公开(公告)号：US08537366B2

公开(公告)日：2013-09-17

申请号：US13042672

申请日：2011-03-08

申请人： Adam Wax ,  John W. Pyhtila

发明人： Adam Wax ,  John W. Pyhtila

IPC分类号： G01B9/02 ,  G01J3/45

CPC分类号： A61B5/0084 ,  A61B1/00165 ,  A61B1/00172 ,  A61B5/0066 ,  A61B5/0075 ,  G01B9/02043 ,  G01B9/02044 ,  G01B9/02084 ,  G01B9/02087 ,  G01B9/0209 ,  G01B9/02091 ,  G01J3/45 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/4795 ,  G01N2021/4704 ,  G01N2021/4709 ,  G01N2021/4735 ,  G01N2201/08

摘要： Fourier domain a/LCI (faLCI) system and method which enables in vivo data acquisition at rapid rates using a single scan. Angle-resolved and depth-resolved spectra information is obtained with one scan. The reference arm can remain fixed with respect to the sample due to only one scan required. A reference signal and a reflected sample signal are cross-correlated and dispersed at a multitude of reflected angles off of the sample, thereby representing reflections from a multitude of points on the sample at the same time in parallel. Information about all depths of the sample at each of the multitude of different points on the sample can be obtained with one scan on the order of approximately 40 milliseconds. From the spatial, cross-correlated reference signal, structural (size) information can also be obtained using techniques that allow size information of scatterers to be obtained from angle-resolved data.

公开(公告)号：US08508746B2

公开(公告)日：2013-08-13

申请号：US13072294

申请日：2011-03-25

申请人： Adam Wax ,  Yizheng Zhu ,  Natan Tzvi Shaked

发明人： Adam Wax ,  Yizheng Zhu ,  Natan Tzvi Shaked

IPC分类号： G01B9/021

CPC分类号： G01B9/02024 ,  G01B9/02047 ,  G01B9/02057

摘要： Disclosed herein are interferometric systems having reflective chambers and related methods. According to an aspect, an interferometric system may include a light source for generating an illumination beam that propagates towards a sample. A sample holder may hold the sample and include a partially reflective cover for allowing a first portion of the illumination beam to pass therethrough to interact with the sample to produce a sample beam that propagates substantially along an optical axis. The cover may be oriented at an angle for reflecting a second portion of the illumination beam to produce a reference beam that propagates at a predetermined angle with respect to the optical axis. An imaging module may redirect the reference beam towards the optical axis at a detection plane. A detector may intercept the sample and reference beams and may generate a holographic representation of the sample based on the beams.

摘要翻译： 本文公开了具有反射室和相关方法的干涉系统。 根据一个方面，干涉仪系统可以包括用于产生向样品传播的照明光束的光源。 样品保持器可以保持样品并且包括部分反射的盖，用于允许照明光束的第一部分通过其与样品相互作用以产生基本上沿着光轴传播的样品光束。 盖可以以一定角度定向以反射照明光束的第二部分，以产生相对于光轴以预定角度传播的参考光束。 成像模块可以将参考光束在检测平面处朝向光轴重定向。 检测器可以截取样本和参考光束，并可以基于光束产生样本的全息图。

公开(公告)号：USRE42497E1

公开(公告)日：2011-06-28

申请号：US12205248

申请日：2008-09-05

申请人： Adam Wax

发明人： Adam Wax

IPC分类号： G01B9/02

CPC分类号： G01N15/0211

摘要： An apparatus and method for obtaining depth-resolved spectra for the purpose of determining the size of scatterers by measuring their elastic scattering properties. Depth resolution is achieved by using a white light source in a Michelson interferometer and dispersing a mixed signal and reference fields. The measured spectrum is Fourier transformed to obtain an axial spatial cross-correlation between the signal and reference fields with near 1 μm depth-resolution. The spectral dependence of scattering by the sample is determined by windowing the spectrum to measure the scattering amplitude as a function of wavenumber.

