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    Systems and methods for phase measurements
    1.
    发明授权
    Systems and methods for phase measurements 有权
    相位测量的系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US07557929B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-07-07

    申请号：US10871610

    申请日：2004-06-18

    申请人： Christopher M. Fang-Yen ,  Gabriel Popescu ,  Changhuei Yang ,  Adam Wax ,  Ramachandra R. Dasari ,  Michael S. Feld

    发明人： Christopher M. Fang-Yen ,  Gabriel Popescu ,  Changhuei Yang ,  Adam Wax ,  Ramachandra R. Dasari ,  Michael S. Feld

    IPC分类号： G01B9/02 ,  G01B11/02

    CPC分类号： G01B9/02091 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/7232 ,  G01B9/02002 ,  G01B9/02007 ,  G01B9/02011 ,  G01B9/02057 ,  G01B9/02063 ,  G01B9/02067 ,  G01B9/02069 ,  G01B9/02071 ,  G01B9/02072 ,  G01B9/02078 ,  G01B9/02083 ,  G01B9/0209 ,  G01B2290/45 ,  G01B2290/60 ,  G01B2290/70 ,  G01J9/04 ,  G01N21/45

    摘要： Preferred embodiments of the present invention are directed to systems for phase measurement which address the problem of phase noise using combinations of a number of strategies including, but not limited to, common-path interferometry, phase referencing, active stabilization and differential measurement. Embodiment are directed to optical devices for imaging small biological objects with light. These embodiments can be applied to the fields of, for example, cellular physiology and neuroscience. These preferred embodiments are based on principles of phase measurements and imaging technologies. The scientific motivation for using phase measurements and imaging technologies is derived from, for example, cellular biology at the sub-micron level which can include, without limitation, imaging origins of dysplasia, cellular communication, neuronal transmission and implementation of the genetic code. The structure and dynamics of sub-cellular constituents cannot be currently studied in their native state using the existing methods and technologies including, for example, x-ray and neutron scattering. In contrast, light based techniques with nanometer resolution enable the cellular machinery to be studied in its native state. Thus, preferred embodiments of the present invention include systems based on principles of interferometry and/or phase measurements and are used to study cellular physiology. These systems include principles of low coherence interferometry (LCI) using optical interferometers to measure phase, or light scattering spectroscopy (LSS) wherein interference within the cellular components themselves is used, or in the alternative the principles of LCI and LSS can be combined to result in systems of the present invention.

    摘要翻译： 本发明的优选实施例涉及用于相位测量的系统，其使用多种策略的组合来解决相位噪声问题，包括但不限于公共路径干涉测量，相位参考，主动稳定和差分测量。 实施例涉及用于用光成像小生物物体的光学装置。 这些实施方案可以应用于例如细胞生理学和神经科学领域。 这些优选实施例基于相位测量和成像技术的原理。 使用相位测量和成像技术的科学动机源于例如亚微米级别的细胞生物学，其可以包括但不限于成像发育异常起源，细胞通讯，神经元传播和遗传密码的实现。 亚细胞组分的结构和动力学目前不能使用现有的方法和技术（例如x射线和中子散射）在其天然状态下研究。 相比之下，具有纳米分辨率的基于光的技术使得能够以其天然状态研究细胞机械。 因此，本发明的优选实施例包括基于干涉测量和/或相位测量的原理的系统，并且用于研究细胞生理学。 这些系统包括使用光学干涉仪来测量相位的低相干干涉测量（LCI）原理，或使用其中使用细胞部件本身内部的干扰的光散射光谱（LSS），或者替代地，LCI和LSS的原理可以组合以产生 在本发明的系统中。

    Systems and methods for phase measurements
    2.
    发明授权
    Systems and methods for phase measurements 有权
    相位测量的系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US07365858B2

    公开(公告)日：2008-04-29

    申请号：US10823389

    申请日：2004-04-13

    申请人： Christopher M. Fang-Yen ,  Gabriel Popescu ,  Changhuei Yang ,  Adam Wax ,  Ramachandra R. Dasari ,  Michael S. Feld

    发明人： Christopher M. Fang-Yen ,  Gabriel Popescu ,  Changhuei Yang ,  Adam Wax ,  Ramachandra R. Dasari ,  Michael S. Feld

