摘要:
One aspect of the present invention relates to ligands for transition metals. A second aspect of the present invention relates to the use of catalysts comprising these ligands in various transition-metal-catalyzed carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. The subject methods provide improvements in many features of the transition-metal-catalyzed reactions, including the range of suitable substrates, number of catalyst turnovers, reaction conditions, and efficiency. For example, improvements have been realized in transition metal-catalyzed: aryl amination reactions; aryl amidation reactions; Suzuki couplings; and Sonogashira couplings. In certain embodiments, the invention relates to catalysts and methods of using them that operate in aqueous solvent systems.
摘要:
Catheter having a first elongate tubular body having a lumen, a second elongate tubular body having a lumen, and an elongate member. The elongate member joins the first and second elongate tubular bodies. The first tubular body is fixedly attached on the distal portion of the elongate member, and the second elongate tubular body is disposed on the elongate member is slidable along a portion of the elongate member. The second elongate tubular body can be in a first position so that the first and second tubular bodies are not adjacent to each other and can be in a second position so that the first and second tubular bodies are adjacent to each other. The catheter may have a locking mechanism that can lock the first and second elongate tubular bodies to each other so that the lumens of the first and second elongate tubular bodies form one continuous lumen.
摘要:
A bioprocess for producing carboxylic acids, alcohols and aldehydes is provided by culturing Candida sp. in a fermentation medium containing various defined substrates.
摘要:
Biooxidation reactions can be controlled by a method which comprises the steps of: (1) independently adding a substrate and a co-substrate at predetermined rates to a bioxidation reaction mixture comprised of a biocatalyst; (2) measuring the oxygen consumption rate and carbon dioxide evolution rate from the reaction mixture; (3) determining the instantaneous rates of substrate and cosubstrate consumption by solving simultaneous equations relating carbon dioxide evolution rate and oxygen consumption rate to the substrate oxidation stoichiometry, the cosubstrate combustion stoichiometry, and optionally the biomass formation stoichiometry; (4) simultaneously adjusting the substrate and cosubstrate addition rates to the rates of substrate oxidation and cosubstrate consumption in order to maximize the rate of product formation while simultaneously minimizing the rate of cosubstrate usage. The method provides a rapid means of controlling fed-batch biooxidation reactions which can employ in-line techniques and is broadly applicable for diverse oxidation reactions.
摘要:
A multi-chambered inflatable member formed by connecting the perimeters of two polymeric film layers includes a seal line spaced from the perimeter that interconnects the two film layers to form a perimeter inflatable channel along a portion of the perimeter. A plurality of inflatable cells extend between opposing portions of the inflatable channel and are in communication with one of the opposing portions of the inflatable channel. A check valve communicates with the inflatable channel to inflate the inflatable member. Articles being shipped or stored in a container can be placed between two or more inflatable members, the perimeter inflatable channels of which provide perimeter protection between the article and the container.
摘要:
Aliphatic polycarboxylic acids are made by a process comprising the steps of: (1) fermenting a beta-oxidation blocked C. tropicalis cell wherein both copies of the chromosomal POX5 gene and the chromosomal POX4A and POX4B genes are disrupted in a culture medium comprised of a nitrogen source, an organic substrate and a cosubstrate wherein the substrate is an unsaturated aliphatic compound having at least one internal carbon--carbon double bond and at least one terminal methyl group, a terminal carboxyl group and/or a terminal functional group which is oxidizable to a carboxyl group by biooxidation; (2) reacting the product of step (1) with an oxidizing agent to produce one or more polycarboxylic acids.
摘要:
Carboxylic acids and glycerine are made by a continuous splitting process which involves the formation of a presplitting mixture by separately adding the glyceride, an effective lipase in an amount sufficient to produce partial splitting of the glyceride, and water. The water used in the formation of the presplitting mixture is water that has been separated from the glycerin-water effluent stream from the pressure splitter and recycled. The next step involves the pressure splitting which entails mixing the partially split glyceride from the presplitter with water and heating under conditions of temperature and pressure effective to substantially complete the splitting of the glyceride into component fatty acids and a glycerin-water stream. The water is then separated from the glycerine-water stream and the water is recycled to the presplitter.
摘要:
The present invention relates to compounds according to formula 1, which exhibit cytotoxic activity. The compounds may be used in the treatment of cancer.
摘要:
A bioprocess for producing carboxylic acids, alcohols and aldehydes is provided by culturing Candida sp. in a fermentation medium containing various defined substrates.
摘要:
A fermentation medium containing: (a) a source of metabolizable carbon and energy; (b) a source of inorganic nitrogen; (c) a source of phosphate; (d) at least one metal selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a transition metal, and mixtures thereof; and (e) biotin, substantially free of particulate matter and bacteria. A fatty material may be added to an aqueous suspension containing at least one dicarboxylic acid to modify the rheological characteristics of the suspension.