摘要翻译： 用于通过测量其弹性散射特性来确定散射体尺寸的目的，获得深度分辨光谱的装置和方法。 通过在迈克尔逊干涉仪中使用白光源并分散混合信号和参考场来实现深度分辨率。 测量光谱进行傅里叶变换，以获得具有近1μm深度分辨率的信号和参考场之间的轴向空间互相关。 样品散射的光谱依赖性通过加窗光谱来测定散射振幅，作为波数的函数来确定。

公开(公告)号：US07903254B2

公开(公告)日：2011-03-08

申请号：US12538309

申请日：2009-08-10

申请人： Adam Wax ,  John W. Pyhtila

发明人： Adam Wax ,  John W. Pyhtila

IPC分类号： G01B9/02 ,  G01J3/45 ,  G01N21/00

CPC分类号： G01J3/4412 ,  A61B5/0066 ,  A61B5/0075 ,  A61B5/0084 ,  A61B5/7257 ,  G01B9/02044 ,  G01B9/02084 ,  G01B9/02087 ,  G01B9/0209 ,  G01J3/4531 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/4795 ,  G01N2021/4704 ,  G01N2021/4709 ,  G01N2021/4735 ,  G01N2201/08

摘要： Fourier domain a/LCI (faLCI) system and method which enables in vivo data acquisition at rapid rates using a single scan. Angle-resolved and depth-resolved spectra information is obtained with one scan. The reference arm can remain fixed with respect to the sample due to only one scan required. A reference signal and a reflected sample signal are cross-correlated and dispersed at a multitude of reflected angles off of the sample, thereby representing reflections from a multitude of points on the sample at the same time in parallel. Information about all depths of the sample at each of the multitude of different points on the sample can be obtained with one scan on the order of approximately 40 milliseconds. From the spatial, cross-correlated reference signal, structural (size) information can also be obtained using techniques that allow size information of scatterers to be obtained from angle-resolved data.

摘要翻译： 傅里叶域a / LCI（faLCI）系统和方法，使用单次扫描能够以快速的速率进行体内数据采集。 通过一次扫描获得角度分辨和深度分辨的光谱信息。 由于仅需要一次扫描，参考臂可以相对于样品保持固定。 参考信号和反射的采样信号以相对于样本的多个反射角度相互相关并分散，从而同时并行地表示来自样品上的多个点的反射。 可以通过大约40毫秒量级的一次扫描获得关于样本上多个不同点的每个样本的所有深度的信息。 从空间相互关联的参考信号，也可以使用允许从角度分辨数据获得散射体的尺寸信息的技术来获得结构（尺寸）信息。

公开(公告)号：US07365858B2

公开(公告)日：2008-04-29

申请号：US10823389

申请日：2004-04-13

申请人： Christopher M. Fang-Yen ,  Gabriel Popescu ,  Changhuei Yang ,  Adam Wax ,  Ramachandra R. Dasari ,  Michael S. Feld

发明人： Christopher M. Fang-Yen ,  Gabriel Popescu ,  Changhuei Yang ,  Adam Wax ,  Ramachandra R. Dasari ,  Michael S. Feld

IPC分类号： G01B9/02 ,  G01B11/02

CPC分类号： G01B9/02091 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/7232 ,  G01B9/02002 ,  G01B9/02007 ,  G01B9/02011 ,  G01B9/02057 ,  G01B9/02063 ,  G01B9/02067 ,  G01B9/02069 ,  G01B9/02071 ,  G01B9/02072 ,  G01B9/02078 ,  G01B9/02083 ,  G01B9/0209 ,  G01B2290/45 ,  G01B2290/60 ,  G01B2290/70 ,  G01J9/04 ,  G01N21/45