    IPC分类号： G01B9/02 ,  G01B11/02

    CPC分类号： G01B9/02091 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/7232 ,  G01B9/02002 ,  G01B9/02007 ,  G01B9/02011 ,  G01B9/02057 ,  G01B9/02063 ,  G01B9/02067 ,  G01B9/02069 ,  G01B9/02071 ,  G01B9/02072 ,  G01B9/02078 ,  G01B9/02083 ,  G01B9/0209 ,  G01B2290/45 ,  G01B2290/60 ,  G01B2290/70 ,  G01J9/04 ,  G01N21/45

    摘要： Preferred embodiments of the present invention are directed to systems for phase measurement which address the problem of phase noise using combinations of a number of strategies including, but not limited to, common-path interferometry, phase referencing, active stabilization and differential measurement. Embodiment are directed to optical devices for imaging small biological objects with light. These embodiments can be applied to the fields of, for example, cellular physiology and neuroscience. These preferred embodiments are based on principles of phase measurements and imaging technologies. The scientific motivation for using phase measurements and imaging technologies is derived from, for example, cellular biology at the sub-micron level which can include, without limitation, imaging origins of dysplasia, cellular communication, neuronal transmission and implementation of the genetic code. The structure and dynamics of sub-cellular constituents cannot be currently studied in their native state using the existing methods and technologies including, for example, x-ray and neutron scattering. In contrast, light based techniques with nanometer resolution enable the cellular machinery to be studied in its native state. Thus, preferred embodiments of the present invention include systems based on principles of interferometry and/or phase measurements and are used to study cellular physiology. These systems include principles of low coherence interferometry (LCI) using optical interferometers to measure phase, or light scattering spectroscopy (LSS) wherein interference within the cellular components themselves is used, or in the alternative the principles of LCI and LSS can be combined to result in systems of the present invention.

    摘要翻译： 本发明的优选实施例涉及用于相位测量的系统，其使用多种策略的组合来解决相位噪声问题，包括但不限于公共路径干涉测量，相位参考，主动稳定和差分测量。 实施例涉及用于用光成像小生物物体的光学装置。 这些实施方案可以应用于例如细胞生理学和神经科学领域。 这些优选实施例基于相位测量和成像技术的原理。 使用相位测量和成像技术的科学动机源于例如亚微米级别的细胞生物学，其可以包括但不限于成像发育异常起源，细胞通讯，神经元传播和遗传密码的实现。 亚细胞组分的结构和动力学目前不能使用现有的方法和技术（例如x射线和中子散射）在其天然状态下研究。 相比之下，具有纳米分辨率的基于光的技术使得能够以其天然状态研究细胞机械。 因此，本发明的优选实施例包括基于干涉测量和/或相位测量的原理的系统，并且用于研究细胞生理学。 这些系统包括使用光学干涉仪来测量相位的低相干干涉测量（LCI）原理，或使用其中使用细胞部件本身内部的干扰的光散射光谱（LSS），或者替代地，LCI和LSS的原理可以组合以产生 在本发明的系统中。

    SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PHASE MEASUREMENTS
    3.
    发明申请
    SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PHASE MEASUREMENTS 有权
    用于相位测量的系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US20100094135A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-04-15

    申请号：US12494605

    申请日：2009-06-30

    申请人： Christopher M. Fang-Yen ,  Gabriel Popescu ,  Changhuei Yang ,  Adam Wax ,  Ramachandra R. Dasari ,  Michael S. Feld

    发明人： Christopher M. Fang-Yen ,  Gabriel Popescu ,  Changhuei Yang ,  Adam Wax ,  Ramachandra R. Dasari ,  Michael S. Feld

    IPC分类号： A61B6/00 ,  G01B9/02 ,  A61B3/10

    CPC分类号： G01B9/02091 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/7232 ,  G01B9/02002 ,  G01B9/02007 ,  G01B9/02011 ,  G01B9/02057 ,  G01B9/02063 ,  G01B9/02067 ,  G01B9/02069 ,  G01B9/02071 ,  G01B9/02072 ,  G01B9/02078 ,  G01B9/02083 ,  G01B9/0209 ,  G01B2290/45 ,  G01B2290/60 ,  G01B2290/70 ,  G01J9/04 ,  G01N21/45

