摘要:
An entrainment-based mechanical ventilator may be initially set to approximate the patient's spontaneous respiratory frequency, enabling the patient to entrain to the ventilator if the ventilator frequency matches the patient's spontaneous breathing frequency or is within a reasonable range from it. If the preset frequency of the ventilator is set too high or too low from the spontaneous frequency, the patient will fall out of phase and “fight” the ventilator. The ventilator phase relative to the patient's breathing effort indicates the difference between the ventilator frequency and spontaneous frequency. Based on the phase difference, a closed-loop control mechanism may continuously adjust the ventilator frequency to match the patient breathing frequency until the phase shift is within a preset limit. Patient-ventilator entrainment will occur when the ventilator frequency is within a certain range from the patient breathing frequency.
摘要:
A method for controlling the air-fuel ratio of an internal combustion engine operating with alternating intake valves is presented. According to the method, engine air-fuel ratio can be adjusted by changing valve timings or fuel during a cylinder cycle.
摘要:
A method for controlling an engine to reduce vehicle shuffle mode vibration during mode transition. The engine includes multiple cylinders, each with at least one electrically actuated valve, and the engine operates in a first mode having a first number of firing cylinders and a second mode having a second number of firing cylinders. The method comprises transitioning the engine from operating in the first mode to the second mode; adjusting at least a valve timing or lift of one of a last cylinder to be fired in said first mode and a first cylinder to be fired in said second mode to temporarily adjust a cylinder torque and thereby reduce vehicle shuffle mode vibration.
摘要:
An electronic valve actuation system and control method is described. The valve timing is changed between early and late intake valve closing depending on engine operating conditions. Further, valve timing is adjusted to control engine airflow or engine torque. Finally, air-fuel ratio is adjusted based on feedback from an exhaust gas oxygen sensor as well as an estimate of air, fuel, and residual exhausted from cylinders operating with late valve closing (after bottom dead center) timing.
摘要:
A system and method to control engine valve timing of an internal combustion engine. Electromechanical valves are controlled to improve engine fuel economy. Further, the method can adjust valve operation to provide air-fuel charge motion and increase combustion stability.
摘要:
A method for calculating transient fuel wall wetting characteristics of an operating engine is described. The method accounts for cylinder valve deactivation of cylinders in the engine in calculating the dynamic fueling compensation. In one example, fuel vaporization effects from fuel puddles in deactivated cylinders is considered when calculating the fueling compensation for active cylinders.
摘要:
A system and process for determining fuel injection time scheduling in an internal combustion engine. The system and method uses a prediction of engine speed to compensate for the errors due to rapid speed change in fuel injection during crank/start and engine speed transition like engine tip-in and tip-out.
摘要:
A low-power laser and arc hybrid welding method includes the steps of matching laser pulses with arc phases, and inducing compress arcs by the laser pulses. A laser peak pulse is triggered from half of the positive half-wave to half of the negative half-wave of alternating arc current. The sum of laser peak pulse width and laser basic pulse width is equal to the time width from a laser pulse triggered point to a negative half-wave end point of the alternating arc current. A welding device for carrying out the method is disclosed. An angle formed by the axis of a laser beam (1) and the vertical direction is in the range of −50°-50°. An angle formed by the axis of the laser beam (1) and the axis of an arc torch (2) is in the range of 20°-120°. Arc power density is adjusted minutely in the range of 103-105 by adjusting the alternating arc current, protrusion quantity of an electrode (3) and gas flow velocity of a nozzle. The method and the device can reduce the consumption and save the cost.
摘要:
The present invention relates to the biotechnology field, more particularly, to novel recombinant staphylokinase (RGD/KGD-Sak) derivatives and the preparation the thereof. The derivatives, have a low polymerizing ability, low immunogenicity and a bifunctionality of thrombolytics and anticoagulant. Based on the line, structural analysis of the monomer and dimer of recombinant staphylokinases and their biochemical properties, we designed two novel bifunctional staphylokinase molecular structures. Mutant genes were constructed by PCR site-directed mutagenesis which were then recombined with a prokaryotic vector and used to transform E. coli. Engineered strains with a high expression level were selected by screening and propagated by fermentation, followed by disruption of the cells, centrifugation to collect inclusion bodies, renaturation, and purification of RGD/KGD-SAK through a two-step method. After lyophilized, the polymerizing ability and immunogenicity of the products decreased significantly. The derivatives can not only activate fibrinogen to lyse thrombus, but also significantly inhibit the platelet aggregation induced by ADP, suggesting that they have the bifunctionality of thrombolytics and anticoagulant.
摘要:
A self-adhesive false eyelash having a false eyelash stem portion, false eyelash hairs and a solid adhesive tape; one side of the false eyelash stem portion is fixedly connected with roots of the false eyelash hairs; another side of the false eyelash stem portion is fixedly connected with one side of the solid adhesive tape.