摘要： Preferred embodiments of the present invention are directed to systems for phase measurement which address the problem of phase noise using combinations of a number of strategies including, but not limited to, common-path interferometry, phase referencing, active stabilization and differential measurement. Embodiment are directed to optical devices for imaging small biological objects with light. These embodiments can be applied to the fields of, for example, cellular physiology and neuroscience. These preferred embodiments are based on principles of phase measurements and imaging technologies. The scientific motivation for using phase measurements and imaging technologies is derived from, for example, cellular biology at the sub-micron level which can include, without limitation, imaging origins of dysplasia, cellular communication, neuronal transmission and implementation of the genetic code. The structure and dynamics of sub-cellular constituents cannot be currently studied in their native state using the existing methods and technologies including, for example, x-ray and neutron scattering. In contrast, light based techniques with nanometer resolution enable the cellular machinery to be studied in its native state. Thus, preferred embodiments of the present invention include systems based on principles of interferometry and/or phase measurements and are used to study cellular physiology. These systems include principles of low coherence interferometry (LCI) using optical interferometers to measure phase, or light scattering spectroscopy (LSS) wherein interference within the cellular components themselves is used, or in the alternative the principles of LCI and LSS can be combined to result in systems of the present invention.

摘要翻译： 本发明的优选实施例涉及用于相位测量的系统，其使用多种策略的组合来解决相位噪声问题，包括但不限于公共路径干涉测量，相位参考，主动稳定和差分测量。 实施例涉及用于用光成像小生物物体的光学装置。 这些实施方案可以应用于例如细胞生理学和神经科学领域。 这些优选实施例基于相位测量和成像技术的原理。 使用相位测量和成像技术的科学动机源于例如亚微米级别的细胞生物学，其可以包括但不限于成像发育异常起源，细胞通讯，神经元传播和遗传密码的实现。 亚细胞组分的结构和动力学目前不能使用现有的方法和技术（例如x射线和中子散射）在其天然状态下研究。 相比之下，具有纳米分辨率的基于光的技术使得能够以其天然状态研究细胞机械。 因此，本发明的优选实施例包括基于干涉测量和/或相位测量的原理的系统，并且用于研究细胞生理学。 这些系统包括使用光学干涉仪来测量相位的低相干干涉测量（LCI）原理，或使用其中使用细胞部件本身内部的干扰的光散射光谱（LSS），或者替代地，LCI和LSS的原理可以组合以产生 在本发明的系统中。

公开(公告)号：US06611339B1

公开(公告)日：2003-08-26

申请号：US09591297

申请日：2000-06-09

申请人： Changhuei Yang ,  Adam Wax ,  Michael S. Feld

发明人： Changhuei Yang ,  Adam Wax ,  Michael S. Feld

IPC分类号： G01B902

CPC分类号： A61B5/0073 ,  A61B5/0066 ,  G01N15/0205 ,  G01N21/4795

摘要： Radiation that propagates undeflected through a turbid medium, undergoes a small change in phase velocity due to its wave nature. This change can be measured using a differential phase optical interferometer. Ballistic propagation can be classified into three regimes: For scatterers small compared to the wavelength, the turbid medium acts as a bulk medium; for large scatterers, phase velocity is independent of turbidity; and in the intermediate regime the phase velocity is strongly dependent on scatterer radius. In particular, for scatterers having intermediate size a phase velocity increase and negative dispersion is observed by adding positive dispersion scatterers of higher refractive index. These measurements are made using the phase difference between fundamental and harmonic light and can be used to provide diagnostic information and images of tissue or biological fluids.

摘要翻译： 通过混浊介质传播未偏转的辐射由于其波浪性质而在相位速度上发生小的变化。 可以使用差分相位光学干涉仪测量该变化。 弹道传播可以分为三种方式：对于与波长相比较小的散射体，混浊介质作为大量介质; 对于大散射体，相速度与浊度无关; 并且在中间状态下，相速度很大程度上取决于散射体半径。 特别地，对于具有中等尺寸的散射体，通过添加较高折射率的正离散散射体观察到相速度增加和负色散。 这些测量使用基波和谐波光之间的相位差进行，可用于提供组织或生物流体的诊断信息和图像。