    摘要： Preferred embodiments of the present invention are directed to systems for phase measurement which address the problem of phase noise using combinations of a number of strategies including, but not limited to, common-path interferometry, phase referencing, active stabilization and differential measurement. Embodiment are directed to optical devices for imaging small biological objects with light. These embodiments can be applied to the fields of, for example, cellular physiology and neuroscience. These preferred embodiments are based on principles of phase measurements and imaging technologies. The scientific motivation for using phase measurements and imaging technologies is derived from, for example, cellular biology at the sub-micron level which can include, without limitation, imaging origins of dysplasia, cellular communication, neuronal transmission and implementation of the genetic code. The structure and dynamics of sub-cellular constituents cannot be currently studied in their native state using the existing methods and technologies including, for example, x-ray and neutron scattering. In contrast, light based techniques with nanometer resolution enable the cellular machinery to be studied in its native state. Thus, preferred embodiments of the present invention include systems based on principles of interferometry and/or phase measurements and are used to study cellular physiology. These systems include principles of low coherence interferometry (LCI) using optical interferometers to measure phase, or light scattering spectroscopy (LSS) wherein interference within the cellular components themselves is used, or in the alternative the principles of LCI and LSS can be combined to result in systems of the present invention.

    摘要翻译： 本发明的优选实施例涉及用于相位测量的系统，其使用多种策略的组合来解决相位噪声问题，包括但不限于公共路径干涉测量，相位参考，主动稳定和差分测量。 实施例涉及用于用光成像小生物物体的光学装置。 这些实施方案可以应用于例如细胞生理学和神经科学领域。 这些优选实施例基于相位测量和成像技术的原理。 使用相位测量和成像技术的科学动机源于例如亚微米级别的细胞生物学，其可以包括但不限于成像发育异常起源，细胞通讯，神经元传播和遗传密码的实现。 亚细胞组分的结构和动力学目前不能使用现有的方法和技术（例如x射线和中子散射）在其天然状态下研究。 相比之下，具有纳米分辨率的基于光的技术使得能够以其天然状态研究细胞机械。 因此，本发明的优选实施例包括基于干涉测量和/或相位测量的原理的系统，并且用于研究细胞生理学。 这些系统包括使用光学干涉仪来测量相位的低相干干涉测量（LCI）原理，或使用其中使用细胞部件本身内部的干扰的光散射光谱（LSS），或者替代地，LCI和LSS的原理可以组合以产生 在本发明的系统中。

    System and method for measuring optical distance
    4.
    发明授权
    System and method for measuring optical distance 有权
    用于测量光学距离的系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US06934035B2

    公开(公告)日：2005-08-23

    申请号：US10024455

    申请日：2001-12-18

    申请人： Changhuei Yang ,  Adam Wax ,  Ramachandra R. Dasari ,  Michael S. Feld

    发明人： Changhuei Yang ,  Adam Wax ,  Ramachandra R. Dasari ,  Michael S. Feld

    IPC分类号： A61B3/10 ,  G01B9/02 ,  G01B11/00 ,  G01B11/02 ,  G01J9/04 ,  G01N21/17 ,  G01N21/45

    CPC分类号： G01B9/02007 ,  G01B9/02002 ,  G01B9/02078 ,  G01B9/0209 ,  G01B2290/45 ,  G01J9/04 ,  G01N21/45

    摘要： The methods of the present invention are directed at an accurate phase-based technique for measuring arbitrarily long optical distances with sub-nanometer precision. A preferred embodiment of the present invention method employs a interferometer, for example, a Michelson interferometer, with a pair of harmonically related light sources, one continuous wave (CW) and a second source having low coherence. By slightly adjusting the center wavelength of the low coherence source between scans of the target sample, the phase relationship between the heterodyne signals of the CW and low coherence light is used to measure the separation between reflecting interfaces with sub-nanometer precision. As the preferred embodiment of this method is completely free of 2π ambiguity, an issue that plagues most phase-based techniques, it can be used to measure arbitrarily long optical distances without loss of precision.

    摘要翻译： 本发明的方法涉及用于以亚纳米精度测量任意长的光学距离的精确的基于相位的技术。 本发明方法的优选实施例采用干涉仪，例如迈克尔逊干涉仪，具有一对谐波相关的光源，一个连续波（CW）和具有低相干性的第二源。 通过在目标样本的扫描之间稍微调整低相干光源的中心波长，使用CW的外差信号与低相干光之间的相位关系来测量具有亚纳米精度的反射界面之间的距离。 由于该方法的优选实施例完全不存在2pi模糊度，这是一种困扰大多数基于相位的技术的问题，可以用于测量任意长的光学距离而不损失精度。

    Phase dispersive tomography
    6.
    发明授权
    Phase dispersive tomography 失效
    相分散层析成像

