods employed to chemically convert leachable heavy metals in heavy metal bearing solid and/or liquid waste materials to a non-leachable form by contacting or mixing the material with a chemical suspension which includes a first component which supplies sulphates, halides, halites, silicates or calcium oxide and a second component which supplies a phosphate anion. The solid and liquid waste materials include contaminated sludges, slurries, soils, wastewaters, spent carbon, sand, wire chips, plastic fluff, cracked battery casings, bird and buck shots and construction debris. The present invention discloses a process comprising a single step contacting of a hazardous waste with a two or three component chemical suspension. The present invention provides a new way of treating a universe of heavy metal contaminated materials at any pH.

Abstract translation: 本发明公开了一种处理重金属负载工艺材料和重金属有毒有害废物的方法。 本发明涉及用于将含重金属的固体和/或液体废物中的可浸出重金属化学转化成不可浸出形式的处理方法，其通过使材料与化学悬浮液接触或混合，所述化学悬浮液包括提供硫酸盐，卤化物的第一组分 卤石，硅酸盐或氧化钙，以及提供磷酸盐阴离子的第二组分。 固体和液体废物包括污染的污泥，泥浆，土壤，废水，废碳，沙子，线芯片，塑料绒毛，破裂的电池外壳，鸟和屁股和建筑垃圾。 本发明公开了一种方法，其包括危险废物与两种或三种组分化学悬浮液的单步接触。 本发明提供了在任何pH下处理重金属污染物质的全新方法。

公开(公告)号：US6075176A

公开(公告)日：2000-06-13

申请号：US131020

申请日：1998-08-07

Applicant: Albert S. Aloy ,  Elena N. Kovarskaya ,  Tatiana I. Koltsova ,  Yevgeny Macheret ,  Pavel G. Medvedev ,  Terry Todd

Inventor： Albert S. Aloy ,  Elena N. Kovarskaya ,  Tatiana I. Koltsova ,  Yevgeny Macheret ,  Pavel G. Medvedev ,  Terry Todd

IPC: G21F9/16 ,  C04B14/30 ,  C04B28/34 ,  G21F9/30 ,  G21F9/34

CPC classification number: C04B28/342 ,  C04B14/308 ,  C04B28/34 ,  G21F9/302 ,  G21F9/304 ,  Y02W30/91 ,  Y02W30/92

Abstract: A method of immobilizing mixed low-level waste is provided which uses low cost materials and has a relatively long hardening period. The method includes: forming a mixture of iron oxide powders having ratios, in mass %, of FeO:Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 :Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4 equal to 25-40:40-10:35-50, or weighing a definite amount of magnetite powder. Metallurgical cinder can also be used as the source of iron oxides. A solution of the orthophosphoric acid, or a solution of the orthophosphoric acid and ferric oxide, is formed and a powder phase of low-level waste and the mixture of iron oxide powders or cinder (or magnetite powder) is also formed. The acid solution is mixed with the powder phase to form a slurry with the ratio of components (mass %) of waste:iron oxide powders or magnetite:acid solution=30-60:15-10:55-30. The slurry is blended to form a homogeneous mixture which is cured at room temperature to form the final product.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种固定混合低级废物的方法，其使用低成本材料并具有较长的硬化时间。 该方法包括：以FeO:Fe2O3:Fe3O4的质量％计，等于25-40：40-10：35-50的铁氧化物粉末的混合物，或称重一定量的磁铁矿粉末。 冶金渣还可用作氧化铁的来源。 形成正磷酸或正磷酸和氧化铁的溶液，还形成低水平废物的粉末相和氧化铁粉末或铁渣（或磁铁矿粉末）的混合物。 将酸溶液与粉末相混合以形成废弃物组分（质量％）与氧化铁粉末或磁铁矿酸度溶液的比例（质量％）= 30-60：15-10：55-30的浆料。 将浆料混合以形成在室温下固化以形成最终产物的均匀混合物。

公开(公告)号：US5732367A

公开(公告)日：1998-03-24

申请号：US663692

申请日：1996-06-14

Applicant: Karl W. Yost ,  Steven A. Chisick

Inventor： Karl W. Yost ,  Steven A. Chisick

IPC: A62D3/00 ,  A62D3/33 ,  A62D101/24 ,  A62D101/43 ,  B09B3/00 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C02F11/00 ,  C04B28/34 ,  G21F9/30 ,  G21F9/00

CPC classification number: G21F9/304 ,  A62D3/33 ,  B09B3/0041 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C02F11/008 ,  C04B18/0472 ,  C04B28/04 ,  C04B28/10 ,  C04B28/14 ,  C04B28/34 ,  G21F9/302 ,  A62D2101/24 ,  A62D2101/43 ,  C02F2101/006 ,  C02F2101/20 ,  C04B2111/00767 ,  Y02W30/58 ,  Y02W30/91

Abstract: A process for chemical fixation of radionuclides and radioactive compounds present in soils and solid materials. Radionuclides and other radioactive compounds are converted to low-temperature Apatite-Group structural isomorphs (general composition: (AB).sub.5 (XO.sub.4).sub.3 Z), usually phosphatic, that are insoluble, non-leachable, non-zeolitic, and pH stable by contacting with a sulfate, hydroxide, chloride, fluoride and/or silicate source and with a phosphate anion in either a one or two step process. In the preferred embodiment, soils or contaminated materials containing radionuclides and radioactive wastes are contacted with technical grade phosphoric acid (TGPA) which contains sulfates as an impurity. The Apatitic-structure end product is chemically altered from the initial material and reduced in volume and mass. The end product can be void of free liquids and exhibits sufficiently high levels of thermal stability to be effective in the presence of heat generating nuclear reactions. The process occurs at ambient temperature and pressure.