公开(公告)号：US20130135614A1

公开(公告)日：2013-05-30

申请号：US13574484

申请日：2011-01-24

申请人： Adam Wax ,  Robert N. Graf ,  Francisco E. Robles

发明人： Adam Wax ,  Robert N. Graf ,  Francisco E. Robles

IPC分类号： G01B9/02

CPC分类号： G01J3/453 ,  G01B9/02044 ,  G01B9/02084 ,  G01B9/02087 ,  G01B9/02091 ,  G01J3/45 ,  G01J2003/4538 ,  G01N21/49

摘要： Current apparatuses and methods for analysis of spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (SOCT) signals suffer from an inherent tradeoff between time (depth) and frequency (wavelength) resolution. In one non-limiting embodiment, multiple or dual window (DW) apparatuses and methods for reconstructing time-frequency distributions (TFDs) that applies two windows that independently determine the optical and temporal resolution is provided. For example, optical resolution may relate to scattering information about a sample, and temporal resolution may be related to absorption or depth related information. The effectiveness of the apparatuses and methods is demonstrated in simulations and in processing of measured OCT signals that contain fields which vary in time and frequency. The DW technique may yield TFDs that maintain high spectral and temporal resolution and are free from the artifacts and limitations commonly observed with other processing methods.

摘要翻译： 分光光学相干断层扫描（SOCT）信号的分析的现有装置和方法遭受时间（深度）和频率（波长）分辨率之间固有的折中。 在一个非限制性实施例中，提供了用于重建施加独立地确定光学和时间分辨率的两个窗口的时间频率分布（TFD）的多重或双窗口（DW）装置和方法。 例如，光学分辨率可以涉及关于样本的散射信息，并且时间分辨率可以与吸收或深度相关信息相关。 在模拟和处理包含在时间和频率上变化的场的测量的OCT信号中证明了装置和方法的有效性。 DW技术可以产生维持高光谱和时间分辨率的TFD，并且不存在通常用其它处理方法观察到的伪像和限制。

公开(公告)号：US20130128264A1

公开(公告)日：2013-05-23

申请号：US13636076

申请日：2010-03-19

申请人： Adam Wax ,  Yizheng Zhu

发明人： Adam Wax ,  Yizheng Zhu

IPC分类号： G01N21/47

CPC分类号： G01N21/4795 ,  G01B9/02022 ,  G01B9/02044 ,  G01B9/0209 ,  G01B9/02091 ,  G01B2290/70

摘要： Optical fiber-based angle-resolved low coherence interferometric systems and methods are disclosed for imaging of scattering samples and measurement of optical and structural properties. A single-mode collection optical fiber can be employed and scanned to collect an angular scattering distribution of scattered light from the sample. Use of a single-mode collection optical fiber can reduce cost, increase signal accuracy, and provide compatibility with optical coherence tomography systems, as examples. In certain embodiments, collected angular scatterings of light from the sample are cross-correlated with a reference signal to provide an angular scattering distribution of scattering of light from the sample. The angular scattering distribution can be spectrally dispersed to yield an angle-resolved, spectrally-resolved cross-correlation profile having depth-resolved information about the sample at the scattering angles. The angle-resolved, spectrally-resolved cross-correlation profile can be analyzed to provide size and/or depth information about the sample. The systems and methods can also be employed in non-interferometric modes.

摘要翻译： 公开了基于光纤的角度分辨的低相干干涉系统和方法用于散射样品的成像和光学和结构性质的测量。 可以使用单模收集光纤并扫描以收集来自样品的散射光的角散射分布。 作为示例，使用单模收集光纤可以降低成本，提高信号精度，并提供与光学相干断层摄影系统的兼容性。 在某些实施例中，来自样品的光的收集的角散射与参考信号互相关，以提供来自样品的光的散射的角散射分布。 角度散射分布可以光谱分散，以产生角度分辨的，光谱分辨的互相关分布，其具有关于散射角的样品的深度分辨信息。 可以分析角度分辨的，光谱分辨的互相关分布，以提供关于样品的尺寸和/或深度信息。 系统和方法也可以用于非干涉模式。