    公开(公告)号：US06611339B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-08-26

    申请号：US09591297

    申请日：2000-06-09

    申请人： Changhuei Yang ,  Adam Wax ,  Michael S. Feld

    发明人： Changhuei Yang ,  Adam Wax ,  Michael S. Feld

    IPC分类号： G01B902

    CPC分类号： A61B5/0073 ,  A61B5/0066 ,  G01N15/0205 ,  G01N21/4795

    摘要： Radiation that propagates undeflected through a turbid medium, undergoes a small change in phase velocity due to its wave nature. This change can be measured using a differential phase optical interferometer. Ballistic propagation can be classified into three regimes: For scatterers small compared to the wavelength, the turbid medium acts as a bulk medium; for large scatterers, phase velocity is independent of turbidity; and in the intermediate regime the phase velocity is strongly dependent on scatterer radius. In particular, for scatterers having intermediate size a phase velocity increase and negative dispersion is observed by adding positive dispersion scatterers of higher refractive index. These measurements are made using the phase difference between fundamental and harmonic light and can be used to provide diagnostic information and images of tissue or biological fluids.

    摘要翻译： 通过混浊介质传播未偏转的辐射由于其波浪性质而在相位速度上发生小的变化。 可以使用差分相位光学干涉仪测量该变化。 弹道传播可以分为三种方式：对于与波长相比较小的散射体，混浊介质作为大量介质; 对于大散射体，相速度与浊度无关; 并且在中间状态下，相速度很大程度上取决于散射体半径。 特别地，对于具有中等尺寸的散射体，通过添加较高折射率的正离散散射体观察到相速度增加和负色散。 这些测量使用基波和谐波光之间的相位差进行，可用于提供组织或生物流体的诊断信息和图像。

    Systems and methods for phase measurements
    7.
    发明授权
    Systems and methods for phase measurements 有权
    相位测量的系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US08334982B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-12-18

    申请号：US12494605

    申请日：2009-06-30

    申请人： Christopher Fang-Yen ,  Gabriel Popescu ,  Changhuei Yang ,  Adam Wax ,  Ramachandra Dasari ,  Michael Feld

    发明人： Christopher Fang-Yen ,  Gabriel Popescu ,  Changhuei Yang ,  Adam Wax ,  Ramachandra Dasari ,  Michael Feld

    IPC分类号： G01B11/02

    CPC分类号： G01B9/02091 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/7232 ,  G01B9/02002 ,  G01B9/02007 ,  G01B9/02011 ,  G01B9/02057 ,  G01B9/02063 ,  G01B9/02067 ,  G01B9/02069 ,  G01B9/02071 ,  G01B9/02072 ,  G01B9/02078 ,  G01B9/02083 ,  G01B9/0209 ,  G01B2290/45 ,  G01B2290/60 ,  G01B2290/70 ,  G01J9/04 ,  G01N21/45

    摘要： Preferred embodiments of the present invention are directed to systems for phase measurement which address the problem of phase noise using combinations of a number of strategies including, but not limited to, common-path interferometry, phase referencing, active stabilization and differential measurement. Embodiment are directed to optical devices for imaging small biological objects with light. These embodiments can be applied to the fields of, for example, cellular physiology and neuroscience. These preferred embodiments are based on principles of phase measurements and imaging technologies. The scientific motivation for using phase measurements and imaging technologies is derived from, for example, cellular biology at the sub-micron level which can include, without limitation, imaging origins of dysplasia, cellular communication, neuronal transmission and implementation of the genetic code. The structure and dynamics of sub-cellular constituents cannot be currently studied in their native state using the existing methods and technologies including, for example, x-ray and neutron scattering. In contrast, light based techniques with nanometer resolution enable the cellular machinery to be studied in its native state. Thus, preferred embodiments of the present invention include systems based on principles of interferometry and/or phase measurements and are used to study cellular physiology. These systems include principles of low coherence interferometry (LCI) using optical interferometers to measure phase, or light scattering spectroscopy (LSS) wherein interference within the cellular components themselves is used, or in the alternative the principles of LCI and LSS can be combined to result in systems of the present invention.