Abstract translation: 化学固定放射性核素和放射性化合物存在于土壤和固体材料中的过程。 放射性核素和其他放射性化合物转化成低温磷灰石组结构同晶（通常组成：（AB）5（XO4）3Z），通常是磷酸盐，它们是不溶性，不可浸出，非沸石和pH稳定的 在一步或两步过程中与硫酸盐，氢氧化物，氯化物，氟化物和/或硅酸盐源和磷酸盐阴离子接触。 在优选实施例中，含有放射性核素和放射性废物的污物或污染物质与含有硫酸盐的杂质的工业级磷酸（TGPA）接触。 磷灰石结构最终产品从初始材料化学改变，体积和质量减小。 最终产品可以没有游离液体，并且表现出足够高的热稳定性水平，以便在发生热反应的情况下有效。 该过程发生在环境温度和压力下。

公开(公告)号：US5707592A

公开(公告)日：1998-01-13

申请号：US538502

申请日：1995-09-29

Applicant: Edward Someus

Inventor： Edward Someus

IPC: G21F9/30 ,  G21F9/32 ,  G21C1/00 ,  C10B1/06 ,  C10B21/00

CPC classification number: G21F9/32 ,  G21F9/301 ,  G21F9/304

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the treatment of waste materials including nuclear contaminated materials is disclosed. The method of the invention includes the steps of: grinding the base material until the maximum grain size is 50 millimeters; drying the ground material to a relative humidity content below 30%; distilling the material at a core temperature of 100.degree.-1200.degree. C. on a negative pressure from 200 N/m.sup.2 to an over pressure of 300 kN/m.sup.2 in an oxygen free, reducing, indirect heated environment; burning or cooling the vapors arising; treating the remaining solid materials by combustion, mineralization, vitrification, or solidification; and pelletizing or granulating the remaining ash. The apparatus of the invention includes a dry distillation reactor that has a rotary, closed, horizontally arranged cylinder with hollow axes on the ends. The axes are separated from input and output houses by seals. The input house is provided with a loading opening and a gas exit branch. The output house is provided with an unloading opening and a gas exit branch. The ends are sealed by sealing segments placed on the axes and sealing rings placed between the sealing segments and the walls of the input and output house.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于处理包括核污染材料在内的废料的方法和设备。 本发明的方法包括以下步骤：研磨基材直到最大粒度为50毫米; 将研磨材料干燥至相对湿度含量低于30％; 在无氧，还原，间接加热环境下，在200〜1200℃的核心温度下，在200N / m 2的负压下至300kN / m 2的过压蒸馏该材料。 燃烧或冷却蒸汽产生; 通过燃烧，矿化，玻璃化或固化来处理剩余的固体物质; 并造粒或造粒剩余的灰分。 本发明的装置包括一个干馏反应器，该反应器具有旋转的，封闭的水平排列的气缸，其端部具有空心轴。 轴通过密封与输入和输出的房屋分开。 输入室设有装载开口和气体出口分支。 输出室设有卸载开口和排气口。 端部通过放置在轴线上的密封段和放置在密封段和输入和输出室的壁之间的密封环密封。

公开(公告)号：US5527982A

公开(公告)日：1996-06-18

申请号：US31461

申请日：1993-03-15

Applicant: Dhiraj Pal ,  Karl W. Yost

Inventor： Dhiraj Pal ,  Karl W. Yost

IPC: A62D3/00 ,  A62D3/33 ,  A62D101/24 ,  A62D101/43 ,  B09B3/00 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C02F11/00 ,  C04B28/34 ,  G21F9/30 ,  E02D3/00

CPC classification number: A62D3/33 ,  B09B3/0041 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C02F11/008 ,  C04B28/34 ,  G21F9/302 ,  G21F9/304 ,  A62D2101/24 ,  A62D2101/43 ,  C02F2101/006 ,  C02F2101/20 ,  Y02W30/91

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of treating lead bearing process materials and lead toxic hazardous wastes. The invention relates to treatment methods employed to chemically convert leachable lead in lead bearing solid and liquid waste materials to a non-leachable form by mixing the material with lime, gypsum and/or phosphoric acid. The solid and liquid waste materials include contaminated sludges, slurries, soils, wastewaters, spent carbon, sand, wire chips, plastic fluff, cracked battery casings, bird and buck shots and tetraethyl lead contaminated organic peat and muck. The present invention discloses a process comprising a single step mixing of one or more treatment additives, and a process comprising a two step mixing wherein the sequence of performing the steps may be reversible. The present invention provides a new way of treating a universe of lead contaminated materials at any pH.