公开(公告)号：US20120281224A1

公开(公告)日：2012-11-08

申请号：US13551348

申请日：2012-07-17

申请人： Adam Wax ,  John W. Pyhtila

发明人： Adam Wax ,  John W. Pyhtila

IPC分类号： G01J3/45 ,  G01B11/22 ,  G01B9/02

CPC分类号： G01J3/4412 ,  A61B5/0066 ,  A61B5/0075 ,  A61B5/0084 ,  A61B5/7257 ,  G01B9/02044 ,  G01B9/02084 ,  G01B9/02087 ,  G01B9/0209 ,  G01J3/4531 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/4795 ,  G01N2021/4704 ,  G01N2021/4709 ,  G01N2021/4735 ,  G01N2201/08

摘要： Fourier domain a/LCI (faLCI) system and method which enables in vivo data acquisition at rapid rates using a single scan. Angle-resolved and depth resolved spectra information is obtained with one scan. The reference arm can remain fixed with respect to the sample due to only one scan required. A reference signal and a reflected sample signal are cross-correlated and dispersed at a multitude of reflected angles off of the sample, thereby representing reflections from a multitude of points on the sample at the same time in parallel. Information about all depths of the sample at each of the multitude of different points on the sample can be obtained with one scan on the order of approximately 40 milliseconds. From the spatial, cross-correlated reference signal, structural (size) information can also be obtained using techniques that allow size information of scatterers to be obtained from angle-resolved data.

摘要翻译： 傅里叶域a / LCI（faLCI）系统和方法，使用单次扫描能够以快速的速率进行体内数据采集。 通过一次扫描获得角度分辨和深度解析的光谱信息。 由于仅需要一次扫描，参考臂可以相对于样品保持固定。 参考信号和反射的采样信号以相对于样本的多个反射角度相互相关并分散，从而同时并行地表示来自样品上的多个点的反射。 可以通过大约40毫秒量级的一次扫描获得关于样本上多个不同点的每个样本的所有深度的信息。 从空间相互关联的参考信号，也可以使用允许从角度分辨数据获得散射体的尺寸信息的技术来获得结构（尺寸）信息。

公开(公告)号：US20110242543A1

公开(公告)日：2011-10-06

申请号：US13072294

申请日：2011-03-25

申请人： Adam Wax ,  Yizheng Zhu ,  Natan Tzvi Shaked

发明人： Adam Wax ,  Yizheng Zhu ,  Natan Tzvi Shaked

IPC分类号： G01B9/021

CPC分类号： G01B9/02024 ,  G01B9/02047 ,  G01B9/02057

摘要： Disclosed herein are interferometric systems having reflective chambers and related methods. According to an aspect, an interferometric system may include a light source for generating an illumination beam that propagates towards a sample. A sample holder may hold the sample and include a partially reflective cover for allowing a first portion of the illumination beam to pass therethrough to interact with the sample to produce a sample beam that propagates substantially along an optical axis. The cover may be oriented at an angle for reflecting a second portion of the illumination beam to produce a reference beam that propagates at a predetermined angle with respect to the optical axis. An imaging module may redirect the reference beam towards the optical axis at a detection plane. A detector may intercept the sample and reference beams and may generate a holographic representation of the sample based on the beams.

摘要翻译： 本文公开了具有反射室和相关方法的干涉系统。 根据一个方面，干涉仪系统可以包括用于产生向样品传播的照明光束的光源。 样品保持器可以保持样品并且包括部分反射的盖，用于允许照明光束的第一部分通过其与样品相互作用以产生基本上沿着光轴传播的样品光束。 盖可以以一定角度定向以反射照明光束的第二部分，以产生相对于光轴以预定角度传播的参考光束。 成像模块可以将参考光束在检测平面处朝向光轴重定向。 检测器可以截取样本和参考光束，并可以基于光束产生样本的全息图。