    摘要翻译： 本发明的优选实施例涉及用于相位测量的系统，其使用多种策略的组合来解决相位噪声问题，包括但不限于公共路径干涉测量，相位参考，主动稳定和差分测量。 实施例涉及用于用光成像小生物物体的光学装置。 这些实施方案可以应用于例如细胞生理学和神经科学领域。 这些优选实施例基于相位测量和成像技术的原理。 使用相位测量和成像技术的科学动机源于例如亚微米级别的细胞生物学，其可以包括但不限于成像发育异常起源，细胞通讯，神经元传播和遗传密码的实现。 亚细胞组分的结构和动力学目前不能使用现有的方法和技术（例如x射线和中子散射）在其天然状态下研究。 相比之下，具有纳米分辨率的基于光的技术使得能够以其天然状态研究细胞机械。 因此，本发明的优选实施例包括基于干涉测量和/或相位测量的原理的系统，并且用于研究细胞生理学。 这些系统包括使用光学干涉仪来测量相位的低相干干涉测量（LCI）原理，或使用其中使用细胞部件本身内部的干扰的光散射光谱（LSS），或者替代地，LCI和LSS的原理可以组合以产生 在本发明的系统中。

    Systems and methods for phase measurements
    9.
    发明申请
    Systems and methods for phase measurements 有权
    相位测量的系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US20050057756A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-03-17

    申请号：US10823389

    申请日：2004-04-13

    申请人： Christopher Fang-Yen ,  Gabriel Popescu ,  Changhuei Yang ,  Adam Wax ,  Ramachandra Dasari ,  Michael Feld

    发明人： Christopher Fang-Yen ,  Gabriel Popescu ,  Changhuei Yang ,  Adam Wax ,  Ramachandra Dasari ,  Michael Feld

    IPC分类号： G01B9/02 ,  G01J9/04 ,  G01N21/45

    CPC分类号： G01B9/02091 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/7232 ,  G01B9/02002 ,  G01B9/02007 ,  G01B9/02011 ,  G01B9/02057 ,  G01B9/02063 ,  G01B9/02067 ,  G01B9/02069 ,  G01B9/02071 ,  G01B9/02072 ,  G01B9/02078 ,  G01B9/02083 ,  G01B9/0209 ,  G01B2290/45 ,  G01B2290/60 ,  G01B2290/70 ,  G01J9/04 ,  G01N21/45

    摘要： Preferred embodiments of the present invention are directed to systems for phase measurement which address the problem of phase noise using combinations of a number of strategies including, but not limited to, common-path interferometry, phase referencing, active stabilization and differential measurement. Embodiment are directed to optical devices for imaging small biological objects with light. These embodiments can be applied to the fields of, for example, cellular physiology and neuroscience. These preferred embodiments are based on principles of phase measurements and imaging technologies. The scientific motivation for using phase measurements and imaging technologies is derived from, for example, cellular biology at the sub-micron level which can include, without limitation, imaging origins of dysplasia, cellular communication, neuronal transmission and implementation of the genetic code. The structure and dynamics of sub-cellular constituents cannot be currently studied in their native state using the existing methods and technologies including, for example, x-ray and neutron scattering. In contrast, light based techniques with nanometer resolution enable the cellular machinery to be studied in its native state. Thus, preferred embodiments of the present invention include systems based on principles of interferometry and/or phase measurements and are used to study cellular physiology. These systems include principles of low coherence interferometry (LCI) using optical interferometers to measure phase, or light scattering spectroscopy (LSS) wherein interference within the cellular components themselves is used, or in the alternative the principles of LCI and LSS can be combined to result in systems of the present invention.

    摘要翻译： 本发明的优选实施例涉及用于相位测量的系统，其使用多种策略的组合来解决相位噪声问题，包括但不限于公共路径干涉测量，相位参考，主动稳定和差分测量。 实施例涉及用于用光成像小生物物体的光学装置。 这些实施方案可以应用于例如细胞生理学和神经科学领域。 这些优选实施例基于相位测量和成像技术的原理。 使用相位测量和成像技术的科学动机源于例如亚微米级别的细胞生物学，其可以包括但不限于成像发育异常起源，细胞通讯，神经元传播和遗传密码的实现。 亚细胞组分的结构和动力学目前不能使用现有的方法和技术（例如x射线和中子散射）在其天然状态下研究。 相比之下，具有纳米分辨率的基于光的技术使得能够以其天然状态研究细胞机械。 因此，本发明的优选实施例包括基于干涉测量和/或相位测量的原理的系统，并且用于研究细胞生理学。 这些系统包括使用光学干涉仪来测量相位的低相干干涉测量（LCI）原理，或使用其中使用细胞部件本身内部的干扰的光散射光谱（LSS），或者替代地，LCI和LSS的原理可以组合以产生 在本发明的系统中。