Abstract:
The present invention provides a novel method for treating soil-contaminated water, the method using a photocatalytic material capable of efficiently removing, by light irradiation alone, volatile organic compounds and heavy metals that give rise to soil contamination. The present invention provides a method for treating soil-contaminated water that detoxifies volatile organic compounds contained in soil-contaminated water using a photocatalytic material, the method being characterized by including the steps of (1) subjecting the soil-contaminated water to a gas-liquid separation to obtain a gas phase, and (2) decomposing the volatile organic compounds contained in the gas phase obtained in step (1) using the photocatalytic material. The present invention further provides a method for treating soil-contaminated water using a photocatalytic material to remove heavy metals contained in the soil-contaminated water, the method being characterized, by including the steps of (1) subjecting the soil-contaminated water to a gas-liquid separation to obtain a liquid phase, and (2) removing the heavy metals contained in the liquid phase obtained in step (1) using the photocatalytic material.
Abstract:
Devices are provided comprising one or more insulated hollow vertical pipes inserted into a bed of soil, each pipe having a descending and an ascending conductive element forming a loop within the interior of the pipe. A plurality of such vertical pipes can be attached to a straight pipe, forming a two dimensional array of vertical pipes, in which the loops are connected in series. Further, a series of such one-dimensional straight pipes can be attached together to provide a two-dimensional array. When vertical pipes are inserted into the bed of soil and an electrical current applied to the array, one or more magnetic fields is produced within the bed and parallel to the surface of the bed. The magnetic fields so produced impede downward flow of ionic fertilizers into the ground water, and retaining the fertilizer near growing plants when the bed is irrigated.
Abstract:
An air stripper apparatus is disclosed which incorporates a plurality of trays that are removably supported within a cabinet. A plurality of downcomers are also fixedly disposed within the cabinet, rather than on the trays. Removing the downcomer from each tray enables a simpler, lighter and easier to clean tray to be constructed.
Abstract:
Cysteine synthase enzymes (e.g. O-Acetyl-L-Serine Sulfhydrylase enzymes) may be used in combination with sulfide quinone reductase enzymes in additive compositions, fluid compositions, and methods for decreasing or removing hydrogen sulfide from recovered downhole fluids and/or the subterranean reservoir wellbore from which the downhole fluid was recovered. The fluid composition may include at least one cysteine synthase enzyme with at least one sulfide quinone reductase, and a base fluid, such as a water-based fluid, an organic-based fluid, and combinations thereof.
Abstract:
This invention relates to treated geothermal brine compositions containing reduced concentrations of silica, iron, and potassium compared to the untreated brines. Exemplary compositions of the treated brine contain a concentration of silica ranging from about 0 mg/kg to about 15 mg/kg, a concentration of iron ranging from about 0 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg, and a concentration of potassium ranging from about 300 mg/kg to about 8500 mg/kg. Other exemplary compositions of the treated brines also contain reduced concentrations of elements like rubidium, cesium, and lithium.
Abstract:
A fluid vapor distillation system. The system includes a control system for controlling a fluid vapor distillation apparatus including a blow down controller for controlling a blow down valve, a source flow controller for controlling a source flow valve, and a blow down level sensor in communication with a blow down controller and a source flow controller, the blow down level sensor sends signals related to the blow down level to the blow down controller and the source flow controller indicative of the blow down level, wherein the source flow controller actuates the source flow valve based at least on the blow down level sensor signals, and wherein the blow down controller actuates the blow down valve based at least on the blow down level sensor signals, whereby the blow down level and the source flow level are maintained using the blow down level sensor signals as input.
Abstract:
Water treatment apparatus includes raw water special air mixing nozzles (7); filtering tank (5) housing filter layer (4) including two layers of upper layer (2) and lower layer (3), the upper layer including a filter medium with a smaller specific gravity and a larger particle size than a filter medium of the lower layer; a water collection pipe (13) removing filtered water and supplying reverse cleaning water to the filter layer during reverse cleaning; drainage trough (12); and upper layer cleaning apparatus (10), in which the upper layer cleaning apparatus includes upper layer cleaning pipe support member (17), upper layer cleaning water pipe (18), surface-cleaning special air mixing nozzles (19), air suction pipe (20), and horizontal air pipes (31 and 32) and the raw water special air mixing nozzles (7) are attached to raw water inflow tank (70) provided on a part of the drainage trough (12).
Abstract:
Systems and methods for generating reactive oxygen species formulations useful in various oxidation applications. Exemplary formulations include singlet oxygen or superoxide and can also contain hydroxyl radicals or hydroperoxy radicals, among others. Formulations can contain other reactive species, including other radicals. Exemplary formulations containing peracids are activated to generate singlet oxygen. Exemplary formulations include those containing a mixture of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Exemplary formulations include those in which one or more components of the formulation are generated electrochemically. Formulations of the invention containing reactive oxygen species can be further activated to generate reactive oxygen species using activation chosen from a Fenton or Fenton-like catalyst, ultrasound, ultraviolet radiation or thermal activation. Exemplary applications of the formulations of the invention among others include: cleaning in place applications, water treatment, soil decontamination and flushing of well casings and water distribution pipes.
Abstract:
Provided in one embodiment is a method of treating a source water, comprising: providing a source water containing an amount of silicon-containing molecules; and exposing the source water to a plurality of organisms, whereby the amount is reduced after the exposure.
Abstract:
A method and system for the reduction of contamination in soil and groundwater is provided. Cyclic oligosaccharides can be used, for example, to carry oxidants, carry activators, solubilize organic contaminants and promote biodegradation.